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MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

Disusun Oleh:
Ratis Oxtavia Zakaria 21115053

Wilda dwi ulayya 21115073

Putri Anggraika 21115086

PROGRAM STUDI ILMU KEPERAWATAN


STIKes MUHAMMADIYAH PALEMBANG
TAHUN AJARAN 2017/2018
A. Definition
Myocardial infarction is a state of infarction or necrosis of the heart muscle due to a
lack of oxygen and oxygen supply to the myocardium (an imbalance between the needs
and needs of myocardial oxygen).
Acute Myocardial Infarction is a heart disease caused by a coronary artery blockage.
Blockage is experienced by the presence of atherosclerotic on the walls of the coronary
arteries, thereby blocking blood flow to the cardiac tissue of the heart.

B. Signs and symptoms


a. Chest pain that occurs suddenly and continuously does not subside, as punctured, Pain
starts spontaneously
b. Dyspnea
c. Pallor
d. Diaphoresis
e. Dizziness
f. Nausea and vomiting

C. Triggers
a. High cholesterol
b. Smoking
c. Obesity
d. Age
e. Hypertansion
f. Stress
g. family history.

D. Complications In Myocardial Infarction


a. Congestive renal failure
Myocardial infarction interferes with myocardial function because it leads to reduced
contractility, causing abnormal wall movement and altering the heart's heart rate.
b. Cardiogenic shock
It is caused by real left ventricular dysfunction after a massive infarction, usually
about a liftie of 40% of the left ventricle
c. Papillary muscle dysfunction
Ischemic dysfunction or rupture of papillary muscle necrosis interferes with the
function of the mitralis valve, allowing the eversion of the valve leaf into the atrium
during systolic
d. Ventricular septum depress
Intercellular septal necrosis may cause septal wall rupture resulting in ventricular
septal depression
e. Heart rupture
The thin necrotic walls are ruptured causing massive bleeding into the relatively
inelastic pericardium sacs that can not develop
f. Thromboembolism
Endothelial necrosis of the ventricles will make the endothelial surface become
coarse that predisposes to thrombus formation. Fractions of intracardiac mural
thrombus may be released and systemic embolization occurs. The second area that
has the potential to form a thrombus is the venous system. Vein embolization will
cause embolism in the lungs.
g. Pericarditis
A transmural infarction can make the epicardium layer directly contact with the
pericardium to become large, stimulating the pericardium surface and causing an
inflammatory reaction, occasionally pericardial effusion or fluid accumulation
between the two layers.
h. Dressler Syndrome
Post myocardial infarction syndrome is a benign inflammatory response
accompanied by pain in the pleuropericardial. It is thought that this syndrome is a
hypersensitivity reaction to a necrotic myocardium
i. Arrhythmias
Arrhythmias arise due to electrophysiological changes in myocardial cells. This
electrophysiological change manifests as a change in the form of an action potential
ie a recording of a graph of electrical activity of a cell

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