Tutorial 3 Chemical equilibrium (Le Chatelier Principle) and Chemical Equlibria in Aqueous

Solutions

1. Calculate the equilibrium concentrations of A and B in a 0.10 M solution of weak

electrolyte AB with an equilibrium constant of 3.0 x 10-6 . (ANS: 5.5 x 10-4 M)
2. Recalculate the concentration in A in Question 1 above, by assuming that the
solution also contains 0.20 M of B. (ANS: 1.5 x 10-6 M)

3. A reaction mixture initially contains 0.75 M of HI. At equilibrium the concentration

of I2 was found to be 0.30 M. Calculate the equilibrium concentration of HI in the
mixture. (ANS: [HI] = 0.15 M)

4. A reaction mixture initially contains 0.25 M CO and 0.40 M O2. At equilibrium, the
concentration of CO2 is 0.15 M. Calculate Kc
(ANS: 6.92)

5. 2.0 M of I2 and 2.0 M of Br2 are initially present in the reaction mixture. Given the Kc
= 100, calculate the concentration at equilibrium for I2, Br2 and IBr
(ANS: [I2] = [Br2] = 0.33 M , [IBr] = 3.34 M)

6. 2.52 g of H2 and 200 g of Br2 are placed in a 450 ml reaction vessel. Calculate the
equilibrium concentration of HBr in the reaction vessel at 500 K, when the Kc is 400
(ANS: [HBr] = 5.06 M)

7. A mixture of 0.100 mol of NO, 0.050 mol of H2, and 0.100 mol of H2O are placed in a
1.00-liter flask. The following equilibrium is established:

2 NO(g) + 2 H2(g) N2(g) + 2 H2O(g)

At equilibrium, [NO] = 0.070 M.
a) Calculate the equilibrium concentrations of H2, N2, and H2O.
(ANS: [H2] = 0.020 M, [N2] = 0.015 M, [H2O] = 0.130 M)
[ N 2 ] [ H 2 O] 2
b) Write an expression for K for this reaction. (ANS: K = )
[ NO] 2 [ H 2 ] 2
c) Calculate K for this reaction. (ANS: 1.3 x 102 = 130)
d) At equilibrium, how will the concentrations of products compare to the
concentrations of reactants? (ANS: Since K is greater than 1, the concentration of
products is greater than the concentration of reactants; however since K is not
extremely large, some reactants will remain at equilibrium. or something like
that..)
8. At 1500 K, the equilibrium constant for the reaction, N 2(g) + O2(g) 2 NO(g), is
1.0 x 10-5. Calculate the equilibrium concentrations of N2, O2 and NO if, before any
reaction, 0.500 mol of NO is placed in a 1.00-L container.
(ANS: [N2] = 0.25 M; [O2] = 0.25 M; [NO] = 8 x 10-4 M )

9. Consider the following system at equilibrium:

2 N2O(g) 2 N2(g) + O2(g) H = + 163 kJ
a) For each situation below, indicate whether more product or more reactant is
produced in order to re-establish equilibrium.
i) N2 is added (ANS: more reactant made, since more product added)
ii) O2 is removed (ANS: more product made , since some product is removed)
iii) the volume is increased (ANS: more product made (the concentration is
decreased so increase concentration volume)
iv) the temperature is increased (ANS: more product made (endothermic
reactions use up heat)
v) the pressure is increased by compressing the mixture (ANS: more reactant
made)
b) Which of the situations above will increase yield? (ANS: ii, iii & iv - increase
product)
c) What effect will an increase in temperature have on the value for K? (ANS : K will
increase since increasing the temperature makes more product.)

10. State the changes in the following reaction (whether the reaction will favour the
forward /to the right, the reverse/to the left, or no changes in reaction):
N2O4 + heat 2 NO2
a) decrease pressure (ANS: Right)
b) remove N2O4 (ANS: Left)

11. The initial concentration of PCl3, Cl2 and PCl5 in a reaction vessel are 0.485 M, 0.261
M and 0.399 M, respectively. Given the Kc is 0.500. Calculate the equilibrium
concentration of Cl2
(ANS: [Cl2] = 0.487 M)

12. A and B react as follows:

[]2
A + 2B 2C , = [][]2
Assume 0.1 mol of A is reacted with 0.20 mol if B in a volume of 1000 ml; K = 1.0 x
1010. What are the equilibrium concentration of A, B and C? (ANS: [A]: 1.0 x 10-4 M,
[B] = 2.0 10-4 M)

13. A and B react as follows:

A + 2B 2C
 The equilibrium constant is 5.0 x 106. If 0.40 mol of A and 0.7 mol of B are mixed in 1
L solution, what are the concentration of A, B and C after the reaction?
(ANS: [A] = 4.3 x 10-7 M, [B] = 0.30 , [C] = 0.80 M)

14. The dissociation constant for hydrocyanic acid HCN is 7.2 x 10-10. Calculate the
percent (%) dissociation of 0.001 M solution. (ANS: 0.084%)

15. 0.200 M CH3COOH is added to water. What is the concentration of H3O+ in solution if
Kc=1.8106?

16. A mixture consists of 1.00 M Hydrofluoric acid 0.200 M Sodium Fluoride. What will
be the concentration of F+? What will be the pH? Ka = 7.210-4 mol L-1 for
Hydrofluoric acid. (Hint: The NaF completely disassociates releasing all the F+)
(ANS: [F+]: 0.203 M, pH: 2.45)

17. A sample of phosgene gas, COCl2 , is allowed to decompose:

COCl2 (g) CO (g) + Cl2 (g)
The value of Kc for the equilibrium is 2.2 x 10-10 at 100 oC . If the initial concentration
of COCl2 is 0.095 M, what will be the equilibrium concentrations for each of the
species involved? (ANS: [CO] = [Cl2] = 4.5 x 10-6 M, [COCl2] = 0.095 M)

18. Lets consider the following reaction (KC = 1.15 x 102):

H2 ( g) F2 (g ) 2HF( g)
Initial concentrations for each species are 1.0 M, 2.0 M for both H2 and F2,
respectively. Calculate the concentrations of each species at equilibrium.
(ANS: H2 = 3.2 x 10-2 M, F2 = 1.03 M, HF= 1.94 M)

19. Given concentrations at equilibrium find K

N2O4 2NO2 (g)
[N2O4 ]=4.3x10-2 M
[NO2]=1.4x10-2 M
Does the reaction favor to the right or left?

20. Given K= 2.7x 10-7

and initial amounts of [A]=1.0 [B]=0 and [C]=0
then find concentrations at Equilibrium for reaction 2A B + 3C
(ANS: 1.0 x 10-2 M)