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GuidetoEthernetComponentsandTerminologyB&BElectronics
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A GUIDE TO ETHERNET COMPONENTS AND TERMINOLOGY
ThepowerofanEthernetLAN(LocalAreaNetwork)istremendouswhenappliedtoafactoryfloororotherindustrialapplication.
However,totakefulladvantageofitsfeatures,itrequiresmorethansimplewireconnectionsfromonedevicetoanother.Following
aredescriptionsandexplanationsofsomeoftheinfrastructuredevicesthatcanmakeyourEthernetLANcomealive.
UnmanagedEthernetswitchesareaplugandplayinstallation.SwitchesincreasethenumberofnodesandthelengthoftheLAN.
Theyaredesignedtodividethenetworkintoseparatecollisiondomains.ThisreducesoveralltrafficonaLAN,improving
communicationspeedandreducingerrors.
Switchesroutecommunicationtothedesiredenddeviceinsteadofbroadcastingthecommunicationtoeveryoneconnectedtothe
LAN.Thisisaccomplishedbytheswitchsabilitytosetupatableofdeviceaddressesconnectedtoeachlegoftheswitch.With
thisinformationtheswitchknowswheretosendeachEthernetpacketonceitisreceived.SeeUnmanagedEthernetSwitches.
diagnosticportstomonitorLANtraffic.Ifcommunicationsfail,mostmanagedswitcheswillalertthemanagerviaemailorby
closingarelaytotriggeranaudiblesignalorflashalight.AnotherfeatureavailableonmanagedswitchesisQoS(Qualityof
Service)programmingwhichprioritizesmessagesensuringimportantdatareceivesthehighestpriorityontheLANsegment.See
ManagedEthernetSwitches.
EthernetHubsareasimplewaytoincreasethenumberofnodes,extendnetworkdistanceswhileintroducingthesmallestamount
oflatency.HubsdontexaminetheEthernetpacketsfordestinationinformationsotheydeliver
thepacketsevenmorequicklythanaswitch.Allmessagesreceivedbythehubaresentoutonalllegstoalltheconnected
devices.Installationisaplugandplayoperation.SeeEthernetHubs.
MediaConverterschangeEthernettwistedpaircopperwiresintofiberopticsignals.Fiberopticisoftenpreferablebecauseitis
impervioustointerferencethatcandisruptthesignalsbeingcarriedbycopper.Becausefibercanextendthedistanceofanetwork
upto2kmineachsegment,mediaconverterscanalsoincreasetherangeofanetwork.SeeMediaConverters.
10BASET10MbpsEthernetcommunicationsoverCategory3orbettercable.
100BASETX100MbpsFastEthernetcommunicationsoverCategory5orbettercable.
10BASEFL10MbpsEthernettransmittedoverfiberopticcable.
100BASEFX100MbpsFastEthernettransmittedoverfiberopticcable.
AutonegotiationAprotocoldefinedintheEthernetstandardthatallowsdevicesateitherendofalinksegmenttoadvertiseand
negotiatemodesofoperationsuchaslinkspeed(10or100Mbps),halforfullduplexoperationandfullduplexflowcontrol.
MDIMediumDependentInterface.Thenamefortheconnectorusedtomakeaphysicalandelectricalconnectionbetweena
transceiverandamediasegment.Forexample,theRJ45styleconnectoristheMDIfor10BASETand100BASETX.
MDIXAnMDIportonahubormediaconverterwithaninternalcrossoverfunction.Astraightthroughcablecanbeusedto
connectastationtothisportsincethesignalcrossoverisperformedinsidetheport.
QualityofService(QoS)SomeswitchessupportQoS(per802.1pand802.1Qstandards)whereintaggedmessagescanbe
assignedoneofeightlevelsofpriority.QoScanbeimportantwheretimecriticalapplicationscanbeaffectedbydatadelays.
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VLANVirtualLocalAreaNetwork.ALANthatmapsstationsonabasisotherthanlocationsuchasbydepartment,usertype
orapplication.Managingtraffic,workstationsandbandwidthcanbeeasierwithaVLAN.
Thisimprovesnetworkefficiency.

StructuredCablingNothinginEthernetislefttochance.Asetofcablingstandardsfordesign,installation,performanceand
testingprovidesastructureforEthernet.(RefertoEIA/TIA568andISO11801)

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