STIKes MUHAMMADIYAH PALEMBANG TAHUN AJARAN 2017/2018 A. Definition Myocardial infarction is a state of infarction or necrosis of the heart muscle due to a lack of oxygen and oxygen supply to the myocardium (an imbalance between the needs and needs of myocardial oxygen). Acute Myocardial Infarction is a heart disease caused by a coronary artery blockage. Blockage is experienced by the presence of atherosclerotic on the walls of the coronary arteries, thereby blocking blood flow to the cardiac tissue of the heart.
B. Signs and symptoms
a. Chest pain that occurs suddenly and continuously does not subside, as punctured, Pain starts spontaneously b. Dyspnea c. Pallor d. Diaphoresis e. Dizziness f. Nausea and vomiting
C. Triggers a. High cholesterol b. Smoking c. Obesity d. Age e. Hypertansion f. Stress g. family history.
D. Complications In Myocardial Infarction
a. Congestive renal failure Myocardial infarction interferes with myocardial function because it leads to reduced contractility, causing abnormal wall movement and altering the heart's heart rate. b. Cardiogenic shock It is caused by real left ventricular dysfunction after a massive infarction, usually about a liftie of 40% of the left ventricle c. Papillary muscle dysfunction Ischemic dysfunction or rupture of papillary muscle necrosis interferes with the function of the mitralis valve, allowing the eversion of the valve leaf into the atrium during systolic d. Ventricular septum depress Intercellular septal necrosis may cause septal wall rupture resulting in ventricular septal depression e. Heart rupture The thin necrotic walls are ruptured causing massive bleeding into the relatively inelastic pericardium sacs that can not develop f. Thromboembolism Endothelial necrosis of the ventricles will make the endothelial surface become coarse that predisposes to thrombus formation. Fractions of intracardiac mural thrombus may be released and systemic embolization occurs. The second area that has the potential to form a thrombus is the venous system. Vein embolization will cause embolism in the lungs. g. Pericarditis A transmural infarction can make the epicardium layer directly contact with the pericardium to become large, stimulating the pericardium surface and causing an inflammatory reaction, occasionally pericardial effusion or fluid accumulation between the two layers. h. Dressler Syndrome Post myocardial infarction syndrome is a benign inflammatory response accompanied by pain in the pleuropericardial. It is thought that this syndrome is a hypersensitivity reaction to a necrotic myocardium i. Arrhythmias Arrhythmias arise due to electrophysiological changes in myocardial cells. This electrophysiological change manifests as a change in the form of an action potential ie a recording of a graph of electrical activity of a cell