LAB SKILL 1

Musts before STUDY THE LAB READ THE SAFETY DATA BRING YOUR PERSONAL
starting the lab GUIDE TO GET READY SHEET FOR EACH PROTECTION
FOR THE QUIZ CHEMICAL THAT WILL EQUIPMENT
session BE USED

GLASSWARES AND MEASUREMENTS

SAFETY | WASTE | CHEMICALS | HEALTH | HAZARDOUS

Portraying

chemical hazard information

through pictograms and words
from old and new regulation
systems.

Planning

disposal of waste to reduce risk

from chemical spills or
Fig. 1. NFPA 704 Fire Diamond uses four categories to specify
contamination.
the type of risk: Health, Flammability, Reactivity and Special Codes
for unique hazards. Categories blue, red and yellow contain a
Performing number from zero to four that specifies the degree of the risk.

risk assessment summary to label

chemical solutions.
Producing
safety data and control measures
of hazardous chemical used at the
lab.
Material
googles, gloves, chemicals,
volumetric flasks, sodium
bicarbonate, scissors, safety
data sheets manual, fume hood,
safety station.
SUMMARY
Chemicals are part of our everyday life. While
we need some of them to live, others might be
dangerous and toxic to our body. As chemistry
student you are going to be exposed to supplies
and equipments such as strong acid and bases,
corrosive chemicals, Bunsen burners and hot
plates that could be very
harmful if you do not follow
safety measures. In this first there is no compensation
which should be thought
lab, you will learn the basic on great enough to equalize the
laboratory safety rules, extreme dangers [in mining]
international hazard warning to safety and life.
symbols and best habits to Georgius Agricola
(1494-1555)
conduct lab work safely and
smartly.

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Remember your safety equipment:

put on your goggles, gloves and protecting clothing first, last and always !
Tie up long hair; avoid using
contact lenses, pendants,
necklaces, bracelets or other
kind of jewelry.

Extended
Rated chemicals are assigned an NFPA THE TEN COMMANDMENTS OF LAB SAFETY
704 fire diamond as shown in the 1.Never be in lab without a responsable adult or supervisor.
Figure 1. Categories can contain a
number that represent the degree of
risk as follows: 2.Wear goggles, gloves and protecting clothing first, last and
always.
Health
0. No hazard 3.Make sure to read the guide before to come into the lab.
1. Can cause significant irritation
2. Can cause temporary incapacitation
4.Read always the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) and
or residual injury.
3. Can cause serious or permanent labeling for every chemical you will use prior to the experiment.
injury
4. Can be lethal 5.Dont fool around: dont eat, drink, play or run in lab.
Flammability 6.Never taste or touch any laboratory chemical or sni it directly.
0. Will not burn
1. Must be preheated before ignition
can occur 7.Never use your mouth to fill a pipette.
2. Must be heated or high ambient
temperature to burn 8.Keep it clean!
3. Can be ignited under almost
ambient temperature 9.Stay away from flames.
4. Will vaporize and readily burn at
normal temperature 10.Pay attention to your work, surroundings and attitude
Reactivity
0. Stable
1. Normally stable. High temperature
makes unstable
2. Violent chemical change at high
temperatures or pressures
3. May explode at high temperature or
shock
4. Make explode at normal
temperatures and pressures.

Figure 2. Fume Hood. It provides ventilation to limit exposures to

hazardous or toxic gases, vapors and dusts.

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HAZARD LABELLING SYSTEMS

Hazardous: hazardous chemical is one which is a physical hazard or a health hazard.

Most chemicals in the lab display one or more pictogram (Figure 3) that could help you
to use and manage them safely and smartly. These pictograms and symbols are intended
to provide only general guidance. You could find more information on any specific
chemical by reading the ASSIST Chemical Management Handbook or the CLEAPSS
Student Safety Sheets. Both manual presents a comprehensive safety information for the
safe use and potential hazards associated with each chemical.

The Chemical Hazard Information and Packaging (also known by the short name
CHIP) for supply was the main system used across Great Britain for identifying
hazards chemicals using pictograms and symbols. In June first, 2015 the system was
totally phased out and replaced fully with the new regulation system called
Classification, Labelling and Packaging of Substances (CLP) by EU's implementation of
the Globally Harmonised System on the Classification and Labelling of Chemicals
(GHS).

It is important that you learn to recognize the symbols from both systems since there
might be still chemicals carrying CHIP symbols in circulation.

E F
EXPLOSIVE HIGHLY FLAMMABLE

O C
OXIDIZING CORROSIVE

N
T
DANGEROUS
TOXIC
FOR THE ENVIRONMENT

Xi or Xn
IRRITANT or HARMFUL BIOHAZARD

Table 1. The CHIP hazard symbols shown in the table above have been phased out and replaced by
pictograms of the globally harmonized system (see Table 2).

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LAB SKILL 1

HEALTH ENVIRONMENTAL !

CORROSIVE EXPLOSIVE
HAZARD HAZARD

OXIDESER MODERATE GAS UNDER

TOXIC
HAZARD PRESSURE

Table 2. The new CLP

pictograms are shown
! RISK OF ELECTRIC with a red border on a
LASER
FLAMMABLE RADIOACTIVE
RADIATION SHOCK white background.

!
GLOVES MUST FACE PROTECTION EYE PROTECTION SAFETY OVERALLS
BE WORN MUST BE WORN MUST BE WORN

! !
YOU MUST NOT YOU MUST NOT YOU MUST NOT
USE WATER TO DRINK THIS HAVE NAKED
PUT OUT FIRES WATER FLAMES

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LAB SKILL 1

Students come into the lab thinking
that an accident will never happen.
But you should think in the other
way around! Work as if someone or
something might aect you.
Extended
SPECIAL VOCABULARY
Flammable: any substance having a flash points below 37.8C.
Oxidiser: a species that causes oxidation.
Oxidation: a chemical reaction of a substance with oxygen (O2) or
an oxygen-containing material which adds oxygen atom(s) to the
compound being oxidized.
Pyrophoric: a material that can spontaneously ignite in air or water.

Labeling hazards requieres risk Corrosive: A chemical that causes visible destruction of, or
statements and safety statement irreversible alterations in, living tissue by chemical action at the site
codes with each pictograms. of contact. Acids and bases are common corrosive materials.

HAZARD STATEMENTS Chemophobia: When people fear a substance simply because "it is
a chemical.
heating may cause a
Toxic: a chemical that has a lethal dose.

Safety data sheet (SDS): written or printed material concerning a

heating may cause a hazardous chemical that is prepared in accordance with international
FIRE (H242) standards.

Signal word: a word used to indicate the relative level of severity of

may intensify FIRE,
hazard and alert the reader to a potential hazard on the label (eg.
Oxidiser (H272)

cause serious eyes

DAMAGE (H318)
Fire Shower station

extinguisher
TOXIC if swallowed
(H301)

may cause allergy or

asthma symptoms of
breathing diculties if
inhaled (H334) . New Eyewash
Pictogram

refers to less serious

health hazards such as
skin irritancy/
sensitisation. May
cause an allergic skin
reaction (H317). New Figure 3. Laboratory Emergency Station. Every lab must have lab
Pictogram emergency equipments for general purpose to minimize accident risks. For
example, the emergency shower is used for bodily contamination or chemical
burn meanwhile the eyewash station is used to clean the eyes from any harmful
substance.

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 LAB SKILL 1
ICT integration
VIRTUAL LAB Option A (15 mins)
1. Go to https://goo.gl/GWqVUC, a virtual
platform from BioNetwork.
2. Complete the interaction on the virtual
lab.
3. Bring a copy of your certificate and your
VIDEO (37 mins)
1. Go to https://goo.gl/D3GBBv on
youtube, a video from the American
Chemical Society
2. Watch the whole video and take notes
from the most relevant issues.
3. Bring your notes to the classroom.
OXFORD SCHOOL
LAB SAFETY TUTORIALOption B (20 mins)
1. Go to https://goo.gl/h5VEyU, a virtual
platform from Baruch College.
2. Complete the Lab Tutorial.
3. Complete the quiz, print your certificate
and the reference guide.
POSTER OR ANIMATED VIDEO
Flame Exclamation Mark Health Hazard
Flammable Irritation (skin or eyes) Carcinogenicity
Self-Reactive Skin Sensitization Respiratory Sensitization
Pyrophoric Acute Toxicity (harmful) Reproductive Toxicity
Self-Heating Specific Target Organ Specific Target Organ
Toxicity Single Exposure Toxicity Single or
In Contact with Water, Emits
(drowsiness or dizziness, or Repeated Exposure
Flammable Gases
respiratory irritation)
Germ Cell Mutagenicity
Organic Peroxide
Hazardous to the Ozone Layer
Aspiration Hazard
Skull & Crossbones Exploding Bomb Flame Over Circle
Acute Toxicity (fatal or toxic) Explosive Oxidizer
Self-Reactive (severe)
Organic Peroxide (severe)
Corrosion Gas Cylinder Environment
Corrosive (skin, eyes, or metals) Gas Under Pressure Hazardous to the Aquatic
Environment (acute or long-term)
1. Make a safety mini-poster or a two-minutes
animated video with animaker or another
free software. You can find the instructions
for the poster here https://goo.gl/RzuSH8
2. Bring the poster or the animated video and
share it with the rest of your classmates.
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LAB SKILL 1

Figure 4. Disposal of different waste. Every lab must have lab emergency equipments for general purpose
to minimize accident risks. For example, the emergency shower is used for bodily contamination or chemical
burn meanwhile the eyewash station is used to clean the eyes from any harmful substance.

You also should be familiar with the dierent ways to dispose hazardous waste. You
might be able to flush many of the chemicals down the drain with plenty of water, but
there are others that need dierent treatments. For example, as strong acids and bases
are corrosive, they should be diluted and neutralize (see Figure 4). You could use
sodium bicarbonate for acids and sodium bisulfate or vinegar for bases. Add a few
drops of phenolphthalein solution to the dilute acid or base to see a change of color
when neutralizing. When neutralizing acids, the solution will turn from colorless to
pink. When neutralizing bases, the solutions will turn from pink to colorless. The final
products of both neutralization will be commonly neutral salts and water.

Heavy metal cations are very toxic instead. For separating the heavy metal ion part that
is soluble in water, you have to precipitate it using another substance that turns the
hazardous soluble heavy-metal ion to a much less hazardous insoluble solid. The
precipitate is separated by filtration, dried and added to a hazardous waste container.

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LAB SKILL 1

Lab Activity 1: Conceptual knowledge with understanding

Goal: summarize safety data information of dierent chemical solutions stored in

volumetric flasks.

1. Go to your table and take at look on the dierent chemical in containers located on
your work table.
2. Read the information on the label of each container and use that information and
the information from the SDS of the chemical to fill the Risk Assessment Summary
Form.
3. Cut the Risk Assessment Summary Form shown below to label each after filled
them and paste each of them on its corresponding volumetric flask.
4. Do not forget to write your name and date (operator and date).
5. Go to the next five tables and take a look at what your other classmates have done.

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LAB SKILL 1

SELF-ASSESSMENT SAFETY
CERTIFICATE
NAME: _________________________ STARS: 2

with due regard to safety, I AM COMPETENT in

SKILL DATE Points out of two Teachers signature

Use Safety Equipment

Behave properly during
practical sessions
Recognise and understand
hazard symbols

Reduce risks when acid

spills

Know where is the safety

station and the fume hood
Follow each of the lab
safety commandments
Create risk assessment
summaries

Read the lab guide before

the practical session

Contribute to the
teamwork

Keep tidy and clean the

work

Final Score:________

Remember to put this Certificate into your portfolio

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LAB SKILL 1

Lab Activity 2: Factual and procedural knowledge with analysis

Goal: Analyze a few cases of hazardous chemical managements using previous

information.

1. On your table there is a chemical substance and the only information that you have
is that it is a strong acid. Use that information that you know about a strong acid to
write a label for this substance (use Risk Assessment Summary Form below).
2. On your table, you see a unknown substance in a container without its chemical
label. You want to do a risk assessment summary for labeling the chemical
container. Use the information provided so far to characterize this substances as a
acid, base or a heavy metal ion solution. Write a procedure:
a.__________________________________
b._________________________________
c._________________________________
d._________________________________
e._________________________________
3. There is a strong acid spill over your table. Use the safety data information for acid
spills to treat it.

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Lab Activity 3: Conceptual knowledge with creating

Goal: Research on safety and health.

Two hazardous chemical and one equipment or procedure at the lab that you might
like to know a little bit more and fill a CLEPSS Student Form for Assessing Risk for
them (ask teacher assistant for the form). Use at least two source of information for
each substance or equipment.

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LAB SKILL 1

SOCRATIVE QUIZZ

1. Go to SOCRATIVE Student Login https://b.socrative.com/login/

student/ and tape the room name given by the teacher
2. Put your name or id provided by your chemistry teacher
3. Complete the quiz or the space race

1 2

Ask your teacher for your final score

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REFERENCE

CLEAPSS. Student Safety Data Sheet. 2017.

AS and A Level Practical Skills Handbook-Chemistry and Chemistry B. Oxford
Cambridge and RSA. 2015.
Chemical Management Handbook. ASSIST. Edition 1.
Illustrated Guide to Home Chemistry Experiments. Robert Bruce Thompson.
2008.
Prudent Practices in the Laboratory. National Research Council. 2000.
Hazardous laboratory chemicals disposal guide. Margaret-Ann Armour. 2005.
The Organic Chem Lab Survival Manual: A Students Guide to Techniques.
James W. Zubrick. 2012.
Experimental Organic Chemistry: Laboratory Manual. James W. Zubrick. 2016.
An introduction to CHIP 4. Health and Safety Executive https://goo.gl/fPFF6c
Working with substances hazardous to health. HSE https://goo.gl/Go6bg

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