Piping Design Criteria: Arvandan Oil and Gas Company

1.1.1.
1 CLIENT: CONSULTANT:
National Iranian Oil Company

Arvandan Oil and Gas Company ENERCHIMI ENG. CO.
SOHRAB WELL HEAD NO.1 FLOW LINE TO

Project: SOUTH AZADEGAN NORTH CLUSTER
Client Project No.: 14-71-148 Page 1 OF 22
Doc. No.: AOGC-036-PI-DSC-001 Consultant Project No.: 19381 Rev.: B0
Document Title: PIPING DESIGN CRITERIA
PIPING DESIGN CRITERIA

1.1.1.1 CLIENT: CONSULTANT:


Revision Summary Index

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Revision B0
Issued for TENDER
Date 92.11.14
Consultant
Prepared M.K
Checked M.N
Approved M.N


TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
1.0 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................5
2.0 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS ......................................................................................5
3.0 REFERENCE STANDARDS .....................................................................................5
4.0 ENGINEERING DIMENSION UNITS .........................................................................8
5.0 CONFLICTING REQUIREMENTS.............................................................................8
6.0 DESIGN .....................................................................................................................8
7.0 LAYOUT ....................................................................................................................8
8.0 CLEARANCES AND ACCESSIBILITY ................................................................... 10
9.0 PUMP PIPING ......................................................................................................... 13
10.0 VESSELS ............................................................................................................. 14
11.0 VALVES & SELECTION OF VALVES ................................................................. 14
12.0 VENT AND DRAINS............................................................................................. 17
13.0 SLIP BLINDS, SPECTACLE, HYDROSTATIC TEST BLIND & FLANGES ........ 17
14.0 SAMPLE AND TEST CONNECTIONS ................................................................ 18
15.0 UTILITY STATIONS ............................................................................................. 18
16.0 EMERGENCY SHOWERS ................................................................................... 18
17.0 PIPE CLEANING .................................................................................................. 19
18.0 SAFETY VALVES ................................................................................................ 19
19.0 BATTERY LIMITS AND TIE-IN POINTS.............................................................. 19
20.0 WALL THICKNESS CALCULATION ................................................................... 19



21.0 FITTINGS ............................................................................................................. 19
22.0 MATERIAL SPECIFICATION .............................................................................. 20
23.0 PIPIE SUPPORTS ................................................................................................ 20
24.0 DESIGN CONDITIONS ........................................................................................ 22
25.0 FRICTION EFFECTS ........................................................................................... 22
26.0 HOOK-UP PIPING ............................................................................................... 22



1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 General Project Description

Arvandan Oil and Gas company intends to construct an 8" N.B. buried flowline from
Sohrab WH1 to South Azadegan North Cluster.
Sohrab Field is located at North of Azadegan Field, and 115 Km North West of
Ahwaz right along the international border with Iraq.
The major sections of the project are:
Wellhead facilities (at WH No.1).

8" N.B, 50 Km (Approx.) buried flow line.
Receiving trap facility at South Azadegan North Cluster.
2.0 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
Owner/Client: Arvandan Oil & Gas Company (AOGC).
EPC Contractor: Shall Mean The Contractor Responsible For

Engineering, Procurement & Construction Of The
Project.
Vendor: The manufacturer /manufacturer's representative
selected by the contractor & approved by the client to
supply equipment/tools.
Will: is normally used in connection with the action by the "company" rather than by
a contractor, supplier or vendor.
May: is used where a provision is completely discretionary.
Should: is used where a provision is advisory only.
Shall: is used where a provision is mandatory.
2.1 Scope
This design criteria covers the general requirements for the piping design of
Wellhead facilities (at WH No.1) & Receiving trap facility at South Azadegan
North Cluster of SOHRAB Oil field.
3.0 REFERENCE STANDARDS
The related publications and standards referred to herein and mentioned below
shall be the latest editions.
IPS-E-PR-190 Engineering Standard for Layout and Spacing

IPS IPS-E-PI-200 Engineering standard for flexibility analysis


IPS-E-PI-240 Engineering standard for Plant piping systems

IPS-E-TP-100 Engineering standard for Paints
IPS-E-TP-270 Engineering standard for Protective coating for buried &
submerged steel structures
IPS-M-PI-150 Material standard for flange and fittings
IPS-G-PI-280 Engineering standard for Pipe Supports
IPS-E-PI-221/1 General, Piping Material Selection (on plot piping)
IPS-E-PI-221/2 Piping Class rating: PN 20 (150) and PN 50 (300)
IPS-E-PI-221/3 Piping Class rating: PN 100(600), PN 150(900), PN250 (1500) and
PN 420 (2500)
API RP 14E Recommended practice for design and installation of offshore
production platform piping systems
API 5L Specification for line pipe
API 6A Specification for wellhead and Christmas tree equipment API 5L
Specification for line pipe
API 6D Specification for pipeline valves (steel gate,plug, ball and check
valves)
API 600 Steel gate valves, flanged and butt-welding ends
API 602 Compact steel gate valves
API RP 591 User acceptance of refinery valves
API RP 598 Valve inspection and testing
API RP 520 Sizing, selection and installation of pressure relieving devices in
refineries
API RP 1110 Pressure testing of liquid petroleum pipelines
API RP 1102 Steel pipelines crossing rail roads and highways
API STD 1104 Welding of pipelines and related facilities
API STD 608 Metal ball valves-flanged, threaded, and welding end
API STD 594 Check valves: wafer-lug, and double flanged type
API SPEC 6FA Specification for fire test for valves
API SPEC 6FC Specification for fire test for valves with automatic backseats
API SPEC 6FD Specification for fire test for check valves
ASME B31.3 Chemical Plant and Petroleum Refinery Piping
ASME B31.4 Pipeline transformation systems for liquid hydrocarbons and other
liquids
ASME B16.5 Pipe flanges and flanged fittings
ASME B16.9 Wrought steel butt-welding fittings
ASME B16.10 Face to face and end to end dimensions of ferrous valves
ASME B16.11 Forged steel fittings, socket-welding and threaded
ASME 1.20.1 Pipe threads, general purpose (inch)
ASME B16.34 Valves-flanged, threaded, and welding end
ASME B36.10 Welded and seamless. Wrought steel pipe


ASME B16.20 Metallic-gaskets for pipe flanges-ring-joint, spiral-wound and

jacketed errata
ASME B16.21 Nonmetallic flat gaskets for pipe flanges
ASME B18.2.1 Square and Hex. Bolts and screws (Inch series)
ASME B18.2.2 Square and Hex. Nuts (Inch series)
ASME V BPVC Nondestructive examination, non interfile
ASME VIII BPVC Rules for construction of pressure vessels
ASME IX BPVC Qualification standard for welding and brazing procedures
ASTM A370 Test methods and definitions for mechanical testing of steel
products
ASTM A388/A388M Practice for ultrasonic examination of heavy steel forgings
ASTM B571 Test methods for adhesion of metallic coatings
ASTM E94 Guide for radiographic testing
ASTM E114 Practice for ultrasonic pulse-echo straight-bea examination by the
contact method
ASTM E165 Test method for liquid penetrate examination
ASTM E709 Guide for magnetic particle examination
MSS SP25 Standard marking system for valves, fittings, flanges & unions
MSS SP44 Steel pipeline flanges
MSS SP45 By pass & drain connection standard
MSS SP55 Quality standard for steel castings for valves, flanges, and fittings
and other piping components-visual method
MSS SP82 Valve pressure testing methods
NACE MR-0175 Sulfide stress cracking resistant metallic materials for oil field
equipment
NACE RP-0169 Control of external corrosion on underground or submerged
metallic piping systems
NACE RP-0274 Material Requirements for Polyolefin Cold Applied Tapes for Under-
Ground or Submerged Pipeline Coatings
NACE TM-0177 Laboratory Testing of Metals for Resistance to Sulfide Stress
Cracking and Stress Corrosion Cracking in H2S Environments
NACE TM-0284 Evaluation of Pipeline and Pressure Vessel Steels for Resistance to
Hydrogen Induced Cracking
BS-1868 Flanged and Butt welding ends steel ends check Valves for
Petroleum and petrochemical Industries
Flanged and Butt welding ends steel ends Globe Valves for
BS-1873
Petroleum and petrochemical Industries
BS-6755-Part:1 Specification for Production Pressure Testing Requirement
BS-6755-Part:2 Specification for Fire type-Testing Requirement
Specification for Cast Iron Gate (parallel slide) valves for general
BS-5150
purpose


Specification for Cast Iron Globe and Globe stop and check valves
BS-5152
for general purpose
BS-5153 Specification for Cast Iron Check valves for General purpose
Specification for Copper alloy Globe, Globe stop and check and
BS-5154
Gate Valves
BS-5351 Steel Ball Valves for Petroleum and Petrochemical Industries
BS-5352 Steel Wedge Gate, Globe & Check Valves
BS-5353 Specification for Steel Plug Valves
AOGC-036-PI-MSS-001 Piping Material Specification (PMS)
AOGC-036-PI-ESS-002 Specification for Paint
AOGC-036-PI-ESS-003 Specification for Valve
4.0 ENGINEERING DIMENSION UNITS
International system of units (SI) is basically used in this project, except for the
following items:
Nominal pipe diameter: In
Flange rating: LB
Pressure: Bar (= 100Kpa)
Temperature: C
Time : Second
Mass flow rate : kg/hr
Volumetric flow rate : Standard m3/hr (Condition at 15.6C and 1.013 Bara)
Absolute Press. = Gauge Press. + ATM Pressure.
Gauge and absolute pressures will be indicated by barg and bara
respectively. Any other units used shall conform to IPS-E-GN-100(0) engineering
standard for units.
5.0 CONFLICTING REQUIREMENTS
In the events conflict between this criteria and related documents and standards,
the contractor shall refer the matter to the CLIENT for clarification and only after
obtaining the same should proceed with the prefabrication of items in question.
6.0 DESIGN
Piping design shall meet the requirements of the Code. The following
requirements shall also be observed.
7.0 LAYOUT


7.1 Piping shall be grouped wherever practicable at established elevations in one

direction and at other elevations for piping at right angles to provide for branch
line intersections and the crossing of lines. Exceptions may be made for process
reasons or for economic reasons in systems involving alloy or large diameter
piping, in which flat turns may be permitted or lines may run diagonally.
7.2 In general, all major process lines shall be carried on sleeper pipe ways and at
least 20% of the pipe way width shall be left unoccupied for the addition of future
lines. There may be instances where process lines must run below grade and in
these cases lines shall be placed in small trenches, except in the case of dikes,
when the lines should be coated and wrapped.
7.3 Road crossing shall be properly constructed with concrete underpasses, allowing
ample space for maintenance purposes and 20% allowance for installation of
future lines. These crossings should be specified on the drawings.
7.4 All tank age shall have isolating valves on process lines at the tank and outside
the tank bund.
7.5 Access ways for mobile plant shall be made into each and every tank bund area.
7.6 All piping shall be arranged to provide full access to all equipment for operation,
maintenance, removal and/or replacement with a minimum amount of labor and
minimum dismantling of piping system. Block valves shall be provided for
isolation of equipment and instruments.
7.7 Piping shall be arranged to avoid liquid and gas traps.
7.8 Pipes, fittings, flange and valves of sizes ", 3/8, 2 , 3 , 4 , 5, 7 and 9
shall not be used. However, where equipment is regularly supplied by the
manufacturer with pipe connections of the above odd sizes, connection shall be
made to pipe of approved size using flanged reducers.
7.9 All allocated areas for access, service, maintenance and operation shall be kept
clear of piping or any other obstruction.
7.10 Minimum of twenty percent space shall be provided for future extensions.
7.11 All underground piping installations must have COMPANY approval.
7.12 All piping outside battery limits should be run on sleepers way. Piping on
sleepers shall have a min, of 150 mm clearance between grade and flanges.
7.13 Height of all major foundations shall be 150mm. pump foundation shall be
230mm.
7.14 Piping design and 3D modeling: Design of piping system shall be performed
based on 3D piping design software 'PDMS'. All piping layout, isometric drawings
and MTOs shall be automatically extracted from software. A complete 3D design
with walk through capability shall be provided for design review.


7.15 All Pipe size is nominal & is in Inch.

7.16 Sch80 should be considered as Minimum thickness of all Pipes with nominal size
less than 1 , which contains flammable and toxic materials.
8.0 CLEARANCES AND ACCESSIBILITY
8.1 The clearances and accessibility indicated below is in addition to and shall be
read in conjunction with IPS-E-PI-240 and IPS-E-PR-190. Access Requirements
Access ways within the plant shall be provided for maintenance, emergency
case, and for firefighting from the road around the plant. Piping system shall be
laid in such a way to make possible passage of mobile equipment. Minimum
widths of access way shall be as follows:
Vehicular access ways within units :4000 mm
Pedestrian access ways and elevated walk way :1200 mm
Stairways and platforms :800 mm
Footpaths in tankage areas :600 mm
Maintenance access around equipment :1000 mm
8.1.1 General Clearances
The following clearances that are listed are minimum distance and these can be
enlarged where require:
A) Equipment
Drum to drum :2000 mm
Pump to pump 22.5 kW & less; 1000 mm
Above 22.5 kW; 1500 mm
Drive end of pump to truck :3000 mm
B) Control panels
Control panels, front :2000 mm
Control panels, rear :1500 mm
C) Operating aisles
At grade :750 mm
On structures :750 mm
On vessels :750 mm
D) Piping
All pipe to pipe spacing shall be in accordance with IPS-E-PI-240
(Para. 2.10.4) & IPS-D-PI-103.
I) Aboveground
Flange to axis of bare pipe : O.D. of each pipe plus 25 mm
B.O.P elevation for un insulated lines to finish grade :300 mm
B.O.P elevation for Control valve manifolds to :500 mm
finish grade
B.O.P elevation for lowest piping Item to finish grade :500 mm


II)
Underground
Minimum vertical distance from top of pipe to rough grade :900 mm
8.1.2 Overhead Clearances
Equipment, structures, platforms, piping and its supports shall be arranged to
provide the following Overhead clearances:
a) Over main roads (bottom of pipe) for mobile equipment :6800 mm
b) Over access ways (bottom of pipe) for heavy trucks :6000 mm
c) Over access ways (bottom of pipe) for trucks passage :4000 mm
d) Over access ways(bottom of pipe) for personal passage :2100 mm
e) Over ground and bottom of pipe (inside battery limits) :3500 mm
at pump row access-way
f) Over walk-way, pass-way and platform to nearest :2500 mm
obstruction, and inside buildings
g) Headroom below structural or piping :2200 mm
8.1.3 Horizontal Clearances
Clearance on piping arrangement around and between vessels, equipment or
machinery, shall be such as to permit mobile maintenance to the equipment and
to perform their operations without undue difficulties. The following are typical
minimum clearances required:
a) Around pumps (aisles between piping) :900 mm
b) Maximum horizontal distance from any point on platform to a primary or
auxiliary exit shall not exceed 25 meters, with provisions for additional ladder.
8.1.4 The minimum horizontal distance for walk aisles and access ways between
piping and/or mechanical equipment like pumps, motors, etc., shall be
approximately 1000 mm. Piping around equipment shall be arranged to permit
access and removal of equipment.
8.1.5 Adequate spacing shall be provided for removal and reinstallation of equipment
or piping/structural components for maintenance.
8.2 Clearances around and between vessels, equipment and machinery shall be
such that to permit mobile maintenance equipment to perform their operations
without undue difficulties.
8.3 Spacing for pipe support carrying multiple pipe lines shall in general be 6000mm
maximum. Pickup supports clamped to a larger pipe shall be used for
intermediate support of small piping as required. Spacing may be increased for
single lines 8 and larger or for multiple lines when none of the lines are smaller
than 8, for allowable pipe spans.


8.4 Sufficient spaces should be considered on pipe supports for instrument air tubes
layout, cable tray routs and conduits arrangement.
8.5 Pipe spacing in pipe way shall be a minimum of flange to pipe plus 25mm or
insulated flange to pipe insulation plus 25mm with flanges being staggered.
Spacing shall be increased as required and shown on drawings for insulated or
expanding lines.
8.6 Minimum clear space between underground piping and sewer lines shall be
300mm, except on cooling water lines where heat transfer might occur, which
shall be spaced 460 mm minimum clearance. Minimum cover shall be 460mm
(or greater where frost or loading may govern below high point finished surface).
Minimum cover for water lines shall be one meter.
8.7 Buried steel and galvanized shall be suitably coated by 3 layer polyethylene.
8.8 Platforms
The layout and arrangement of platforms, walkways and means of access there
to must be such that the supervisory rounds can be made at various levels
without requiring excessive climbing up or down. Platforms over 8m long shall be
served by two means of access (stairs of ladders).These means of access shall
be placed in such a way that no point between two accesses is more than 20m
from at least one of them and there shall be no blind lengths of platform in front
of each manhole. This requirement may be waived in the case of manholes on
horizontal drums of which the centerline is at a height of less than 3.75m.
8.9 Stairs
Access to the various levels of the structures and buildings shall be by stairways.
Stairways shall also be provided for certain platforms when they must be used
every day for maintenance, operation or supervision.
8.10 Ladders
As general rule, access to platforms shall be by fixed ladders and the upper
landing shall be to the side of the ladder. However, in the case of platforms on
the top of equipment, the top landing may be in front of the ladder. The ladders
shall be provided with safety cages beginning at a height of 2.5m from the
bottom of the ladder.
8.11 Fixed Handling Equipment
When access to equipment, structures or piping by mobile equipment for
maintenance, loading or unloading operations is impossible, fixed handling
equipment shall be provided (Points of attachment, monorails, jib, etc.) This


equipment shall allow for direct handling, i.e. without support from the ground.
Fixed handling equipment is only considered for equipments more than 90 Kg in
weight.
9.0 PUMP PIPING
9.1 The required net positive suction head (NPSH) shown in pump design data
sheets shall be considered.
9.2 Pump-suction lines shall be as direct and as short as possible and shall slope to
the pumps, when possible. Pockets in suction lines are not permitted. This is to
avoid collection of vapor and gas.
9.3 In general eccentric reducers in pump suction lines shall be installed flat side up.
9.4 Pump-suction valves shall normally be line size; and in no case smaller than
pump nozzle. For large pump suction line sizes, valves may be smaller than line
size; in this case the suction conditions have to be checked individually. If butt
welded valves are to be used, removable spool pieces shall be foreseen
between pump suction/discharge nozzle and butt welded valves.
9.5 Discharge valves shall have the size as indicated on the P&IDs. Reducer shall
be provided, if the pump nozzle is not the same size as the discharge valves.
9.6 Break flanges shall be provided, when necessary, for pumps in order to install
temporary strainers. Y type strainers and T type strainers shall be shown on
P&ID. The maximum rotation of "Y" type strainers in horizontal suction line shall
be limited to 60 deg. For temporary strainers, see Piping Standard Drawings. If
the P&ID does not show a strainer in the suction of the pump, at least a start-up
strainer shall be foreseen. Ensure that the basket within the strainer can be
removed. Space for strainer drain shall be provided.
9.7 Pressure gauge connection shall be made in the piping between pump nozzle
and the discharge valve and must have block valve. Drains on pumps shall be
grouped together at the pump base plate. All drains shall be equipped with block
valve, flange and blind flange. P&ID will show where the drains are to be routed
to.
9.8 Where necessary, provisions as spool pieces shall be made in order to facilitate
removal of internal elements, housing sections and strainers.
9.9 Double suction pumps require approx. 5 diameter length of straight pipe. Special
Vendor requirements shall be considered.
9.10 Both suction and discharge lines of a pump shall be provided with a block valve.
Discharge lines of centrifugal pumps shall be provided with a check valve.


9.11 To avoid capitation in horizontal centrifugal pumps of the double suction type, the
suction line shall be arranged so that equal flow distribution to both impeller
entrances is warranted.
9.12 Piping shall be arranged to provide full access to all pumps, and to permit pump
removal or replacement with the minimum dismantling of the piping.
9.13 Gland and seal oil piping shall be designed in accordance with pump
manufacturers recommendations.
9.14 Thermal expansion, vibration, fabrication and erection tolerance shall be taken
into consideration, so that excessive forces and moments are not developed at
the casing and nozzle.
10.0 VESSELS
10.1 In general, vessel orientation and piping shall be kept as uniform as possible in
the arrangement of vessel components. For example, all ladders, manholes,
platforms, level controllers, gage glasses, etc should have a similar orientation
throughout the entire plant, if possible.
10.2 All vertical vessels operating valves or equipment which must be manipulated or
serviced during operation shall be accessible from ladders or platforms.
Horizontal vessels 3.70m or less from grade to top of vessel will be serviced by
portable ladder. Horizontal vessels having valves or equipment higher than
3.70m above grade shall be provided with permanent ladder. Horizontal vessel
with manholes, or control stations on top of the vessel higher than 3.7m above
grade shall also be provided with platform for access to these items.
10.3 Maximum length of ladders on vertical vessel shall be 9.00m, between landing
platforms.
10.4 Manholes in both vertical and horizontal vessel will not require platforms when
the centerline elevation is 4.5 m or less from grade, unless a platform is required
at manhole elevation for access to level instruments or other connections, in
which case the platform should be extended to reach the manhole where this
extension is 1.5m or less.
10.5 Davits or trolley beams shall be provided on vessels over 9m high where the
weight of removable internals and/or external equipment, such as relief valves, is
greater than 90 kg.
11.0 VALVES & SELECTION OF VALVES
11.1 Valves in piping arrangements shall be designed so that they do not obstruct
walkways, Plat forms, etc. and yet accessible for operation, and maintenance
space.


11.2 Hand-wheels of valves shall never be made of a light alloy which could melt in
case of fire.
11.3 The maximum operating level of a hand-wheel is 2000mm above deck,
platforms, etc. When an operating valve is unavoidably located with its hand
wheel higher than 2000 mm above operating level, suitable provisions shall be
made to make the valve accessible for operation. Chain-wheel and chain or stem
extensions may be used, but they should be kept to an absolute minimum,
chains shall clear operating level by 1070 mm. Valves, requiring extension stem
or chain operation, shall be noted on the isometric drawings. Valves in overhead
shall be kept to a minimum.
11.4 All valve outlets which do not connect to a system, shall be provided with an end
closure such as a blind flange (flanged valves), nipple with screwed cap
assembly (socket welding valves) or with a plug (threaded valves).
11.5 Globe valves shall only be used when throttling is required in sizes up to 6
including, except when stated otherwise on P&ID.
11.6 Valves operated in wide open and blocked-in services shall be gate, ball or plug
valves, as permitted by the particular pipe class and as indicated on the P&ID.
11.7 Gate and globe valves shall be suitable for repacking under pressure (back
seating).
11.8 The face to face and end to end dimensions of Steel, high alloy and Monel
valves shall conform to ANSI B16.10 and the end flanges of all Steel valves shall
conform to ANSI B16.5 and ANSI B16.47 Series B. Buttery and wafer check
valve dimensions shall conform to API 609 and API 594, respectively.
11.9 Stem positions of all valves shall be indicated on the isometric or plan drawings
preferably not below the horizontal. It is not allowed to install valves with their
stems under the horizontal in case of hazardous solutions, caustics, acids, etc.
11.10 Check valves should preferably be installed in horizontal pipe lines or in
exceptional cases in vertical lines with flow upwards. Swing check valves shall
not be installed in vertical lines with flow downwards. For draining the pipeline
downstream of the check valve a drain shall be provided.
11.11 Valves shall be gear operated for the following types and sizes:
Gate valves:
Class 150, & 300, 12 & larger
Class 600, 8 & larger
Classes 900 & 1500, 8" & larger
Classes 2500 & 5000, 6" & larger
Ball valves:


Class 150, & 300, 8 & larger

Classes 1500 & 2500, 1 & larger
Globe valves:
11.12 Control valves shall be located at deck or on platforms. Also control valve shall
be installed in the horizontal with top works in the vertical position. The location
of control valves shall be close to the associated equipment and instruments for
easy plant operation.
11.13 If a bypass for the control valve station is required the bypass shall not block
access to the control valve.
11.14 Removal of bolts on control valve stations shall be guaranteed. Check distances
to supports, foundations, reducers, etc...
11.15 Pipe supports for control valve station shall be placed in a way that no temporary
supports are required if the control valve has been removed.
11.16 When reducers are used, the maximum reduction shall not be greater than two
nominal line sizes per reducer.
11.17 Since a control valve may be replaced by a larger one in the future, the hookup
of the manifold shall be such that a full line size control valve can be installed.
11.18 All safety/relief valves shall be accessible from platforms. Lifting devices shall be
provided if the weight of the safety valves exceeds 45 kg.
11.19 Safety/relief valves outlet piping to atmosphere, e.g. for air, non-flammable
vapors, etc. and continuously operating vents, shall be located in such a way to
prevent hazard to personnel, i.e. to safe location.
11.20 Safety/relief valves should be grouped together if possible.
11.21 Relief valve inlet and discharge piping shall be designed to avoid moments and
forces on the valve body. Outlet piping of safety and relief valves (including flare
lines) shall be designed to prevent excessive stresses in the line resulting from
larger rapid temperature changes or from uneven temperature distribution.


11.22 Safety/relief valves shall be installed with their springs in a vertical position. 1
and smaller thermal relief valves may be installed with their springs in a
horizontal position.
11.23 After preliminary design of piping systems connected to safety relief valves, a
pressure drop calculation will be provided and the sizes shall be confirmed by
process department.
11.24 Where a common header used to vent lighter than air gases to atmosphere, the
header shall slope upwards to the relieving pipe. Discharge lines carrying air and
other non-flammable vapors slope upwards and discharge in upward direction.
11.25 For identification of Valve classes and material, refer to piping material
specification.
11.26 For perfect selection of project valves, refer to specification for procurement of
valves.
12.0 VENT AND DRAINS
12.1 Hydrostatic test vent connections shall be plugged, capped or blind flanged in
accordance with piping material specification. Vents are not required on lines
which are pneumatically tested and may be omitted on alloy piping and on lines
handling highly corrosive commodities.
12.2 Except for lines handling highly corrosive commodities, piping and equipment
shall be sufficiently drained at all low points to remove all liquid from the system.
Drains shall be valve type and shall not be smaller than 1 and shall discharge
directly on to grade or paving. All drains must be shown on PFD and P&IDs.
12.3 All operating drains shall be noted and sized on flow diagrams. These shall be
routed to a drain funnel. The piping shall be so arranged that the discharge is
visible from the drain valve.
12.4 All lines shall be provided with suitable vent according to design and standards.
13.0 SLIP BLINDS, SPECTACLE, HYDROSTATIC TEST BLIND & FLANGES
13.1 Spectacle blinds, where required shall be noted on process flow diagram.
Spectacle blinds shall be provided for isolation purposes on waterside of water
cooled exchangers.
13.2 Hydro test flow diagrams for each unit must be provided. Test blinds will be
installed per this diagram. Spectacle blinds shall be installed in locations where
cutting or reworking of pipe would otherwise be necessary after removal of blind.
13.3 In process areas where spectacle blinds are provided for hydrocarbon lines, the
ground area shall be paved and provided with drain to oily water sewer. The
blinds installed in pipe way(s) shall be grouped together if possible.


13.4 Blinds 12 and larger must be provided with jack screws. All heavy flanges 12
and above shall be equipped with facilities for jack-bolting.
14.0 SAMPLE AND TEST CONNECTIONS
14.1 Sample and test connections shall be provided as indicated on process flow
diagrams. They shall be readily accessible preferably from grade or else
platform. A ladder may be used where samples are taken infrequently. Sample
and test connections shall be located within easy reach of a utility station where
practicable and be piped to flare system or drain funnel draining to the relevant
system.
14.2 Where samples are taken in a bottle, the sample outlet connections shall
wherever practical, be grouped at the unit or area boundary and be as short as
practicable. Sample outlets shall be located over a drain funnel or a trough
connected to the oily water sewer system. Where samples are taken in a
Bomb, the outlet must be connected to the flare system to permit safe venting
of light hydrocarbon products before sampling.
14.3 Sample which requires cooling shall be noted on the process flow diagram.
Coolers shall be applied to all hot sample connections for safety.
15.0 UTILITY STATIONS
15.1 Utility stations shall be located to permit servicing equipment with a 15 meter
length of hose. Additional stations shall be located at strategic points or levels in
structures and equipment. Utility stations shall also be provided at the top of
towers and reactors. Each ground utility station shall overlap the area serviced
by the adjacent station.
15.2 Water outlets for utility stations shall be 1 inch or 1 inch.
15.3 Male and female connections shall be provided for utility stations lines.
15.4 Utility stations on platforms shall be self-draining in freezing climates.
15.5 Utility stations shall include electric power, plant water, low pressure steam and
plant air.
15.6 Water and steam shall be provided at grade only.
16.0 EMERGENCY SHOWERS
In general, emergency showers and eye wash fountains shall be provided in

areas where operating personnel are subject to hazardous sprays or spills such
as acid, caustic, etcaccording to related standards.


17.0 PIPE CLEANING
Suitable blinds or removable spool pieces shall be provided to ensure complete

flushing out of all foreign debris.
18.0 SAFETY VALVES
18.1 Type of safety valve must be as specified on data sheets.

18.2 Safeties valves in compressor service shall be full nozzle stainless steel trim with
minimum of 13% chrome.
18.3 All fuel gas safety valves must be discharged to flare header or a safe location.
19.0 BATTERY LIMITS AND TIE-IN POINTS
Each tie-in point shall be clearly defined on piping studies and piping routings,
including reference battery limit drawings.
Type of connection at tie-in points for above ground pipes should be flanged.
All above ground pipeline will be protected from other by an anchor point located
at the battery limit in order to minimize displacement.
Forces and moments will be defined during detailed design by EPC contractor,
all lines crossing the battery limit shall have the following, inside the battery limit:
A block valve A spectacle blind located upstream of block valve A 3/4 plugged
bleed valve located upstream of block valve.
20.0 WALL THICKNESS CALCULATION
Wall thickness calculations are based on ASME B31.3, code. (For wall thickness
calculation)
Pipe wall thickness shall be as indicated in the individual pipe classes. Where a
heavier pipe wall thickness is used than required by the line classification, the
inside of the connecting heavier pipe or fitting will be machined to an inside
diameter equal to that of the lighter pipe or fitting with a taper 1:4. When in a
piping specification a minimum wall thickness is indicated, this wall thickness
must be checked for the actual design conditions of a line. Beveling to be in
accordance with ASME B16.25
21.0 FITTINGS
21.1 Butt-welding fittings shall conform to ANSI B16.9. Forged socket welding and
screwed fittings shall conform to ANSI B16.11.
21.2 Butt-welding fittings shall have the same wall thickness as the pipe used.


21.3 Directional changes in piping arrangements shall be 45, 90 and 180 turns. In
special cases, other changes may be obtained by trimming 45 or 90 elbows.
21.4 All 90 deg. elbows shall be long radius type (R=1 D). Short radius welding
elbows (R=D) shall be used where required for clearance purposes and shall be
indicated on piping drawings (such as ISOMETRIC, piping plan).
21.5 End connections for fittings shall be as dictated by the particular pipe classes.
21.6 Changes in line sizes shall be made by eccentric or concentric reducers and
swages. Bushings, reducing elbows, reducing and straight laterals are not
permitted except for instrument piping. Reductions with large end 1 and
smaller, shall be swaged.
21.7 In general, all nipples 1 and smaller shall be seamless and have a wall
thickness as per pipe class.
21.8 Type of branch connections is as per Piping Material Specification. Welded pipe
to pipe connections shall be designed so that the angle of intersection between
branch and run shall not be less than 45. The required reinforcement shall be
designed in accordance with ASME B 31.3.
21.9 Flanged fittings shall not be used unless where required by special service
conditions, e.g. rubber or polyurethane lined pipe, etc. When used, they shall
conform to ANSI B16.5.
21.10 Unions shall only be used when permitted by the particular piping classes.
22.0 MATERIAL SPECIFICATION
22.1 Materials of construction for each piping system with specific operating
conditions shall conform to the service classification and pipe classes in the
Piping Material Specification. For Pipes containing sour services, the
specification should be based on NACE MR-0175
22.2 The carbon content in carbon steel materials to be welded, shall not exceed
0.30%.
23.0 PIPIE SUPPORTS
Supports shall be designed in such a way as to comply with flexibility analysis

results. The following rules will generally have to be observed.
23.1 All piping shall be analyzed and adequately supported, guided, anchored or
strutted so as to prevent undue vibration, deflection, stress or strain on
equipment. Thermal expansion contraction, dynamic effects impact, wind,
earthquake, vibration, etc) and weight effects (live loads, dead loads, test loads,
etc.) shall be considered in the analysis so that the stresses created by those
loading shall not exceed the allowable stresses prescribed by the Code. When


analyzing piping, particular attention shall be paid to thermal expansion/

contraction of lines subjected to sun rays and severe temperature changes
during start-up, operating, shutdown and emergency conditions.
23.2 For piping associated with reciprocating machinery consideration shall be given
to the amplitude and the spectral frequency distribution of pulsations.
23.3 Control valves and other piping components shall be properly supported and
braced to prevent excessive vibration. Any additional restraint shall be
considered in the flexibility analysis of the piping system.
23.4 Provision for thermal expansion shall normally be made with pipe loops.
23.5 Piping flexibility shall be used in preference of any type of expansion joints. If a
suitable piping configuration cannot be designed to eliminate the use of
expansion joints, the matter shall be discussed with the company before
proceeding with any work.
23.6 Particular attention should be paid to the design of lines subject to severe
temperature changes during start-up or emergency conditions, such as high
temperature steam lines.
23.7 Flare system piping shall be designed to take care of expansion, movement or
vibration caused by the most severe operating or emergency conditions and is to
be constrained against a tendency to move off its supports. Pipe shoes or
saddles shall be furnished on the main flare header at all supports.
23.8 Cold spring shall be wide enough to ensure pipes do not fall off supports during
maximum expansion/contraction and used in case that flexibility of pipe is
impossible from normal ways (e.g. : piping loops , ).
23.9 Pipe supports shall be wide enough to ensure pipes do not fall off supports
during maximum expansion/ contraction.
23.10 Supports shall not interfere with clear passages provided for access to
equipment, machinery, instruments, handling of valves, etc.
23.11 Wherever necessary it should be possible to adjust supports so that they may be
set correctly.
23.12 Local compressive stresses on large-diameter pipes shall be taken into account
using (where necessary) suitable reinforcing plates.
23.13 All supports shall be identified on design drawings.
23.14 The end actions on equipment and machinery imposed by connected piping,
shall be checked within the limits set for that type of equipment either by
manufacturers or the following publications and standards:
For Equipment: Per ASME Section VIII Division I (Latest Edition)


For centrifugal pump per API STD 610 (Latest Edition)

For centrifugal compressors and turbines:
Par API 617/NEMA SM 23 Cases where one or more equipment and machinery
are disconnected from the piping system shall be investigated.
24.0 DESIGN CONDITIONS
24.1 Thermal effects

The temperature difference T to be considered for flexibility analysis must be
determined as shown in table here under:
Hot Service T=Design Temperature- Minimum ambient temperature
T=Max. ambient temperature- Min. ambient temperature

Ambient Service (Insulated pipes)
T=Max. Solar temperature- Min. ambient temperature
Max. Ambient temperature: 55C
Min. Ambient temperature= 4C
Max. Solar temperature= 85C
25.0 FRICTION EFFECTS
The effect to friction must be calculated based on the following according to

ASTM G115- 10: Steel to steel = 0.3
Sliding pads (PTFE) = 0.1
26.0 HOOK-UP PIPING
Hot Service: T=Design Temperature- Minimum ambient temperature

Ambient Service: T=Max. Ambient temperature- Min. ambient temperature
26.1 Vent and drain hookup, sample points and pressure instrument points, etc. shall
be designed in accordance with "Standard Drawing for Piping
26.2 Lines smaller than 4, which require thermo well connections, shall be increased
to 4 at the thermo well. Hook up shall be as per Piping Standard Drawings.

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1.1.1.

National Iranian Oil Company

SOHRAB WELL HEAD NO.1 FLOW LINE TO