Module 03: ANSYS Meshing and Postprocessing

Introduction to ANSYS Explicit Dynamics

Release 17.0

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 Module 03 Topics
1. ANSYS Mechanical Meshing
2. ANSYS Mechanical
Postprocessing
3. Workshop 03.1: Cylinder Impact
Postprocessing
4. Workshop 03.2:
2D Axisymmetric Impact
5. Appendix 03.1: ANSYS
DesignModeler and Meshing
6. Appendix 03.2: ANSYS
FE Modeler Capabilities

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 Introduction to ANSYS Mechanical Meshing

PHYSICS PREFERENCE

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 Physics Preference Low
Physics Preference Option Sets the following automatically ...
Solid Element Midside Smoothing Transition
Nodes Default

Mechanical Kept Low Fast

CFD Dropped Medium Slow

Electromagnetic Kept Medium Fast SMOOTHING

Explicit Dropped High Slow High

Fast

TRANSITIONS

Slow
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 Mesh Methods
Solid Bodies
Automatic
Tetrahedron
Hex Dominant
Sweep
Multizone
Surface Bodies (Shells)
Quadrilateral Dominant
Triangles
Multizone Quad/Tri
Line Bodies (Beams)
Automatic

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 Mesh Methods: Solid Bodies
Tetrahedron
Advantages
An arbitrary volume can always be filled with tetrahedral
Can be generated quickly, automatically, and for complicated 3 mm Hex Mesh
geometry 1,680 Elements
Disadvantages Time Step = 3.154 x 10-4 ms
Element and node counts are higher than for a hex mesh with a
similar mesh density
Time Step is smaller than for a hex mesh with a similar mesh density
Generally not possible to align the cells with a flow direction
Not well suited for thin solids or annuli due to non-isotropy of
geometry and nature of element
3 mm Tet Mesh
21,562 Elements
Time Step = 0.555 x 10-4 ms

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 Mesh Methods: Solid Bodies
Tetrahedron: Patch Conforming
Default Tetrahedron Mesher
All Faces, Edges, Vertices of the geometry
are respected during mesh generation
Delaunay Method
Not good for Explicit Dynamics

CURVES IN GEOMETRY ARE REFLECTED IN MESH

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 Mesh Methods: Solid Bodies
Tetrahedron: Patch Independent
Recommended tet mesher for explicit dynamics
Faces, Edges, Vertices not always respected
Octree Method
Element size defined by:
Maximum Element Size
Approximate number of elements

MAX. ELEMENT SIZE = 2.5 MM CURVES IN GEOMETRY NOT REFLECTED IN MESH MAX. ELEMENT SIZE = 1.0 MM

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 Mesh Methods: Solid Bodies
Hex Dominant
Useful for meshing bodies that cannot be swept
Recommended for meshing bodies with large interior volumes
The hex-dominant meshing algorithm creates a quad-dominant
surface mesh first, then pyramid and tetrahedral elements are filled
in as needed
Always check interior of mesh for good element structure
Control Messages will appear to warn you if volume may not be
suitable for hex-dominant meshing

Solid Model with Hex dominant mesh :

Tetrahedrons 443 (9%)
Hexahedron 2801(62%)
Wedge 124 (2%)
Pyramid 1107 (24%)

NOTE: PYRAMID ELEMENTS ARE CONVERTED TO TWO TETS IN EXPLICIT DYNAMICS MESHES.
THIS CAN RESULT IN SMALL ELEMENTS THAT CONTROL THE TIME STEPAVOID IF POSSIBLE!
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 Mesh Methods: Solid Bodies
Sweep methods for generating pure hex meshes
Sweep
Sweeping from a single source face to a single target face
You only have 1 source and 1 target
The sweep direction changes along the path
Multizone
Attempts to automatically slice geometry into sweepable bodies
Supports multi-source and multi-target

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 Mesh Methods: Solid Bodies
Try MultiZone when:
you are meshing single body parts that are too complicated for Sweep
you have multiple sources and targets you need to respect
Example:
Using Sweep, the single body part (left) must be manually sliced into a multibody part
containing five bodies (center) to obtain a pure hex mesh (right)
With Multizone, it is meshed automatically!

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 Mesh Methods: Solid Bodies
Automatic (Patch Conforming/Sweeping)
Sweepable bodies are automatically swept
Non-sweepable bodies are meshed using the
Patch Conforming Tetrahedron method (not
good for Explicit)
Automatic is the default Method for
Explicit
Ensures that preferred Hex meshes are
generated whenever bodies can be swept
If any bodies are not swept, the tetrahedron meshes generated for these bodies
should be re-meshed by inserting a method that generates a Patch-Independent
Tetrahedron mesh for those bodies.

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 Mesh Methods: Solid Bodies
Summary
Hex meshes are more efficient than Tetrahedron meshes, but are not always easy to
generate.
Patch Independent Tetrahedron meshes are usually the best alternative to swept Hex
meshes.
The hex dominant mesh method will create pyramid elements which are automatically split
into two tetrahedral elements on Solve, increasing the number of elements while decreasing
element size (and hence the time step). Try to avoid using this method.
MultiZone can produce excellent hex meshes if the method is able to identify and create a
swept mesh for the geometry, and the element size is chosen carefully. Always worth trying.

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 Mesh Methods: Surface Bodies (Shells)

Quad Dominant Triangles MultiZone Quad/Tri

(NOT RECOMMENDED FOR EXPLICIT)

USE SIZING CONTROLS TO OBTAIN UNIFORM ELEMENT SIZE

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 Mesh Methods: Line Bodies (Beams)
Method is Automatic
Cross-section is assigned
Can be visualized as line segments or
showing cross-section
Use sizing controls to obtain uniform
element size

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 Mesh Sizing
The Physics Preference also defines a default element size
for Explicit.
Never use the default! Always define the element size yourself.
Determines the time step used for the analysisalways be in control
of the time step.

GLOBAL SIZING

LOCAL (SCOPED) SIZING

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 Mesh Sizing: Local
Sizing can be applied to
Body
Face
Edge
Vertex

Three options:
Element Size (Body, Face, Edge)
Number of Divisions (Edge)
Sphere of Influence (Body, Face,
Edge, Vertex)

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 Mesh Sizing: Local
Element Size
Element Size specifies average element
edge length for bodies, faces or edges
Often will also improve mesh quality

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 Mesh Sizing: Local
Number of Divisions
Specifies number of elements on edge(s) of
bodies or faces
Bias Type
Edge is discretized to include a bias towards
one end, both ends, or the center
Bias Factor is ratio of largest element size to
smallest element size
Effect of the Bias Factor is displayed

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 Mesh Sizing: Local
Number of Divisions: Behavior
Soft (default)
Size control and Number of Divisions used is controlled by the meshing algorithm
Affected by proximity, curvature and local re-meshing during meshing process
Hard
Specified Number of Divisions is fixed and cannot be changed by the meshing
algorithm
Increases likelihood of mesh generation failure
Can have positive or negative effects on mesh quality

No Edge Sizing Soft Hard

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 Defeaturing
Defeaturing reduces the influence that geometric
features have on the meshing process.
Avoids generating small elements that may force explicit
calculations to run with a small time step
Two Meshing options are available for Defeaturing:
Virtual Topology
Defeaturing tolerance

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 Defeaturing
Virtual Topology: Automatic Method
Behavior: Determines how aggressively the faces and edges
are merged
Custom Behavior
Curvature, Feature Angles
Aspect Ratio, Contact Angle, Edge Angle,
Shared Boundary Ratio
Virtual Topology: Repair Method
Behavior: Determines the type of repair to be performed
Repair All
Repair Small Edges
Repair Slivers
Repair Small Faces

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 Defeaturing: Virtual Topology

DEFAULT MESH, NO VT, AUTOMATICALLY CREATED DEFAULT MESH, VT, MULTIZONE MESH, VT,
T = 4 X 10-9 S VIRTUAL REGIONS T = 7.4 X 10-9 S T = 2.3 X 10-8 S

Virtual
Cell

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 Defeaturing: Defeaturing Tolerance
Defeaturing Tolerance works for all mesh methods.

WITHOUT DEFEATURING TOLERANCE WITH DEFEATURING TOLERANCE:

MESH IGNORES SMALL FEATURES,
MUCH BETTER ELEMENT SIZE

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 Parallel Meshing
Beginning at Release 15.0, multiple CPUs are used for Meshing
Accessed from Tools > Options > Meshing in Mechanical GUI
Number of CPUs for Meshing Methods: any value from 0 to 256.
Number of CPUs to be used for meshing operation
Value of 0 (default) will use all available CPUs
Number of CPUs for Parallel Part Meshing: any value from 0 to 256.
Number of CPUs to be used for parallel part meshing
For MultiZone Quad/Tri, Patch
Independent Tetra, and MultiZone
methods
Value of 0 (default) will use all
available CPUs
Performance varies with model

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 Introduction to ANSYS Mechanical Postprocessing
The following slides cover several introductory topics in Explicit Dynamics
postprocessing, including
Displacement Scaling
Legend Control
Display Options
Section Planes
Scoping Results
Charts and Tables
Time History Data
User-Defined Results
Vector Plots
Animation Controls
Data Export

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 Viewing Results
When selecting a results branch, the Context toolbar displays ways of viewing
results: Min/Max Probe

Displacement Scaling Display Method Contour Settings Outline Display

Vector Display Controls

In addition, the Timeline also has an animation toolbar which lets the user set
animation controls: Distribute Export

Play Pause Markers Frame Rate Control

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 Displacement Scaling
True Scale
Pull-down menu lets you apply a scale factor to
displacements
Useful for viewing small displacements
True Scale is usually best for Explicit Dynamics
analyses, as Auto Scale can give unrealistic views for
the large displacements common to explicit dynamics.
5x Auto
True Scale Auto Scale

LARGE DISPLACEMENT ANALYSIS

SMALL DISPLACEMENT ANALYSIS

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 Legend Controls
Right Clicking on the legend in the graphics area gives several options for
modifying the appearance of the legend:

Edit Value
Increase/Decrease Contour Bands
Export/Import/Switch to a saved legend setting

Horizontal/Vertical legend

Display Date/Time
Switch to Logarithmic Scale
Display Max/Min label on the legend

Number of Significant Digits Switch to Scientific Notation

The entire legend may be dragged and dropped to any edge of the graphics
window.
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 Legend Controls
The legend bounds can be manipulated
to show result distributions more
clearly for contour plots:

NOTE THAT THE MAX/MIN

VALUES CANNOT BE CHANGED

Click and drag contour dividers (or type

in) to specify contour ranges.
A non-uniform distribution of contours
can be used as well.

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 Legend Controls
Independent Bands allow neutral colors to represent regions of the model
above or below user-specified limits:

USER-SPECIFIED
BOUNDARIES

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 Display Method
The Geometry toolbar button controls the contour
display method. Four choices are available:
Exterior is the default display
option and is most commonly
used.
IsoSurfaces is useful to display
regions with the same contour
Exterior IsoSurfaces value.
Capped IsoSurfaces will remove
regions of the model where the
contour values are above (or
below) a specified value.
Slice Planes allow a user to cut
through the model visually.
Capped IsoSurfaces Slice Planes

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 Display Method
Capped IsoSurfaces are manipulated by a context toolbar:
Icons allow isosurface cap to be top or bottom or both.
The cap threshold can be controlled via the slider or by typing the value directly.

Solid Single Isosurface Top Capped Bottom Capped

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 Contour Settings
The Contours toolbar button controls the way in which contours are shown
on the model:

Smooth
Contours Contour Bands

Isolines Solid Fill

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 Outline Display
The Edges button lets you display
the undeformed geometry or mesh:

No WireFrame
Show Undeformed
WireFrame
Show Undeformed
Model

Show Elements

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 Section Planes
Section Planes can be added and edited in both the
preprocessor and the postprocessor.
To add a section plane select the Draw Section Plane icon, then click and
drag to define the plane.
Selection planes can be turned on or off using the check box in the Section
Planes Details view.
Delete section planes using the delete icon.
Edit section planes by highlighting desired plane name and using the
corresponding handle in the Graphics window.
Orient view for cut, Click
and draw cut with mouse Handle bar appears and Isometric view shows Move slice plane by Click on dashed side of
bodies are sliced slice plane dragging handle bar to reverse the slice

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 Scoping Results
Limiting results displayed to user-specified geometry can be
useful when post-processing.
This process is known as scoping in ANSY Mechanical.
Scoping automatically scales the legend to results for selected regions
To scope contour results:
Pre-select geometry then request the result of interest
The non-scoped geometry will be displayed as translucent
Results scoped Results scoped
to a single body to a single face

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 Scoping to a Path
Results may be mapped onto a path defined by:
A coordinate system (or multiple coordinate systems)
Existing geometry (edges or points)
A path is created using Construction Geometry

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 Scoping to a Path
Path Results may be displayed in graphical form
Equivalent to Profile Plots in AUTODYN

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 Charts and Tables
Combine MULTIPLE Results data into charts and tables:
Preselect the results that youd like to combine
Select New Chart and Table icon
Select desired display items in the Details view
We often will want to Omit minimum values

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 Time History Data Probe

There are two ways of obtaining time history data from

Explicit Dynamics analyses:
Probes
Use data from Results files
Typical frequency at which data is stored may not be sufficient to
obtain high frequency responses
Can be defined after the Solve Result Tracker
Can be made parametric
Scoped to Geometry or Coordinate System
The orientation of the result item can be with respect to
global or local coordinate system
Result Trackers
Use data from Result Tracker Data files
Frequency is input parameter
Default is every cycle (captures highest frequencies)
Must be defined prior to Solve
Scoped to Geometry (vertex only) or Coordinate System
Data can be read from file if desired
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 Time History Data
Probe

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 Time History Data
Result Tracker

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 Time History Data
Example: Boundary Reaction Tracker

FORCE REACTION AT EACH OF 4 SUPPORTS OF COMPONENT SUBJECT TO IMPACT LOADING

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 Time History Data
Example: FSI Force Tracker

EXTERNAL FORCE TIME HISTORY DUE TO FLUID JET IMPINGING ON

DEFORMABLE SURFACE (FILTERED AT 10,000 HZ)

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 Time History Data
Result Tracker Filter
Choose Filter Type Butterworth to apply a four-channel low-pass Butterworth filter to the data.
Set a cut frequency (Hz) for the filtering (default of 0.0 implies no filtering).
Cut frequency should not exceed of the sampling frequency (# of samples / analysis time).
Filtered response is shown in green.

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 User Defined Results
User Defined Results:
Allow you to access results quantities not
available directly in the context menus
Let you define your own result
expressions
Expressions can include one or more
variables.
Names for all nodal/element variables
that can be used in expressions are
shown in the Worksheet view.
For example, velocity vector plots can
be displayed by setting the expression =
VVECTOR.

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 User Defined Result
Velocity Vector Plot

(RENAMED)

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 Vector Plots
Vector plots may be used to display any result that is vectorial in nature, such as
deformation, principal stresses/strains, or heat flux.
Activate vectors for appropriate quantities using the vector graphics icon:

Once the vectors are visible their appearance can be modified using the vector display
controls (see next slide for examples):

Vector Length Control Vector Density Control

Proportional Vectors Equal-Length Vectors Element Aligned Grid Aligned Line Form Solid Form

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 Vector Plots

Solid
Proportional Length
Solid Line Form
Proportional Length Grid Aligned
Line Form
Element Aligned Wire frame
Proportional Length
Line Form
Element Aligned

Solid Solid

Proportional Length Equal Length

Solid Form Solid Form

Element Aligned Element Aligned

Wire frame
Equal Length
Solid Form
Element Aligned

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 Animation Controls
The animation toolbar allows user to configure, play, pause, and stop animations.
The toolbar is accessed via the Timeline at the bottom of the graphics screen:

START/STOP/PAUSE CONTROL RESOLUTION AND SPEED EXPORT VIDEO (*.AVI) FILE

DISTRIBUTED INTERPOLATES RESULTS TO PRODUCE RESULTS SETS PRODUCES ONE ANIMATION FRAME
UNIFORMLY SPACED ANIMATION FRAMES FOR EACH SET OF RESULTS ON THE RESULTS FILE

THE PAUSE BUTTON IS AVAILABLE DURING PLAYBACK

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 Data Export
Results data can be exported in two
ways:
Text File: writes a table of results values at
each node to Microsoft Excel and to a text
file
STL File: writes the deformed geometry to
a file in the STL format

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 Alerts
Alerts are a simple way to check if a scalar result quantity
satisfies a specified criterion:
Can be used on contour results (except vector results)
Highlight the particular result branch, RMB and insert an Alert
In the Details view, specify the criterion
In Outline tree, after Solve:
Green checkmark indicates criterion is satisfied
Red exclamation mark indicates criterion was not satisfied

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 Multiple Viewports
Multiple viewports can be
used to display various
images at the same time
(preprocessing or
postprocessing data).

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 Workshop 03.1: Cylinder Impact Postprocessing
Goal:
Gain hands-on experience with explicit
dynamics postprocessing
Procedure:
Load the project created in Workshop 1
Apply the various techniques described in
this chapter to the analysis results,
resolving as necessary

Walkthrough
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 Workshop 03.2: 2D Axisymmetric Impact
Goal:
[TBD]
BULLET (STEEL)
Procedure:
[TBD]
500 M/S

TARGET (ALUMINUM)

FIXED BOUNDARY
AXIS OF SYMMETRY

Walkthrough
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 Appendix 03.1: ANSYS DesignModeler and Meshing

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 DesignModeler and Meshing: Bodies and Parts
Example: DM
1 part, 1 body
Entire solid meshed as one entity
No internal surfaces

Mesh

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 DesignModeler and Meshing: Bodies and Parts
Example: DM
3 parts, 3 bodies
Each solid meshed independently
Nodes are not shared
Nodes do not line-up

Mesh

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 DesignModeler and Meshing: Bodies and Parts
Example:
1 part, 3 bodies DM
(1 multibody part consisting of 3 bodies)
Each solid meshed independently, but node
connectivity among solids is preserved.

Mesh

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 DesignModeler and Meshing: Shared Topology Method
Specified for each Part in DM
Applied at common boundaries of all Bodies in the Part
Options
Automatic (default)
Nodes are merged on boundaries (Bodies are bonded)
None
Bodies are meshed independently
Separate nodes generated on each Body surface
Allows grouping bodies together for organizational purposes, or so that
mesh controls (such as Match Control) may be applied to bodies within
the Part
Imprint
Imprints bodies in a part with each other.
Often used in Mechanical applications when well-defined contact
regions are desired among the Bodies.
None + Match Control is preferred for explicit applications.

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 DesignModeler and Meshing: Slice
Slicing is performed in
DesignModeler
Bodies must be frozen

Bodies can be sliced:

by plane or surface
by extruding, revolving, lofting, or
sweeping sketches

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 DesignModeler and Meshing: Slice By Surface

SLICE 1

DEFAULT MESH
(NOT SWEEPABLE)
ORIGINAL GEOMETRY

SLICE 2

SLICED GEOMETRY MESH AFTER SLICING

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 DesignModeler and Meshing: Slice By Surface
Combining Bodies into one Part ensures matched (conformal) meshes:

MESH AFTER
COMBINING 3 BODIES
INTO 1 PART

MESH WITH 3
BODIES IN 3 PARTS

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 DesignModeler and Meshing: Solution Time Comparison

Method Nodes Elements Time Step Run Time Ratio

Single Body 3603 15902 2.553E-8 0.075 9.38

Three Bodies 6688 5250 1.087E-7 0.010 1.25

Multibody Part 6501 5250 1.087E-7 0.008 1.00*

All meshes used an element size of 1.0 mm.

* Best DM+Meshing Method: HEX Mesh in Multi-Body part

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 DesignModeler and Meshing: Slice By Extruding Sketches
Sketch

O-grid Mesh
after slicing

Default Mesh

Extrude
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 DesignModeler and Meshing: Slice By Extruding and Sweeping

Sketch & Extrude

O-grid
Sketch & Sweep Mesh after Slicing

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 DesignModeler and Meshing: Advanced Hex Meshing
2 mm Tet Mesh
604,152 elements!
DT = 3.346 x 10-5 ms

2 mm Hex Dominant
61,747 elements
DT = 3.1 x 10-6 ms!

2 mm Swept Hex Mesh

44,000 elements
DT = 5.668 x 10-5 ms

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 DesignModeler and Meshing: Match Control
Overlapping Meshes and Contact
Explicit Dynamic analyses require that there are no initial
penetrations at contact surfaces, so nodes on surfaces that are
initially in contact must match.
If necessary, use Match Control for Swept Hex meshes and
Patch Independent Tetrahedron meshes.
Group Bodies into single Part
Select None for Shared Topology Method

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 DesignModeler and Meshing: Spot Welds
Define points on source geometry at
location of the spot welds
Corresponding points on target
geometry are generated
Source geometry and target geometry can
be in contact or separated
Meshing ensures that nodes are
generated at the spot weld points
Explicit Dynamics uses nodes to define
solid or breakable joints

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 DesignModeler and Meshing: Mid-Surface Extraction
Mid-Surface
Reduces 3D geometry of constant thickness to a simplified shell representation
Automatically places surface body at mid point between 3D face pairs
Allows shell element type
meshing in Explicit Dynamics

3D MODEL MID-SURFACE REPRESENTATION

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 DesignModeler and Meshing: Surface Extension
Surface Extension
Creates a surface extension based on edge selection
Often required after Mid-Surface operation

A THIN-SOLID MODEL THE MODEL CONVERTED TO A EXTENDING THE CIRCULAR EDGE

MIDPLANE SURFACE MODEL CLOSES THE GAP
THIS RESULTS IN A GAP AT THE
INTERFACE OF THE 2 PARTS

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 DesignModeler and Meshing: Cleanup and Repair of CAD
Edge and Face Merge for Model Simplification
Merge edges and faces based on angle criteria to simplify the model

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 DesignModeler and Meshing: Cleanup and Repair of CAD
Repair

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 DesignModeler and Meshing: Cleanup and Repair of CAD
Face Delete PATCH HEALING

NATURAL HEALING

SELECTED FACES FOR DELETE

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 Appendix 03.2: ANSYS FE Modeler Capabilities

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 FE Modeler Capabilities
Import:
Finite element (FE) models from a NASTRAN bulk data file or an ABAQUS Input file
FE meshes from Workbench Meshing or Advanced Meshing
Archived ANSYS data created using the CDWRITE command
Navigate and visualize the data contained in the model
Generate solid geometry from an FE Model using the Geometry Synthesis
feature
Create named components based on element selections
Generate an ANSYS, NASTRAN, or ABAQUS input deck for downstream analysis

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 FE Modeler Capabilities
Display Element Statistics

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 FE Modeler Capabilities
Convert Mesh to Geometry (Geometry Synthesis / Skin Detection)

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 FE Modeler Capabilities
Pass Geometry to ANSYS Meshing

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 Module 03: ANSYS Meshing and Postprocessing
END

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