Atty.%Galeons%Slides% international% law,! such! areas! must! now! deemed! to!!

National%Territory% belong! and! subject! ! to! the! sovereignty! of! the!

% Philippines;!
1935%Constitution% Whereas,!while!other!states!have!laid!claims!to!some!
! ! of! these! areas,! their! claims! have! lapsed! by!
The! Philippines! comprises! all% the% territory% ceded% to% the% abandonment% and% cannot% prevail% over% that% of% the%
United%States%by%the%Treaty%of%Paris!concluded!between!the! Philippines% on% legal,% historical,% and% equitable%
United! States! and! Spain! on! the! tenth! day! of! December,! grounds.%!
eighteen! hundred! and! ninety<eight,! the! limits! which! are! set! !
forth!in!Article!III!of!said!treaty,!together!with!all% the% islands% RA%9522%(2008%Baseline%Law)%
embraced% in% the% treaty% concluded% at% Washington% between% %
the% United% States% and% Spain% on! the! seventh! day! of! Identical!baseline!with!1961!Baseline!Law!(RA!5446)!
November,! nineteen! hundred,! and! the! treaty% concluded% The!Kalayaan!Island!Group!declared!as!belonging!and!
between%the%United%States%and%Great%Britain!on!the!second! subject! to! the! sovereignty! of! the! Philippines! under!
day!of!January,!nineteen!hundred!and!thirty,%and%all%territory% Presidential! Decree! No.! 1596,! and! the! Scarborough!
over% which% the% present% Government% of% the% Philippine% Shoal,! over! which! the! Philippines! exercises!
Islands%exercises%jurisdiction.%%%! sovereignty! and! jurisdiction,! shall! be! considered! as!
! regime% of% islands% of% the% Republic% of% the%
1973%Constitution% Philippines%under%Article%121%of%the%United%Nations%
% Convention%on%the%Law%of%the%Sea%(UNCLOS).!
! The! national! territory! comprises! the! Philippine! This! act! shall! be! without% prejudice% to% Philippine%
archipelago,! with! all! the! islands! and! waters! embraced! dominion% and% sovereignty% over% all% portions% of% the%
therein,! and! all! the! other! territories! belonging! to! the! national% territory! as! defined! under! Article! 1! of! the!
Philippines! by! historic% right% or% legal% title,! including! the! Constitution! of! the! Republic! of! the! Philippines! and!
territorial! sea,! the! airspace,! the! subsoil,! the! seabed,! the! by!applicable!law.!!
insular!shelves!and!the!other!submarine!areas!over!which!the! !
Philippines! has! sovereignty% or% jurisdiction.! The! waters! Other%Relevant%Marcos%Issuances%
around,! between! and! connecting! the! islands! of! the! %
archipelago,! irrespective! or! their! breadth! and! dimensions,! Presidential% Proclamation% No.% 370,! declaring! as!
form!part!of!the!internal!waters!of!the!Philippines.!!!!! subject!to!the!jurisdiction!and!control!of!the!Republic!
! of! the! Philippines! all% mineral% and% other% natural%
RA%5446%(1968%Baseline%Law)% resources%in%the%continental%shelf.!(March!20,!1968)!
% Presidential% Decree% No.% 1599,! establishing! an!
The! definition! of! the! baselines! of! the! territorial! sea! Exclusive% Economic% Zone% and% for% other% purposes.!
of!the!Philippine!Archipelago!as!provided!in!this!Act! (June!11,!1978)!
without!prejudice!to!the!delineation!of!the!baselines! !
of! the! territorial! sea! around! the! territory! of! Sabah,! 1987%Constitution%
over! which! the! Philippines! has! acquired! ! dominion! %
and!sovereignty.!!!!! ! The! national! territory! comprises! the% Philippine%
! archipelago,% with% all% the% islands% and% waters% embraced%
Kalayaan%Islands%Group% therein,! and! all% the% other% territories% over% which% the%
! Philippines% has% sovereignty% or% jurisdiction,! consisting! of! its!
Presidential! Decree! No.! 1596,! declaring! certain! part! of! the! terrestrial,! fluvial! and! aerial! domains,! including! its! territorial!
Philippine!territory! sea,! the! seabed,! the! subsoil,! the! insular! shelves,! and! other!
and!providing!for!their!government!and!administration.!(June! submarine! areas.! The! waters! around,! between,! and!
11,!1978)! connecting!the!islands!of!the!archipelago,!regardless!of!their!
Whereas,!by!reason!of!their!proximity!the!cluster!of! breadth! and! dimensions,! form! part! of! the! internal! waters! of!
islands! and! islets! in! the! South! China! Sea! situated! the!Philippines.!!!!!
within! the! following:! Kalayaan! Island! Groups! are% !
vital% to% the% security% and% economic% survival% of% the% Old%Philippine%Baseline%Law%
Philippines;! %
Whereas,! much! of! the! above! area! is! part! of! the! ! Republic) Act) No.) 3046,! An$ Act$ to$ Define$ the$
continental!margin!of!the!Philippine!archipelago;! Baselines$ of$ the$ Territorial$ Sea$ of$ the$ Philippines$ (17$ June$
Whereas,! these! areas! do! not! legally! belong! to! any! 1961),$ as$ amended$ by$ Republic) Act) No.) 5446,$ An$ Act$ to$
state! or! nation! but,! by! reason! of! history,% Define$ the$ Baselines$ of$ the$ Territorial$ Sea$ of$ the$ Philippines$
indispensable% need,% and% effective% occupation% and% (18$September$1968)!
control% established% in% accordance% with% the%
 All!the!waters%around,%between%and%connecting%the!
various! islands! of! the! Philippine! archipelago,!
irrespective! of! their! width! or! dimension! [are]%
necessary% appurtenances% of% the% land% territory,!
forming! part! of! the! inland! or! internal! waters! of! the!
Philippines.!
In! addition,! all% the% waters% beyond% the% outermost%
islands% of% the% archipelago,! but! within! the! limits! of!
the!Treaty!of!Paris!comprise!the!territorial!sea!of!the!
Philippines.!
Finally,!this!statute!indicates% that% the% baselines% will%
consist%of%straight%lines!joining!appropriate!points!of!
the!outermost!islands!of!the!archipelago.!!!
! !
! 2) Those! born! in! the! Philippine! Islands! of! foreign!
!
UNCLOS%
%
Ratified!by!the!Philippines!on!August%1983!
An!archipelagic!state!may!draw%straight%archipelagic%
baselines! joining! the! outermost% points% of% the%
outermost% islands% and% drying% reefs! of! the!
archipelago.!(Art.!47,!Sec.!1,!UNCLOS)!
The! drawing! of! such! baselines! shall% not% depart% to%
any% appreciable% extent% from% the% general%
configuration% of% the% archipelago.! (Art.! 47,! Sec.! 3,!
UNCLOS)!
!
UNCLOS%
%
The!waters%within%the%baselines%shall!be!considered!
internal!waters;!
Territorial! waters! ! 12! nautical! miles! from! the!
baselines;!
Contiguous! Zone! ! 24! nautical! miles! from! the!
baselines;!
Exclusive!Economic!Zone!<<!!200!nautical!miles!from!
the!baselines.!
Magallona% vs.% Ermita!
G.R.!No.!187167,!July!16,!2011!
!
UNCLOS% III% and% its% ancillary% baselines% laws% play! no!
role!in!the!acquisition,!enlargement!or,!as!petitioners!
claim,! diminution! of! territory.! Under! traditional!
international! law! typology,! States% acquire% territory%
through% occupation,% accretion,% cession% and%
prescription,! not! by! executing! multilateral! treaties!
on! the! regulations! of! sea<use! rights! or! enacting!
statutes!to!comply!with!the!treatys!terms!to!delimit!
maritime! zones! and! continental! shelves.! Territorial%
claims%to%land%features%are%outside%UNCLOS%III,%and%
are% instead% governed% by% the% rules% on% general%
international%law.!
UNCLOS!III!has!nothing!to!do!with!the!acquisition!(or!
loss)!of!territory.!It!is!a!multilateral!treaty!regulating,!
among!others,!sea<use!rights!over!maritime!zones.!!
!
Citizenship%
!
! Membership! in! a! political! community! which! is!
personal!and!more!or!less!permanent!in!character.!
! Nationality!is!membership!in!an!ethnic,!social,!racial!
and! cultural! group,! while! citizenship! is! membership!
in!a!political!society.!
!
Citizens%under%the%1935%Constitution%
!
(Sec.!1,!Article!III)!
1) Those! who! are! citizens! of! the! Philippine! Islands! at!
the!time!of!the!adoption!of!this!Constitution.!
parents! who,! before! the! adoption! of! this!
Constitution,!had!been!elected!to!public!office!in!the!
Philippine!Islands.!
3) Those!whose!fathers!are!citizens!of!the!Philippines.!!
4) Those!whose!mothers!are!citizens!of!the!Philippines!
and,! upon! reaching! the! age! of! majority,! elect!
Philippine!citizenship.!
5) Those!who!are!naturalized!in!accordance!with!law.!
!
Filipino% Citizens%% Comparison%
(under%Par.%1,%Sec.%1,%Art.%III,%1935%Constitution)% !
! !!!1935!Constitution!
a)!! Persons!born!in!the!Philippines!who!resided!therein! 1) Those! who! are! citizens! of! the! Philippine! Islands! at!
on! April! 11,! 1899,! and! were! Spanish! subjects! on! that! date,! the!time!of!the!adoption!of!this!Constitution.!
unless! they! had! lost! their! citizenship! on! or! before! the! 2) Those! born! in! the! Philippine! Islands! of! foreign!
adoption!of!the!Philippine!Constitution!on!May!14,!1935!(Phil.$ parents! who,! before! the! adoption! of! this!
Bill$of$1902$and$Jones$Law$of$1916);! Constitution,!had!been!elected!to!public!office!in!the!
! Philippine!Islands.!
b)!! Natives! of! Peninsular! Spain! who! resided! in! the! 3) Those!whose!fathers!are!citizens!of!the!Philippines.!!
Philippines! on! April! 11,! 1899,! and! who! did! not! declare! their! 4) Those!whose!mothers!are!citizens!of!the!Philippines!
intention!of!preserving!their!Spanish!nationality!between!that! and,! upon! reaching! the! age! of! majority,! elect!
date! and! October! 11,! 1900,! unless! they! had! lost! their! Philippine!citizenship.!
citizenship!by!May!14,!1935!(Phil.$Bill$of$1902$and$Jones$Law$ 5) Those!who!are!naturalized!in!accordance!with!law.!
of$1916);!!!! !
! !!!!!!!!!1973!&!1987!Constitutions!
c)!Spanish!subjects!who!resided!in!the!Philippines!on!April!11,! 1) Those!who!are!citizens!of!the!Philippines!at!the!time!
1899,! and! who! did! not! declare! their! intention! of! preserving! of!!the!adoption!of!this!Constitution.!
their! Spanish! nationality! between! that! date! and! October! 11,! 2) Those! whose! fathers! or$ mothers! are! citizens! of! the!
1900,! unless! they! had! lost! their! citizenship! by! May! 14,! 1935! Philippines.!!
(Phil.$Bill$of$1902$and$Jones$Law$of$1916);$ 3) Those! who! elect! Philippine! citizenship! pursuant! to!
! the! provisions! of! the! Constitution! of! 1935.! (Those$
d)!! Children!born!of!(a),!(b),!and!(c)!subsequent!to!April! born$ before$ January$ 17,$ 1973,$ of$ Filipino$ mothers,$
11,! 1899,! unless! they! had! lost! their! citizenship! by! May! 14,! who$ elect$ Philippine$ citizenship$ upon$ reaching$ the$
1935!(Phil.$Bill$of$1902$and$Jones$Law$of$1916);$ age$of$majority)!
! 4) Those!who!are!naturalized!in!accordance!with!law.!!!!
e)!! Persons! who! became! naturalized! citizens! of! the! ! !
Philippines!in!accordance!with!the!formal!procedure!set!for!in! Provisions% on% Marriage%
the! Naturalization! Law! since! its! enactment! on! March! 1920! under%the%1973%and%1987%Constitution%
(Act!No.!2927),!unless!they!had!lost!their!citizenship!by!May! !
14,!1935.!! ! 1973!
! ! !
f)! ! Children! of! persons! embraced! under! (e),! unless! they! had! ! Section! 2,! Article! III:! A! female! citizen! of! the!
lost!their!citizenship!by!May!14,!1935.! Philippines! who! marries! an! alien! shall! retain! her! Philippine!
! citizenship,! unless! by! her! act! or! omission! she! is! deemed,!
g)! ! Filipino! women! who,! after! having! lost! Philippine! under!the!law,!to!have!renounced!her!citizenship!!!!!
citizenship! by! marriage! to! foreigners,! had! subsequently! ! 1987!
become! widows! and! regained! Philippine! citizenship! on! or! ! !
before!May!14,!1935.! ! Section! 4,! Article! IV:! Citizens! of! the! Philippines! who!
! marry! aliens! shall! retain! their! citizenship,! unless! by! their! act!
h)! ! Children! of! ! (g),! above,! who! were! still! under! 21! years! of! or! omission! they! are! deemed,! under! the! law,! to! have!
age!at!the!time!their!mothers!regained!Philippine!citizenship.! renounced!it.!
! !
i)!!Foreign!women!who!married!Filipino!citizens!on!or!before! Naturalcborn%Citizen%
May! 14,! 1935,! provided! that! they! themselves! could! be! !
lawfully! naturalized,! provided! further! that! they! had! not! lost! ! 1973!Constitution!!
Philippine! citizenship! by! May! 14,! 1935! and! provided! finally! Sec.!4,!Art.!III:!
that! their! Filipino! citizenship! had! been! so! declared! by! ! A! natural<born! citizen! is! one! who! is! a! citizen! of! the!
judgment!of!a!court!of!justice!in!the!proper!naturalization!or! Philippines! from! birth! without! having! to! perform! any! act! to!
citizenship!proceedings.! acquire!or!perfect!his!Philippine!citizenship.!!!
! !
j)!!! All!other!persons!born!in!the!Philippines!who,!on!the! ! 1987!Constitution!
strength! of! the! erroneous! recognition! of! the! jus$ soli! ! Sec.!2,!Art.!IV:!
doctrine,! were! mistakenly! declared! by! the! courts! to! be! ! Natural<born! citizens! are! those! who! are! citizens! of!
Filipino!citizens,!unless!they!had!lost!their!citizenship!by!May! the!Philippines!from!birth!without!having!to!perform!any!act!
14,!1935.!!!!!!! to! acquire! or! perfect! their! Philippine! citizenship.! Those$ who$
!
elect$ Philippine$ citizenship$ in$ accordance$ with$ paragraph$ (3),$ f)! ! Enrolled! his! minor! children! of! school! age! in! any! of! the!
Section$1$hereof$shall$be$deemed$naturalPborn$citizens.!! public! or! private! schools! recognized! by! the! Government!
! where!Philippine!history,!government!and!civics!are!taught!as!
Kinds% of% Citizens%% part! of! the! school! curriculum,! during! the! entire! period! of!
under%the%1987%Constitution%%% residence! in! the! Philippines! required! of! him! prior! to! the!
! hearing!of!his!petition!for!naturalization.!!!!!!
! Natural<Born!Citizens! !
! Naturalized!Citizens! DISQUALIFICATIONS:!
! Those!who!are!!
Modes%of%Acquiring%Philippine%Citizenship% a)!! Those! who! are! opposed! to! organized! government!
! affiliated! with! any! association! or! group! of! persons! who!
! BY!BIRTH! uphold! and! teach! doctrines! opposing! all! organized!
! Jus$sanguinis!!citizenship!by!blood! governments;!
! Jus$soli!!citizenship!by!place!of!birth! b)! Defending!or!teaching!the!success!or!predominance!
! BY!NATURALIZATION!!The!act!of!formally!adopting!a! of!their!ideas;!
foreigner! into! the! political! body! of! a! nation! by! c)! Polygamists!or!believers!in!polygamy;!
clothing!him!or!her!with!privileges!of!a!citizen.!! d)!! Convicted!of!a!crime!involving!moral!turpitude;!
% e)!! Suffering! from! mental! alienation! or! incurable!
Naturalization%under%Philippine%Law% contagious!disease;!
! f)!! ! who,!during!the!period!of!their!residence!in!
! Judicial!Naturalization! the!!! Philippines,! have! not! mingled! socially! with! the!
! (Commonwealth! Act! No.! 473,! as! amended! by! ! Filipinos,! or! who! have! not! evinced! a! sincere! desire!
Republic!Act!No.!530)! ! to! learn! and! embrace! the! customs,! traditions! and!
! Administrative!Naturalization! ! ideals!of!the!Filipinos;!
! (Administrative! Naturalization! under! Republic! Act! g)!! Citizens! or! subjects! of! nations! with! whom! the!
No.!9139)! ! Philippines!is!at!war,!during!the!period!of!such!war;!
! Legislative!Naturalization!by!Congressional!Act.!! h)!! Citizens! or! subject! of! a! foreign! country! whose! laws!
! ! ! do!! not! grant! Filipinos! the! right! to! become!
C.A.%473,%as%amended%by%R.A.%530% ! naturalized!citizens!or!subjects!thereof.!!!!!
! !
QUALIFICATIONS%OF%THE%APPLICANT:! Procedure%(C.A.%473)%
a)!not!less!than!21!years!of!age!on!the!date!of!the!hearing!of! !
the!petition;! 1)! Filing! with! Office! of! the! Solicitor! General! of! a!
b)! resided! in! the! Philippines! for! a! continuous! period! of! not! declaration!of!intention!to!become!a!Filipino!citizen,!at!least!1!
less!than!10!years.!! year! prior! to! the! filing! of! the! petition! in! the! proper! court,!
!!!!It!may!be!reduced!to!5!years!if:!! except:!
! (a)!!he!honorably!held!office!in!Government;!! a) Those! born! in! the! Philippines! and! have!
! (b)!established!a!new!industry!or!introduced!a!useful! received! their! primary! and! secondary!
invention!in!the!!!!!!Philippines;!! education! in! public! or! private! schools!
! (c)!!married!to!a!Filipino!woman;!! recognized! by! the! Government! and! not!
! (d)!!been!engaged!as!a!teacher!in!the!Philippines!(in! limited!to!any!race!or!nationality;!
a!public!or!private!! !!school! not! established! for! the! b) Those!who!resided!in!the!Philippines!for!30!
exclusive!instruction!of!persons!of!a!! !!particular! years! or! more! before! the! filing! of! the!
nationality!or!race)!or!in!any!of!the!branches!of!education!! !! petition,! and! enrolled! his! children! in!
or!industry!for!a!period!of!2!years;!and!! elementary! and! high! schools! recognized! by!
! (e)!!born!in!the!Philippines.!!!!! the!Government!and!not!limited!to!any!race!
c)!good!moral!character;!believes!in!the!principles!underlying! or!nationality;!and!
the!Philippine!Constitution;!must!have!conducted!himself!in!a! c) Widow! and! minor! children! of! an! alien! who!
proper!and!irreproachable!manner!during!the!entire!period!of! has! declared! his! intention! to! become! a!
his! residence! in! the! Philippines! in! his! relations! with! the! citizen!of!the!Philippines!and!dies!before!he!
constituted! government! as! well! as! the! community! in! which! is!actually!naturalized.!!!!
he!is!living;! !
d)! own! real! estate! in! the! Philippines! worth! not! less! than! 2)!! Filing! of! the! petition! with! the! appropriate! Regional!
P5,000.00,! or,! must! have! some! known! lucrative! trade,! Trial!Court,!together!with!the!affidavits!of!2!credible,!citizens!
profession!or!lawful!occupation;! of! the! Philippines,! who! personally! know! the! petitioner! (as!
e)!speak!and!write!English!or!Spanish!and!any!of!the!principal! character!witnesses).!
Philippine!languages;!
3)!! Publication!of!the!petition!in!the!Official!Gazette!and! a) If! it! is! shown! that! said! naturalization! certificate! was!
in! a! newspaper! of! general! circulation! in! the! province! where! obtained!fraudulently;!
the!applicant!resides,!once!a!week!for!3!consecutive!weeks.! b) If,!within!5!years,!he!returns!to!his!native!country!or!
4)!! Hearing!of!the!petition! to! some! foreign! country! and! establishes! residence!
5)!! If!the!petition!is!approved,!there!will!be!a!rehearing! there;! provided,! that! 1<year! stay! in! the! native!
two!years!after!the!promulgation!of!the!judgment!to!establish! country,! or! 2<year! stay! in! a! foreign! country! shall! be!
the!following:! prima! facie! evidence! of! intent! to! take! up! residence!
! a)!applicant!has!not!left!the!Philippines;! in!the!same;!
! b)!dedicated!himself!continuously!to!a!lawful!calling! c) Petition! was! made! on! an! invalid! declaration! of!
or!profession;! intention;!
! c)! not! been! convicted! of! any! offense! or! violation! of! d) Minor! children! failed! to! graduate! through! the! fault!
rules;!and! of!the!parents,!either!by!neglecting!to!support!them!
! d)!not!committed!an!act!prejudicial!to!the!interest!of! or!by!transferring!them!to!another!school;!
the! nation! or! contrary! to! any! Government<! ! announced! e) Petitioner!allowed!himself!to!be!used!as!dummy.!!!
policies!!! !
6)!! Oath<taking! and! issuance! of! the! Certificate! of! Who%may%institute%denaturalization%proceedings:%
Naturalization! !
! ! Section!18,!C.A.!No.!473!
Effects%of%Naturalization%(C.A.%473)% ! Upon!motion!made!in!the!proper!proceedings!by!the!
% Solicitor! General! or! his! representative,! or! by! the! proper!
! On!the!wife:! Provincial! Fiscal,! the! competent! judge! may! cancel! the!
<! vests! citizenship! on! the! wife! provided! that! she! is! not! naturalization!certificate.!!
disqualified!to!be!a!citizen!of!the!Philippines!under!Section!4! !
of!C.A.!473.!It!is!not!anymore!necessary!for!an!alien!woman!to! Effect%of%Denaturalization%
institute! ! naturalization! proceedings.! All! she! has! to! do! is! to! !
file! before! the! Bureau! of! Immigration! and! Deportation! a! ! If! the! ground! of! the! denaturalization! affects! the!
petition! for! the! cancellation! of! her! Alien! Certificate! of! intrinsic!validity!of!proceedings,!the!denaturalization!
Registration.! (Moy$ Ya$ Lim$ Yao$ vs.$ Commissioner$ of$ shall! divest! the! wife! and! children! of! their! derivative!
Immigration,$G.R.$No.$LP21289)!!! naturalization.!
! ! If! the! ground! was! personal! to! the! denaturalized!
! On%Minor%Children! Filipino,! his! wife! and! children! shall! retain! their!
A)! If!born!BEFORE!naturalization:! Philippine!Citizenship.!!
! 1)!If!born!in!the!Philippines!!is!a!Filipino! !
! ! Administrative% Naturalization%
! 2)!If!born!outside!the!Philippines! (R.A.%9139)%
! ! 2.01.! if! dwelling! in! the! Philippines! at! the! !
time!of!the!parents!naturalization!!is!a!Filipino! QUALIFICATIONS:!
! ! 2.02.! If! dwelling! outside! the! Philippines! at! Applicant!must!be:!
the! time! of! parents! naturalization! ! is! a! Filipino! only! during! 1)! Born! in! the! Philippines! and! residing! therein! since!
his!minority!unless!he!permanently!resides!in!the!Philippines! birth;!
when! still! a! minor,! in! which! case! he! will! continue! to! be! a! 2)! Not!be!less!than!18!years!of!age!at!the!time!of!filing!
Philippine!citizen!even!after!becoming!of!age!!! his/her!petition;!
! 3)! Be! of! good! moral! character! and! believes! in! the!
B)! If!born!AFTER!naturalization:! underlying! principles! of! the! Constitution! and! must! have!
! 1)!If!born!in!the!Philippines!!is!a!Filipino! conducted! himself/herself! in! a! proper! and! irreproachable!
! ! manner! during! his/her! entire! period! of! residence! in! the!
! 2)! If! born! outside! the! Philippines! ! shall! be! Philippines! and! in! his! relations! with! the! duly! constituted!
considered! a! Philippine! citizen,! unless! within! one! year! after! government!as!well!as!with!the!community!in!which!he/she!is!
reaching! the! age! of! majority! he! fails! to! register! himself! as! a! living;!!!
Philippine! citizen! at! the! Philippine! consulate! of! the! country! 4) Have! received! his/her! primary! and! secondary!
where! he! resides! and! to! take! the! necessary! oath! of! education!in!any!public!school!or!private!educational!
allegiance.!! institution! duly! recognized! by! the! Department! of!
! Education,!where!Philippine!history,!government!and!
Cancellation% of% Naturalization% civics!are!taught!and!prescribed!as!part!of!the!school!
(C.A.%473)% curriculum! and! where! enrolment! is! not! limited! to!
! any!race!or!nationality,!provided!that!should!he/she!
 have!minor!children!of!school!age,!he/she!must!have! !
enrolled!them!in!similar!schools;! Cancellation%of%Administrative%Naturalization%
5) !!!Have!a!known!trade,!business,!profession!or!lawful! !
occupation,!from!which!he/she!derives!income! ! The!Special!Committee!on!Naturalization!may!cancel!
sufficient!for!his/her!support!and!that!of!his/her! certificates!of!naturalization!on!any!or!all!of!the!grounds:!
family;!provided!that!this!shall!not!apply!to! 1)! If! the! naturalized! person! or! his! duly! authorized!
applicants!who!are!college!degree!holders!but!are! representative! made! any! false! statement! or!
unable!to!practice!their!profession!because!they!are! misrepresentation! or! committed! any! violation! of! law,! rules!
disqualified!to!do!so!by!reason!of!their!citizenship;! and! regulations! in! connection! with! the! petition,! of! if! he!
6) Be! able! to! read,! write! and! speak! Filipino! or! any! of! obtains!Philippine!citizenship!fraudulently!or!illegally;!!
the!dialects!of!the!Philippines;!and! 2)!! If,! within! five! years,! he! shall! establish!
7) Have! mingled! with! the! Filipinos! and! evinced! a! ! permanent!! residence! in! a! foreign! country,!
sincere!desire!to!learn!and!embrace!the!customs!and! ! provided!that!! remaining! for! more! than! 1!
traditions!and!ideals!of!the!Filipino!people.! ! year!in!his!country!of!! origin! or! 2! years! in! any!
! ! foreign!country!shall!be!! prima! facie! evidence!
R.A.%No.%9139% ! of!intent!to!permanently!! reside!therein;!
!! 3)!! If!he!allowed!himself!or!wife!or!child!with!! acquired!
DISQUALIFICATIONS! citizenship!to!be!used!as!dummy;!
!!same!as!those!provided!in!C.A.!473<! 4)!! If! he,! his,! wife! or! child! with! acquired! citizenship!
!! ! commits!any!act!inimical!to!national!security.!
R.A.%No.%9139% !
! Loss% of% Philippine% Citizenship%
PROCEDURE:! (C.A.%No.%63)%
1)! Filing!of!the!petition!with!the!Special!Committee!on! !
Naturalization;! a)!! By!naturalization!in!a!foreign!country!
2)! Publication! of! the! pertinent! portions! of! the! petition! ! Modified! by! R.A.! 9225! (Citizenship!
once! a! week! for! three! consecutive! weeks! in! a! newspaper! of! Retention! and! Re<acquisition! Act;!
general!circulation!and!posting!of!the!petition!in!any!public!or! Sept.!17,!2003)!!
conspicuous! area,! and! furnishing! copies! thereof! to! the! b)! By!express!renunciation!of!citizenship!
Department! of! Foreign! Affairs,! Bureau! of! Immigration! and! c)! By! subscribing! to! an! oath! of! allegiance! to! support!
Deportation,!Civil!Registrar!of!petitioners!place!of!residence,! the!Constitution!of!a!foreign!country!upon!attaining!21!years!
and! the! National! Bureau! of! Investigation,! which! shall! post! of! age;! provided,! however,! that! a! Filipino! may! not! divest!
copies! of! such! petition! in! any! public! or! conspicuous! place! in! himself! of! Philippine! citizenship! in! any! manner! while! the!
their!buildings!or!offices;! Republic!of!the!Philippines!is!at!war!with!any!country.!!
3)!Within!30!days!from!receipt!of!their!copies!of!the!petition,! ! Modified!by!R.A.!9225!
the! DFA,! BID,! LCR,! and! NBI! will! submit! to! the! Special! d)!By!rendering!service!to!or!accepting!commission!in!the!
Committee!on!Naturalization!a!report!stating!whether!or!not! armed!forces!of!a!foreign!country;!provided,!that!the!
petitioner! has! any! derogatory! record! on! file,! or! any! such! rendering!of!service!to,!or!acceptance!of!such!commission!in,!
relevant!and!material!information!which!might!be!adverse!to! the!armed!forces!of!a!foreign!country!and!the!taking!of!oath!
petitioners!application!for!citizenship.!If!there!is!any!adverse! of!allegiance!incident!thereto,!with!consent!of!the!Republic!of!
report,! the! Committee! shall! allow! the! petitioner! to! answer,! the!Philippines,!shall!not!divest!a!Filipino!of!his!Philippine!
explain,!or!refute!the!same;! citizenship!if!either!of!the!following!circumstances!is!present:!
4)!The!committee!shall!then!approve!or!deny!the!petition;! ! ! 1)!!!!The!Philippines!has!a!defensive!and/or!
5)!If!petition!is!granted,!the!petitioner!shall!take!an!oath!after! offensive!pact!of!!!!!! alliance!with!the!said!
30!days!from!approval!and!after!payment!of!P100,000.00!!!!! foreign!country;!
! ! ! 2)!! The!said!foreign!country!maintains!
Effects%of%R.A.%No.%9139% armed!forces!in!Philippine!! territory!with!the!
! consent!of!the!Republic!of!the!Philippines.!!
! Wife! and! minor! children! of! the! applicant! may! file! a! !!!
petition! for! cancellation! of! their! alien! certificates! of! e)!! By!cancellation!of!the!certificate!of!!naturalization;!
registration! with! the! Special! Committee! on! f)!! By!having!been!declared!by!competent!
Naturalization.! ! authority!a!deserter!of!the!Philippine!! armed!
! But!if!the!applicant!is!a!married!woman,!the!approval! forces!in!time!of!war,!unless!! subsequently,!a!plenary!
of! the! petition! shall! not! benefit! her! alien! husband,! pardon!or!! amnesty!has!been!granted.!
although!her!minor!children!may!avail!of!the!right!to! !
seek! cancellation! of! their! alien! certificate! of! Reacquisition%of%Philippine%Citizenship%
registration.!!!! !
1)!! Under! R.A.! 9225! ! by! taking! the! oath! of! allegiance!
required!of!the!
! former!natural<born!Filipinos;!
2)!!! By!naturalization!
3)!!! By!repatriation!
! R.A.!965!!for!those!who!rendered!
service! to,! or! accepting!
commission!in,!the!armed!forces!of!
an!allied!foreign!country!during!the!
war.!!!!
! R.A.! 2630! ! for! persons! who! lost!
citizenship!by!rendering!service!to,!
or! accepting! commission,! in! the!
armed!forces!of!the!United!States.!!
! P.D.! 725! <! for! Filipino! women! who!
lost!citizenship!by!marriage!and!for!
natural<born!Filipinos.!
! R.A.! 8171! <! For! Filipino! women!
who!lost!their!citizenship!by!reason!
of! marriage! to! aliens! and! for!
former! natural<born! who! lost!
Filipino! citizenship! on! account! of!
political!or!economic!necessity.!!
4)! By!direct!act!of!Congress!!!
!
Dual%Citizenship/Allegiance%
!
! Section!5,!Article!IV,!1987!Constitution!
! Dual!allegiance!of!citizens!is!inimical!to!the!national!
interest!and!shall!be!dealt!with!by!law.!
!