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INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
COLLEAGE OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF CONSTRUCTION
TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
COURSE TITLE:- WATER WORK
CONSTRUCTION
COURSE CODE:- HENG4142
INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT
Classification of Dams
ACCORDING TO MATERIAL
TIMBER DAM
Made of timber struts and beams
Temporary dam proper construction 30 to
40 years
Adopted timber is plenty
Types
i) A frame type
ii) Rock filled crib
STEEL DAMS
Consists of framework of steel
No Dams in India
Three dams in USA. One failed due to
underpinning
Two types of steel dams
1. Direct strutted type
2. Cantilever type
Direct strut type load directly to foundation
through struts
Cantilever type Struts anchored into foundation
NON RIGID DAMS
EARTH DAMS
locally available materials
Moderate height
Materials used in natural state
With modern machinery height greater
ROCK FILL DAM
Rocks of various sizes
Rock fill dam has rock fill at the downstream,
impervious membrane, upstream cut off to check
seepage
12. Discuss the various factors which
govern the selection of a particular type
of dam for a particular project?
the Following are the factors affecting selection
of dam site by dam type.
Topography
Geology and Foundation Conditions
Availability of materials
Spillway size and location
Earth quake zone
Height of the Dam
Road way
Life of the dam
Other factors such as cost of construction and
maintenance, life of dam, aesthetics etc.
1. Topography
Low rolling plains land Earth dam with
separate spillway
A low narrow V shaped valley Arch dam
A narrow stream between high rocky walls
Concrete overflow dam
2. Geology and Foundation Conditions
Foundation of Sound Rock Any dam type
Granite, Gneiss, Schist good for gravity dam
Poor rock Earth dam, rock fill , low concrete
gravity dam
Silt, fine sand foundations problems of
settlement used as foundations for earth dams,
low gravity dams but not rock fill dams
Clay soils problems of settlement earth dams
No gravity or rock fill dams
3. Materials of construction
Cost availability of materials nearby
transportation charges reduced
Sand, Gravel, Crushed stone Concrete Gravity
dam is suitable
Coarse , fine grained soils Earth dam
4. Spillway size and location
If large spillway area needed Overflow
concrete gravity dam
Small spillway capacity earth dam
Large discharges during construction Concrete
gravity dam
No site for spillway Concrete gravity dam
having overflow section
5. Roadway
If roadway needed Earth dam or Gravity dam
6. Length and Height of Dam
Length long, height low earth dam
Small length, height more gravity dam
7. Life of the dam
Concrete and masonry dams very long life
Earth, Rock fill dams Intermediate life
Timber Dams Temporary life
17. Determine :
a. The normal stress;
b. The principal stress;
c. The shear friction factor at base of figure below.
Types of designati dimansion Force vertical (kn) Force Lever +ve -ve
on horizont
force arm
al (kn) moment moment
Self weight *40*80*24 2/3*40=26.7 1024128
W1 38400
W2 9600 40+5/2=42.5
5*80*24
408000
40+5+7.5/2=48.
W3 7200 75
7.5*40*24
351000
=
=
= . =1173194 853440
45+2/3*7.5=50 10000
V2 *80/3*10*7.5*2 2/3*45=30
-2000
180000
2026634.25
= .
-6000 32000 -1230940
V3
*80/3*10*45
=
stability analysis
case 1 when the reservoir is empty condtoin:
position of resultant from the toe
x= 1/ =1949853/58710=33.2m
it is distance from center (eccentricity b/6=52.5/6=8.75 no
tension developed
E = - =52.5-33.2 = -6.96< fails to the left of center
At the heel
. (.
pn = (1- )= (1- ))=-180.48 Kg/
. .
Types of designati dimansion Force vertical (kn) Force Lever +ve -ve
on horizont
force arm
al (kn) moment moment
Self weight *10*20*24 2/3*10=6.7 16008
W1 2400
W3 480
15+1/3*2=15.6
1/2*2*20*24 7 7521.6
= .
ph 1620
*18*18*10
1/3*18=6 9720
+56469
-9720
= . 1620 =
10000
45+2/3*7.5=50
V2 *18/3*10*4*2 13 +2/3
-240 3760.8
*4=15.67
V3
*18/3*10*1 3381.3
2/3*13=8.67
-390
56469
= 1620 -20462.1
= .
=130.8kg/m2
At the heel
.
Pn = (1- ) =5280/17(1- 6( )) =490.36 kg/m2
at the heel
.
Pn = (1- ) =4590/17(1- 6( )) =207.1 kg/m2
Answer
Full reservoir level (FRL):
The full reservoir level (FRL) is the highest water level to
which the water surface will rise during normal operating
conditions.