VOCABULARY:

A: Matching definitions (Book Page#16)

Devastation: Catastrophe (Great destruction or damage)
Example: The floods caused widespread devastation
Foliage: Green leaves (healthy green foliage)
Example: The elephants were stripping the area of foliage and knocking down the trees.
Lawlessness: Absence of law and order (not obeying the law)
Example: Lawlessness is a major problem of any country.
Cagey: Reluctant to (hesitant about committing oneself)
Example: Officials are cagey about giving out details)
Repercussions: ill effects (An unintended consequence of an event or action, especially an
unwelcome one)
Example: The move would have grave repercussions for the entire region.
Implementing: Using (Put (a decision, plan, agreement, etc.) into effect)
Example: Implementing plan of study guarantees positive results.
Hemmed in: Surrounded by
Example: He was hemmed in by reporters as he tried to leave the courthouse.
Resorting to: Falling back on (to do or use (something) especially because no other choices
are possible).

Example: Students have to resort to asking his parents for money.

B: Use each of the following words in sentences of your own:

Succulent: full of juice (a plant that stores water in its leaves or stems)
Sentence: Cacti are succulent plants.
b) Plod : to walk slowly and usually heavily.
We plodded through mud that came up past our ankles.
I could hear my roommate plodding up the steps to our apartment.
We plodded our way across the muddy field.
- to progress or develop slowly

He plodded through his work.

The day was plodding along.

c) Devastation: to destroy much or most of (something)

to cause great damage or harm to (something)

 The flood devastated the town.
The disease has devastated the area's oak tree population.
The hurricane left the island completely devastated.
The town was devastated [=ruined] when the factory closed.

- to cause (someone) to feel extreme emotional pain usually used as (be) devastated

She was devastated by the breakup of her marriage.

d) Creak : to make a long, high sound: to make a sound like the sound made by an old door
when it opens or closes

The door creaked open. = The door made a creaking sound as it opened.
The old floorboards creaked under our feet.
The porch roof creaked with the heavy weight of the snow.

e) Cull : to select or choose (someone or something) from a group

Damaged fruits are culled (out) before the produce is shipped.

- to control the size of (a group of animals) by killing some animals

He culls his herd annually.

The town issued hunting licenses in order to cull the deer population.

f) Cannon : a large gun that shoots heavy metal or stone balls and that was once a
common military weapon,,,,,

always followed by an adverb or preposition [no object] British

: to suddenly and forcefully hit or move into or against someone or something

The ball cannoned off the goalpost and into the net.

C: Give two meanings for each of the following words:

a) Bolt : to move or go very suddenly and quickly from or to a particular place, position, or
condition

He bolted up from the chair.

a long, round piece of metal that has a wider part at one end and is like a screw at
the other end
A bolt and a nut are used together to hold something in place.
 a) Treat : to deal with or think about (something) especially in a particular
way
I try to treat everyone equally. to pay for someone's food, drink, or
entertainment
They treated us to lunch. to give medical care to (a person or animal)

Doctors immediately treated the patient.

She was treated for dehydration.

c) Trunk : the main or central part of something a large, strong box used for holding clothes
or other things especially for traveling

a trunk full of clothes

the long, flexible nose of an elephant

b) Train: a group of vehicles that travel on a track and are connected to each
other and usually to an engine : a connected group of railroad cars
to cause (someone or something) to develop an ability or skill
e) Tender: very loving and gentle : showing affection and love for someone or something

He gave her a tender look.

to offer to do work or to provide goods for a particular price : to make a bid for
something + for

We tendered for [=(US) bid for] the job/contract.

a small piece of chicken meat that is usually cooked by being breaded and fried

Can I have an order of chicken tenders?

D: Explain what the following words mean:

a) Lavishly : given in large amounts

She has drawn/gained lavish praise [=a great amount of praise] for her charitable works.
a lavish donation

a lavishly generous donor having a very rich and expensive quality

a lavish home
a lavish feast/party
 b) Exodus : a situation in which many people leave a place at the same time usually
singular

The war caused a mass exodus of refugees.

c) Poacher : to cook (something) in a small amount of liquid that is almost boiling

The vegetables were poached in chicken broth.

poached
adjective

We had poached eggs for breakfast.

to catch or kill an animal illegally

[+ object]

Elephants are often poached for their ivory tusks.

to take (something, such as an idea, or someone, such as an employee or customer) from

someone else illegally or unfairly

She was accused of poaching [=plagiarizing] the material for her essay from a Web site.
Her former company accused her of poaching clients.

d) Fertility : the state or condition of being fertile(produce): such as

a : the ability to produce young

She studied the effects of pollution on the fertility of the local fish population.
The doctor ordered a test of his/her fertility.

the ability to support the growth of many plants

The area is known for its soil fertility.

c : the ability to produce many ideas

the fertility of his imagination

e) Hoarse : having a harsh or rough sound or voice

She could only speak in a hoarse whisper.

The cold made me a little hoarse.