Assignment

Course Code : 1103

Course Title : Computer sciences (C++)
Section : ADPCS
Semester : 1
Submitted To : Sir umer
Submitted by : Fariha Faryal
Submitted Date : 14-Nov-2017

SEARCH ENGINE:
A search engine is a software program or
script available through the internet that searches documents and files for
keywords and returns the results of any files containing those keywords.
Today, there are thousands of different search engines available on the
Internet, each with their own abilities and features. The first search engine
ever developed is considered Archie, which was used to search for FTP files
and the first text-based search engine is considered Veronica. Today, the
most popular and well-known search engine is Google. Other popular search
engines include AOL, Ask.com, Baidu, Bing and Yahoo....

How to access a search engine

For users, a search engine is accessed through a browser on their computer,

smartphone, tablet, or another device. Today, most new browsers use an
Omnibox, which is a text box at the top of the browser that shows the
address and is where you can also search on the Internet. You can also visit
one of the major search engines home page to perform a search.

How to find information on the Internet.

How a search engine works

Because large search engines contain millions and sometimes billions of

pages, many search engines not only just search the pages but also display
the results depending upon their importance. This importance is commonly
determined by using various algorithms.
Visual search engine example ; As illustrated in the image , the source
of all search engine data is a spider or crawler, which automatically visits
pages and indexes their contents.
Once a page has been crawled, the data contained within the page is
processed and indexed. Often, this can involve the steps below.

1: Strip out stop words.

2: Record the remaining words in the page and the

frequency they occur.

3: Record links to other pages.

4: Record information about images or other embedded

media.
The data collected above is used to rank the page and is the primary method
a search engine uses to determine if a page should be shown and in what
order.
Finally, once the data is processed it is broken up into one or more files,
moved to different computers, or loaded into memory where it can be
accessed when a search is performed.

File Transfer Protocol

 (FTP)

The File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is the standard network protocol

used for the transfer of computer files between a client and server on a
computer network.

FTP is built on a client-server model architecture and uses separate

control and data connections between the client and the server.

FTP users may authenticate themselves with a clear-text sign-in protocol,

normally in the form of a username and password, but can connect
anonymously if the server is configured to allow it. For secure transmission
that protects the username and password, and encrypts Transfer Protocol
(SFTP) is sometimes also used instead; it is technologically different.

Hyper Text Transfer Protocol

(HTTP)

HTTP means HyperText Transfer Protocol. HTTP is the underlying

protocol used by the World Wide Web and this protocol defines how
messages are formatted and transmitted, and what actions Web servers and
browsers should take in response to various commands.

The Hyper text Transfer Protocol is used to connect to Web

servers on the Internet or on a local network (intranet). Its primary function
is to establish a connection with the server and send HTML pages back to
the user's browser.
HTTP has been in use by the World-Wide Web global information initiative
since 1990.
A image of (Http):

Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure

(HTTPS)

HTTPS Stands for "HyperText Transport Protocol Secure."

HTTPS is the same thing as HTTP, but uses a secure socket layer (SSL) for
security purposes. Some examples of sites that use HTTPS include banking
and investment websites, e-commerce websites, and most websites that
require you to log in.
 In its popular deployment on the internet, HTTPS provides authentication
of the website and associated web server with which one is communicating,
which protects against man-in-the-middle attacks.
Additionally, it provides bidirectional encryption of communications
between a client and server, which protects against eavesdropping and
tampering with or forging the contents of the communication.

Web browsers
A web browser (commonly referred to as a browser) is a software
application for retrieving, presenting and traversing information resources
on the World Wide Web. An information resource is identified by a Uniform
Resource Identifier (URI/URL) that may be a web page, image, video or
other piece of content.
Although browsers are primarily intended to use the World Wide Web.
The most popular web browsers are Chrome, Edge (preceded by Internet
Explorer), Safari, Opera and Firefox.
Function of Web browsers:
The primary purpose of a web browser is to bring information resources to
the user ("retrieval" or "fetching"), allowing them to view the information
("display", "rendering"), and then access other information ("navigation",
"following links").
Some home media devices now include web browsers, like this LG Smart TV.
The browser is controlled using an on-screen keyboard and LG's "Magic
Motion" remote.

Telnet
Telnet is a protocol that allows you to connect to remote computers (called
hosts) over a TCP/IP network (such as the Internet). Using telnet client
software on your computer, you can make a connection to a telnet server
(i.e., the remote host).
Telnet was created and launched in 1969 and, historically speaking, you can
say that it was the first Internet.

The term telnet is also used to refer to the software that implements the
client part of the protocol. Telnet client applications are available for
virtually all computer platforms. Telnet is also used as a verb. To telnet
means to establish a connection using the Telnet protocol, either with
command line client or with a programmatic interface.
 For example, a common directive might be: "To change your password,
telnet into the server, log in and run the passwd command."

Telnet enables a user to manage an account or device remotely.

THE END