SPE 35666

Reduction of Drill String Torque and Casing Wear

in Extended Reach Wells Using Non-Rotating
Drill Pipe Protectors
N,B. Moore, Western Well Tool, P.W. Mock, Western Well Tool, R,E, Krueger, Western Well Tool
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Society of Petrotwn Ef.gineers

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SPE, P.O. SS2SSS, Rlchudwn, 724 7S0S2-2S2S USA, t~X 01-214-952442S

1. Abstrsct rest ricted areas. and greater utilization of

Exlcnded Reach Drilling (ERD) is increasing}
becoming the means of expanding production of
aging oil fields. With ERD also come problems
associated \rith high drilling torque and
cxcessivc casing \tcar. This paper addresses the
issues of easing wear protection and dril I string
torque reduction \\ith the use of Non-rotating
Drill Pipe Protectors (NRDPP). The design.
principle of operation. and operational
limitations of NRDPP are discussed. Anal} sis
methods for placement and hpical applications
are discussed. Anal} sis results typically include
the determination of contact loads of the drill
string to the casing and application of loading
criterion based on design performance.
Placement recommendations limit the side wal]
contact loads to an experimentally determined
criterion for safe NRDPP operation. Four
operational experiences are discussed to allo~y
comparison of various types of applications and
field problems, Operational experiences inchrde
cases in Alaska. Gulf of Mexico. North Sea and
Ne\v Zealand, Other related considerations
associated \vith the use of NRDPP include drill
string \ibration and hot hole environments.
This report concludes that properly placed
NRDPP can substantially reduce drdl string
torque by 10-.30/0and that casing wear is
prevented \vherc the protectors arc applied,
2. Introduction
ERD is critical for optimizing development of
many fields in the Nofih Sea. the &lf of
Mexico. Alaska. and other locations throughout
the world. ERD is increasingly important
beeause it offers the potential of reduction of
location footprint or platform size. access to
existing facilities. These benefits result in lower
cost
Howe\ cr. ERD also imposes additional technical
problems. Teel( discusses technologies for
successful ERD wells. These problems include
drill string capacity and BHA design. bore hole
stability. hole cleaning. solids control. casing
placement as \vell as high drill string torque and
increased casing wear.
High drill string torque and excessive casing
wear are frequently serious problems in ERD
wells, High drill string torque can threaten \vcll
completion bj exceeding the capaciq of Top
Drive systems or drill string, Casing ~~ear can
necessitate the use of casing patches. liners. and
entire casing string replacements. These
procedures increase well completion times and
costs
One approach to reducing drill string torque and
pre~enting excessive casing wear is the use of
Non-Rotating Drill Pipe Protectors (NRDPP).
For example in the Bass Strait.:) NRDPPs were
used successfully as part of the changes
implemented to reduce torque and prevent
casing wear. ~cr the last six years NRDPPs
hale been used successfully in hundreds of ERD
!velk world wide for torque reduction and easing
wear prevention,
3. Purpose
This effort examines the use of Non-Rotating
Drill Pipe Protectors in Extended Reach Drilling
specifically with respeet to torque reduction and
casing ~vear prmention and related
considerations,

161
4. Technical Description
Technical description of NRDPP invol~es the
mechanical design. the principle of operation
and installation. These arc herein discussed,
-1.1 Design
A variety of drill pipe protectors are a~ailablc.
Drill pipe protectors may be roughly divided
into Rotating and Non-Rotating Drill Pipe
Protectors (NRDPP). Rotating drill pipe
protectors arc rigidly attached to the drill string
in various ways. NRDPP allows the drill pipe to
rotate freely within the protector while
remaining nearly rotationally motionless,
Figure 1 shows how a NRDPP would be
installed on drill pipe.
Figure 1. Non-Rotating Drill Pipe Protector
The NRDPP consists of three parts: a central
hinged rubber or plastic slee~e (with or without
fluting for increased fluid flow) bonded to a
metal reinforcement insert. and two Aluminum
hinged thrust bearing collars. The t}ro
collars are identical in shape but one inverted
with respect to the other. The sleeve sits
between the t~vo collars }vith sufficient clearance
to allow the sleeve to rotate freely.
Passages along the internal sleeve face allow
mud to enter the volume between the sleeve and
the drill string and form a journal bearing
around the circumference of the drill pipe. The
contact face between the thrust bearing and the
sleeve have matching tapered surfaces that
ensure even contact and centralizing of the
sleeve to the collar and drill pipe.
The contact face between [he plastic sleeve and
the uppermost Aluminum collar is ~pically the
location of greatest }vear, The design shown in
Figure 1 is a re~ersible sleeyc: after
approximately 1/2 inch wear. the protector can
162
be inverted and use may continue thus
increasing the life and reducing NRDPP cost.
The Aluminum thrust bearings (collars) are held
in place with three torqued bolts. The bearing is
designed to flex to ~ariances of drill pipe OD.
and maintain suflic.ient contact loads as to
praent sliding of the assembly on the drill
string. The collars are tapered to be self
centering with the sleeves Aluminum is
anodized to prwent chemical attack.
NRDPPs are specifically designed to allow
drilling fluid to easily pass the protectors and
return to the surface. Et%cieni drilling fluid
returns is accomplished by the usc of
appropriate sleeve diameters as well as the use
of flutes in the sleeve. Doth fluted and non-
fluted versions arc available. Typical pressure
drop across NRDPP is approximately that across
a tool joint.
4.2 How NRDPP Reduce Drill String Torque
The NRDPP described in this study have two
mechanisms for reducing drill string torque,
Thew are:
Fluid blifl of the drill pipe from the
protector
9 Reduction of the effective size of the drill
pipe
NRDPPs of this paper have an inside diameter
of the sleeve that is specially designed to act Iikc
a fluid bearing: it uses drilling fluid and the
relati!e motion of the drill pipe to the sleae to
create hydraulic lift. The two interfacing
surfaces are effectively jacked apart and
experience extremely low frictional contact. As
long as the fluid bearing is not overloaded, the
friction at the point of contact is reduced to the
friction between the drill pipe and the drilling
fluid. typically about 1/10 of that of steel against
steel in drilling mud. With this design the
drilling fluid acts as the lubricating medium.
Reduction of cffecti~e size of the drill pipe also
lowers drill string torque. The NRDPPs of this
study fit loosely on the drill pipe. When
NRDPPs are in contract with the casing. the
drill pipe rotates freely inside the protector
sleeve. The point of relative rotation is changed
from the outside diameter of the tool joint to the
inside diameter of the NRDPP sleeve. Since
torque is directly proportional to the cffecti~e
radius of the drill Wing. the use of NRDPPs
reduces rotan torque resistance at the point of
contact. For example. consider a 5 inch drill
pipe \vith an effective tool joint diameter of 6-
5/8 inch. When this 5 inch drill string has
NRDPPs installed. the effective radius and the
torque arc reduced by more than 200/..
Experimental work has verified torque reduction
with NRDPP as showm in Figure 2 for NRDPP
of a 6-5/8 inch tool joint against a 1O-W4inch
casing with and without NRDPPs.
Figurc2, Reduction in Torqucof6-5/8 inch
Drill Pipe Tool .loint Against 10-3/ 4inch
Casing with and Without NRDPP.
140
120 I }
g 100-
+Wtih NRDPP
~ 80
$ 60-
/5~
20-
o*
o 968 1490 2000 2500 2976
Side Losd (ibs)
NRDPPs reduce torque on each joint w here
installed: hence they contribute a percentage to
overall drill string torque reduction. The two
effects described atmc act together to reduce
drill torque If here ever the NRDPPs are
installed b} as much as 90/0.
As an example of the effectiveness NRDPPs.
consider a 300 joint string in an ERD well v ilh
NRDPP installed on 60 joints. If torque werc
evenly distributed o~cr the length of the drill
string. NRDPPs could reduce the drill string
torque by 1876. Generally. however. torque is
concentrated in the build/drop sections of a ~vell.
Specifically. high contact load and hence torque
is seen near the top of the well. By placing
NRDPPs in the critical regions. torque
reductions of 1O-NYYO are hpically seen in field
applications,
163
.4.3 How N RDPPs Pre*ent Casing Wear
NRDPPs praent casing wear b~ pre~enting
contact of the drill pipe tool joint. NRDPP
sleeve have an outside diameter larger than the
tool joint they are applied upon. For example. a
5 inch drill pipe \\ith a 6-5/8 inch tool joint
would use a NRDPP !}ilh an outside diameter of
7-1/4 inch, The NRDPPs are typically mounted
in close proximi~ to the tool joint and thus
come in contact with the casing before the tool
joint,
4.4 When to Use NRDPPs
NRDPPs pro~ide oplimum benefits under
specific hpes of ERD conditions. These
include:
b Wells uith build sections located high in
the hole
Hea\y string weights located bclotv a build
sect ion
Hole daiations (dog legs) producing high
side loads of the drill pipe onto the casing
Drilling operations of excessive casing \vcar
and/or slow Rate of Penetrat ion (ROP)
4.5 Installation of NRDPP
NRDPPs arc qpicall~ mounted about 2 feet from
the pin end of the drill pipe, Protectors may be
mounted indi~iduall? or in multiples.
Installation begins \vith placement of collars
follot~ed by the slee~e. The two collars are
mounted approximately 10-11 inches apart: the
sleeve is placed between the collars, Each collar
has three collar makeup bolts that are torqued to
15-N) ft-lbs torque. Torque is applied with a
torque }vrench or impact }~rench supplied \vith
the NRDPPs. Installation of the sleeve
in~ol~es opening it. placing it over the drill
pipe bet}vecn the collars. closing it with a
retaining pin. Total installation time is 1-2
minutes.
Properly installed NRDPP assemblies arc Ycn
robust once attached to the drill string. Because
of their design. they arc not susceptible to
removal by rotational force and only high axial
force can damage them, Exq)eriments have
shown that properly installed collars can with
stand loads up to 27.000 Ibs \vithout slippage on
the drill pipe. In hundreds of wells. NRDPPs
hate shown to be reliable as field reports sho~vn
that loss from the drill string is cxt remely rare.
Generally. field semice is provided by the
manufacturer but frequent users of NRDPPs do
not require continuing semice support, Typical
scwice includes a sewice engineer that installs
and assists rig personnel \vith the installation of
the NRDPPs. However training of rig personnel
is rapid and frequent users decline semice
support to conseme rig bed space or similar
reasons,
As part of the senice. specific engineering
recommendations regarding the optimum
placement for NRDPPs for a particular WCI1are
pro~ided without cost. Senicc personnel
receive instructions for each application.
4.6 Operational Limitations of N RDPPs
The practical limitations of NRDPPs in
prolonged use are temperatures less than 350F
and normal side loading Icss than 2000 pounds.
Hot holes are encountered in both oil and
geothermal exploration throughout the !vorld.
High bottom hole temperatures can damage the
polymeric material used in NRDPP sleeves.
Sleeves are t?pically made from plastic or
elastomeric materials. Generally. economically
viabic plastics perform best at operational
tempxatures below 250 F, For operational
temperatures of 250-3 St)F. elastomeric sleeves
are generally recommended. Prolonged
exposure of temperatures greater than 35t)F
results in thermal damage throughout the
protector sleeve body. loss of mechanical
prope~. and potentially the destruction of the
protector.
Excessive side loading on NRDPPs reduces
benefits and tool life. Application of loads
greater than the capacity of the hydraulic lift
results in degradation of the lift and subsequent
degradation of the benefits of the use of the
NRDPP. Excessi~c loads result in excessive
wear of the sleeve end by the collar. reducing
tool life.
Operator supplied information defining bottom
hole temperatures. mud properties. and drilling
parameters can circumvent potential problems of
operational limitations of NRDPPs.
164
5. NRDPP Placement
Placement analyses are performed on ERD drill
strings to determine the normal forces acting
between the drill string and the \vell bore with
the objectifcs of recommending:
Placement location of NRDPPs to
maximize torque reduction and prevent
casing wear
Placement frequency of NRDPPs to assure
side loading forces are \vithin operational
limitations
T\Yo t>pes of analyses are performed for the
placement of NRDPP -- closed form force
balance model and a Damon cable (soft
string) model. The former is a proprietaq
program: the later is a commercially available
drill string analysis program. Various drilling
operations can be modeled. For example.
tripping-in. tripping-out. rotating off bottom.
rotating on bottom. and motor drilling can bc
modeled.
The information required to perform an anal! sis
for placement of NRDP protectors consists of the
follolving:
Drill String Description: BHA and drill
pipe description by size. nominal weight.
Icngth.
Well Suney Description: Suney
information for the actual wett or well plan
information. Standard reporting of the
measured depth (MD). inclination and
azimuth.
Mud Definition: Mud weight and other
description.
Well Bore Description: Size and length of
cased portion of the hole. diameter and
length of the open hole
The results of the two analyses arc compared.
Considering analysis results and heuristic
experience with over 500 wells. an engineering
report with recommendation is prepared for a
particular well.
6. Operational Experience
The operational experience with NRDPP is large
and continuing to grow rapidly-. NRDPPs are
currently used on ERD wells in Alaska, Gulf of
Mexico. North Sea. and throughout the world.
An Alaska WC1lillustrates the benefits of using
NRDPPs by reducing both drill string torque
and pickup drag. The Gulf of Mexico well
illustrates how NRDPPs stop casing wear. The
North Sea well is an esample of how NRDPPs
are part of an o~erall torque reduction scheme.
A Nc;v Zealand well illustrates the benefits of
casing wear pre~ention,
6.1 Alaska
NRDPPs arc used periodically during various
drilling program in the North Slope of Alaska
One example of the use of NRDPPs is illustrated
wbile drilling a well in Alaskas North Slope,
The well conjuration is shown in Figure 3.
The well has 10-3/4 inch surface casing set at
5100 feet MD at an inclination of 48 degrees.
The production hole }~as 9-7/8 inch casing and
to be completed \vith a 7-5/8 inch casing long
string. The well TD was at approximately
12.600 feet MD at 20 degree inclination.
Figure 3. Alaska North Slope Well Profile that
Utili~ed NRDPPs
)
I
., .,.
I Other benefits included eliminate of the non-
...
t ,,.
Analysis of the well resulted in prediction of
side contact loads of the drill string on the
casing. which was used for protector placement.
The recommendation \vas for placement of two
NRDPPs on each joint o~cr the build section of
the hole, Figure 4. shows the predicted con!act
side loads bet~}een the casing and the drill string
165
Figure 4. Predicted Contact Side Loads Between
Drill String and Well Casing for an Alaska Well
on North Slope
. . . .
[1
ma
!m
IbI_
-
om40m
,,.
..
mm
Cm-&d Forcdm#h (IbtTi]
To c~ahratc the benefit of NRDPPs. they were
rcmojcd on the hole opener run after the
wireline open hole logging operation, The BHA
!I as unchanged. The rotating torque during the
hole opener trip tvhile reaming on bottom
\vithout the drill pipe protectors was 30,000 ft-
lbs. When protectors v ere installed with the
same conditions. the torque was 17.000 ft-lbs.
The torque was reduce by approximately 4070,
rotating stabili~crs pre~iousl! used to minimize
Kelly whip and impro~e sliding.
6.2 Gulf of Mexico
An operator in the Gulf of Mexico experienced
exccssivel~ high torque at the rotan table. This
resulted in concern regarding the top dri~e
w stems capacity to reach TD (approximately
[2250 ft Measured Depth),
Rotaq torque increased rapidly wi~h greater
measured depth, While rotating and drilling a
12- 1/4 inch diameter hole from inside the 13-3/8
inch casing at a shoe depth of 7.000 feet. torque
at the rota~ table was 17.000 ft-lb,, As drilling
continued to a measured depth of approximately
8.500 feet. the torque at t he rotaq table
increased to 21.000 fi-pounds. Field logs for
Rate of Penetration. Weight on Bit. Torque. and
Pump Pressure were monitored to evaluate the
results of using the NRDPP,
The excessive} high rolary torque was
associated with dog legs of up 102-5 degrees
over the internal from 1500 foot to 6500 fl MD.
Figure 5 shows the dog leg serity as a f~ction
of location along the depth.
Placement and location are determined by
normal contact loads along the drill string.
Contact loads over the internal of 1500-2300
feet required three protectors per joint to be
used. The intewal of 2300-3400 feet required
two NRDPPs per joint.
Figure 5, Dogleg Smcrity and Side Wall
Contact Forces for a Well in Gulf of Mexico
.----
j 4=<;7 - ;.......:.... ....... .
After the installation of the NRDPP \vas
completed and drilling rc-commenced, the
torque at the rota~ table immdlately dropped
to 15.000 ft-lbs (approximately 30% reduction).
166
Figure 6. Changes in Rotary Torque with the
Use of NRDPPs in a Gulf of Mexico Well
c
m
Y
After the first trip. the torque increased to
17.000 ft-lb, and gradually increased with
increasing depth but naer exceeded 20,000 ft-
Ib. Figure 6 graphically shows the change in
rotan torque \vith increasing depth. For the
purposes of clarity
NRDPPs were used again when drilling out
from the 9-5/8 inch casing when torque
problems were again encountered. A casing
point was reached at a measured depth of
approximately 10.900 feet and 9-5/8 casing was
set. At the beginning of the casing drill out. the
rota~ torque \vithout NRDPP \vas 25.000 ft-lb.
A NRDPP placement analysis was performed
once again but this time considering the 9-5/8
inch casing and the new BHA, A new
recommendation for the placement of protectors
was made which included placement of
protectors as in the original deployment plus
coverage over the internal from 3400-6500 feet
at one protector per joint. The NRDPPs were
installed and run into the hole, During the
casing drill out. the torque was reduced from
25,000 ft-lb, to 21.000 tl-lb. (approximately
164 reduction), The torque measurements
remained osciilatop during casing drill out,
Once the casing drill out was completed. the
torque dropped to an average of 15.000 fi-lb.
(40Yoreduction in rotaq torque.)
6.3 North Sea
A jackup rig located in the North Sea was
experiencing extremely high torque. The well
profile was & shown ;n Figure 7
Figure 8 shows the integral part NRDPPs ha~e
in the process of anticipating and addressing
torque reduction in dimktdt wells. In summary.
this Torque Reduction Decision Tree involved
utilization of NRDPPs \vith a variety of other
operational and equipment changes including
changing drill bits. BHA. mud additives. and
string assemblies

Figure 7 Well Profile of North Sea Well Figure 8 Torque Reduction Plan Flow Diagram
Utilizing NRDPP5 Showing Use of NRDPP in North Sea Extended
Reach Well
Run shLk B}i.! & ~tX B]t

I SCYdotatmg IMI
PIP Prdedm +
(\T?DPP )

v
Torque Rdwd
Sullimmlk
* Chmge to ROIAMt.
SllLkMl/l

+
Reduw Bf LA\le@t :

0 Iao m
V*rticd S8CUOII[m]
m rseMibii\c
l.uhrdm Rduwi

i
[SCDwnMe \ Mv
Afier cementing the 9-5/8 inch casing several .1ss>
problems arose including:

. Drill string torque \vas at the capacih limit

of the Top Drive
Target Depth \vas over 60t)m be? ond
current Measure Depth (MD)
[ SCTJp=mdDrrll String
Drilling was at a high angle (50 degrees) v
suggesting increasing drill string torque Grime Dnlhng
Previous histon obtained from a similar
\vell in the same formation also encountered
The drilling program progressed in the
difficulties in reaching TD
following manner, The well was analy~ed \\ith
the build internal from 180-1173 meters
In anticipation of torque problems. the operator
protcctcd. Because of the magnitude of the side
prepared a Torque Reduction Decision Tree for
loads. protectors \vere mounted in pairs on each
this well, This example shows how NRDPPs
arc used in both the planning of drilling options joirw After drilling out the 9-5/8 inch casing.
the protector installation began.
to assure completion of the well: integral wi(h
the Torque Reduction Plan was the use of
NRDPP,

167
During [he running of the protectors. torque
tests were conducted at approximate depths of
350t)m. -tot)om.-1lt)t)m. and .t600m at various
RPMs. Theresuhs areshownin Figure9.
From examination of Figure 9 it is obsened
that the reduction in torque is attributable to the
protectors entering the build seetion. For this
particular well. the data demonstrates a torque
reduetion of approximately 14/0.
Figure 9: Reduction in Drill String Torque for a
North Sea Well as NRDPPs Enter Build Section
of Well at Various RPM
600
m n
500
Minimizing surface and downhole torque to
stop stalling of top drive and improve
steering.
The protectors were fitted before drilling the 8-
1/2 inch hole in the first well with an inclination
of 39 degrees. removed on completion and
reinstalled for milling on stuck liner. The
protectors operated over a period of 7(I days and
453 rotating hours. A similar process was used
in a second well with an inclination of 32
degrees.
Using commercially available casing wear
prediction software. BHA and drilling
parameters. well trajectories. areas of greatest
contact force were identified for installation of
NRDPP5 for casing wear protection.

....
Ultrasonic imaging tool was used to measure
40U ... casing thickness, Comparisons between
predicted and actual casing wear throughout the
casing trajcctoty were made. Comparisons of
regions where NRDPPs were not placed sho~ved
good agreement between predicted and
~ 3500m
measured casing thickness.
4100m
200
4600m Comparisons of predicted and actual casing
5000m wear at locations prowetcd by NRDPPs were
5200m made for the first WCIL In the tophole region of
100
high contact forces. casing wear was predicted
to be 20-8(Y?40the first JJen. The actual wear ~~as
measured at approximately So/O.which was the
0
baseline for the study.
xl 120 15U
rpm rpm rpm
Comparisons were made for the second well that
experienced longer rotating hours within casing
because of sidetracking. Wear predictions
anticipated loss of 30-900%of the casing
6.4 New Zealand
thickness. Actual wear }~ith NRDPPs was 5-
While drilling two ERD \vells offshore New 3070.
Zealand. extensive problems were experienced
with high surface torque of 25.000 ft-lbs stalling Figure 10 shows a comparison of predicted
the top drive and reactive torque at the bit percentage wall thickness loss and actual casing
causing loss of tool face orientation. The result wear of the first well in Ncw Zealand using
was difficulty in achieving directional objectives NRDPPS.
and significant time loss.

During drilling of the 8- 1/2 inch hole section.

NRDPPs \vere installed Mith the objecti~es of

. Minimizing casing wear in the 9-5/8 inch

casing

168
Figure 10. Casing Wear versus Depth for a NeN
Zealand Well using NRDPPs
t
60-
70- + Predicted
+ Actual
60-
1
40
30
20
10
0 o~cr 100/. of the string length in a 9-5/8 inch
01 234567891
0 00 0 00 00
0000000000
Depth(m)
Inaddi~lon. rotan toqueswcrere ducetoallo~~
completion of both WCIIS.
6.5 Benefits of NRDPPs for Drillstring
Vibration
Axial. (orsional. and lateral vibrations of drill
strings arc of importance beeausc of polential
damage drill strings. Bottom Hole Assemblies
(BHA). and surface eqniprncnt. Vlbrationai
damage can result in component failures and
slower penetration rates increasing well costs,
Sc\eral reports ha~e shown reduction of drill
string \ibration with the use of NRDPPs.
Smoother bit runs and longevity of top drive
bearings are reported in Alaska with the use of
NRDPP.
The benefit from (he use of NRDPP discussed
herein with regard to drill string tibration is the
pre~ention of whirl where the protectors are
applied. Because the drill pipe is not in contact
~vith the hole wall. the tendcnq for the drill
pipe to climb the hole wall and fall back is
eliminated. The process of climbing and falling
produces the characteristic !vhipping motion
with high accelerations. The tendcnq to climb
would hTicaHy occur at points of high de~iation
along the \vcll tmrc. and arc also hpically where
drill pipe protectors are place thus providing
additional bcnctits,
NRDPPs offer [hree advantages to reduce drill
string \ibration --
+ Material dampening from the NRDPP
slce~c material
9 Reduced N hirl dlamcter of drill pipe
because of NRDPP OD
Prc\cnt ion of drill pipe wall gripping
(prewntion of whid that is. -climb and
fall. lJ here protectors are installed
For 5 inch drill string uith protectors installed
casing. it is estimated ~that NRDPP protectors
00 could produce a 100/0reduction in whirl
amplitude. Mhich is consistent \vith field
u observations.
7. Conclusions
The conclusions from this from this paper arc
the follo~~ing:
NRDPPs can contribute to reduce drill
string torque by 10-30/0
NRDPPs do pre~ent casing ~~ear by
prclcnting tool joints from contacting
casing Nhere applied
NRDPPs should be part of ERD Torque
Reduction Plans
a. Bibliography
I Ted, ME., what-s Happening m Drilhng.
World oil. Novemkr 1994.
2. Santosdano, V , Krepp. A. N.. Extencled Reach
l)rillmg Advancements Ihrnatically Improve
Performance on Bass Strait Wells, SPF.28777,
Presented at SPE AsM Pacific (hl & Gas
Conference held in Melbowme. Australia, 7-10.
November 1W-t
3. f)au son. R , & Pasta}, R.R.. -I)rillpqw Bucldmg
in Inclined Iloles. SP1 1I 167, Sept. 1982
169
4. I)ykstra. M. W., Chen, D.C-K., Warwn, TM.. 9. Acknowledgments
.&ar, J.J.. Drillstring Component Mass Rmtem Well Tool would like to acknowledge contributions to
Imbalance: A major Source of Dcmnhok this paper b} and .lrnerada Hess Corporatmm and several
Vibrations, SPEYIDAC 29350.1995 SPIYL4DC Shell companies.
Drilling Conference. Amsterdam I;eh. 28- Mar
2, 1995,

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