NAME: ALEXANDRA XENIA SABANAL

HYPERTENSION
I. DIET
A. Foods to be EATEN for patients with Hypertension
Leafy greens, which are high in potassium:
Romaine Lettuce, Arugula, Kale, Turnip greens, Collard greens, Spinach, Beet greens, Swiss chard
-Potassium helps your kidneys get rid of more sodium through your urine. This in turn lowers your blood
pressure.
-Berries, especially Blueberries, are rich in natural compounds called Flavonoids, which prevents hypertension
and lower blood pressure.
-Oatmeal fits the bill for a high-fiber, low-fat, and low-sodium, way to lower your blood pressure.
-Bananas are rich in potassium
-Seeds, are high in potassium, magnesium and other minerals known to reduce high blood pressure.
-Olive oil, is an example of a healthy fat. It contains polyphenols, which are inflammation-fighting compounds
that can help reduce blood pressure.
B. Foods to be AVOIDED for patients with Hypertension
Sodium and Salt, they increase blood pressure:
Canned beans, Premade soups, Canned or bottled tomato products, Packaged and processed meats, Frozen
meals.
Sugar essentially offer nothing more than calories and contribute to weight gain- overweight and obese
individuals have an increased risk of developing high blood pressure.
Candy, Soft drinks, Pastries, Sauces, Alcohol
II. MEDICATION
Drugs such as angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, calcium channel blockers (CCBs), angiotensin
receptor blockers (ARBs), beta-blockers, and diuretics are all considered acceptable alternative therapies in
patients with hypertension.
III. EXERCISES
Making exercise a habit can help lower your blood pressure. It also gives you more energy and it is a great way
to ease stress and feel better.
3 basic exercises for hypertension
A. Cardiovascular or aerobic exercise, they lower your blood pressure and make your heart stronger. Examples
included walking, jogging, jumping rope, bicycling, swimming and etc..
B. Strength training build strong muscles, that helps you burn more calories throughout the day. Also good for
joints and bones.
C. Stretching makes you more flexible, helps you move better, and helps prevent injuries.

MYOCARDIAL
I. DIET
A. Foods to be EATEN for patients with Myocardial
The common Mediterranean diet has many heart healthy benefits. This diet encourages a high intake of fruits,
vegetables and whole grains. It encourages the use of monounsaturated fats such as olive oils and does not
include many saturated fats. Fish, poultry, dairy and red wine are consumed as part of the Mediterranean diet.
When it comes heart health, one concern with this diet is that a large portion of its calories are often derived
from fat, which can lead to increased obesity, a known risk factor for heart disease.
B. Foods to be AVOIDED for patients with Myocardial
It is important to make note of the foods to avoid heart attack include foods that contain trans and saturated
fats. It is also suggested that you avoid fast foods, baked foods, desserts, and fried foods. Consume limited
amounts of poultry along with the skin and other meats that are high in fat. You should also make sure to
avoid foods high in sugar and salt and foods that are high in cholesterol.
II. MEDICATION
Aspirin, reduces blood clotting, thus helping maintain blood flow through a narrowed artery.
Thrombolytics also called clotbusters, help dissolve a blood clot that's blocking blood flow to your heart.
Antiplatelet agents help prevent new clots and keep existing clots from getting larger.
Pain relievers such as morphine, to ease your discomfort.
Nitroglycerin used to treat chest pain (angina), can help improve blood flow to the heart by widening (dilating)
the blood vessels.
Beta blockers help relax your heart muscle, slow your heartbeat and decrease blood pressure, making your
heart's job easier. Beta blockers can limit the amount of heart muscle damage and prevent future heart
attacks.
ACE inhibitors lower blood pressure and reduce stress on the heart.
III. EXERCISE
Walking and cycling are recommended because they are practical and accessible to most people.
For people that have had stroke and may not be able to take up walking, arm based exercise such as arm
ergometer can be a great way to get a heart rate up and challenge the heart get stronger.
Weight training is also a viable form of exercise after a heart attack, but it is advisable to build a good
cardiovascular base first and then add the resistance training when you are feeling stronger, and have received
clearance from your cardiologist.

ANGINA
I. DIET
A. Foods to be EATEN for patients with Angina
Good nutrition is important for your heart health. Healthy eating habits will help you control some of
your risk factors for heart disease.Eat plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.Choose lean
proteins, such as skinless chicken, fish, and beans.Eat non-fat or low-fat dairy products, such as skim
milk and low-fat yogurt.
B. Foods to be AVOIDED for patients with Angina
Avoid foods that contain high levels of sodium (salt).Read food labels. Avoid foods that contain
saturated fat and partially hydrogenated or hydrogenated fats. These are unhealthy fats that are often
found in fried foods, processed foods, and baked goods.Eat fewer foods that contain cheese, cream, or
eggs.
II. MEDICATION
To reduce the risk of a heart attack, you may also be told to take Aspirin,Clopidogrel (Plavix), ticagrelor
(Brilinta) or prasugrel (Effient) every day. Follow your provider's directions carefully to keep heart
disease and angina from getting worse.Always talk to your provider before you stop taking any of your
medicines. Stopping these drugs suddenly or changing your dose can make your angina worse or cause
a heart attack.
III. EXERCISES
Get plenty of aerobic exercise, such as walking, swimming, or bicycling, at least 30 minutes a day, 5 days a
week.

DIABETES
I. DIET
A. Foods to be eaten for patients with diabetes
Eat more:
Healthy fats from nuts, olive oil, fish oils, flax seeds, or avocados
Fruits and vegetablesideally fresh, the more colorful the better; whole fruit rather than juices
High-fiber cereals and breads made from whole grains
Fish and shellfish, organic chicken or turkey
High-quality protein such as eggs, beans, low-fat dairy, and unsweetened yogurt

B. Foods to be avoided for patients with diabetes

Eat less:
Trans fats from partially hydrogenated or deep-fried foods
Packaged and fast foods, especially those high in sugar, baked goods, sweets, chips, desserts
White bread, sugary cereals, refined pastas or rice
Processed meat and red meat
Low-fat products that have replaced fat with added sugar, such as fat-free yogurt
II. MEDICATION
Metformin (Glucophage, Glumetza, others). Generally, metformin is the first medication prescribed for
type 2 diabetes. It works by improving the sensitivity of your body tissues to insulin so that your body
uses insulin more effectively. Metformin also lowers glucose production in the liver.
III.EXERCISES
Everyone needs regular aerobic exercise, and people who have type 2 diabetes are no exception. Get
your doctor's OK before you start an exercise program. Then choose activities you enjoy, such as
walking, swimming and biking. What's most important is making physical activity part of your daily
routine.
Aim for at least 30 minutes of aerobic exercise five days of the week. Stretching and strength training
exercises are important, too. If you haven't been active for a while, start slowly and build up gradually.
A combination of exercises aerobic exercises, such as walking or dancing on most days, combined
with resistance training, such as weightlifting or yoga twice a week often helps control blood sugar
more effectively than either type of exercise alone.
Remember that physical activity lowers blood sugar. Check your blood sugar level before any activity.
You might need to eat a snack before exercising to help prevent low blood sugar if you take diabetes
medications that lower your blood sugar.

CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT
I. DIET
A. Foods to be EATEN
A low-fat, high-fibre diet that includes wholegrains and at least five portion of fruits and vegetable a day is
recommended for a healthy heart and brain. Limit the amount of salt that you take to no more than 6g (0.2oz
or 1 teaspoon) a day. Too much salt will increase your blood pressure. Check the salt content of processed
foods and try not to add salt to your food.
B. Foods to be AVOIDED
Avoid eating high saturated fat because it will increase your cholesterol level
Meat pies
Sausages and fatty cuts of meat
Butter
Hard cheese
Cakes and biscuits
Also avoid: oily fish, avocados, nuts and seeds, and olive oil
II. MEDICATION
For example, you may be prescribed:
Statins to help lower blood cholesterol levels
Anticoagulants (blood-thinning medication) such as Warfarin to help prevent Blood clots from heart disease
or atrial fibrillation antiplatelet agents such as low dose aspirin or clopidogrel to prevent blood clots from
blood vessel diseases angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or a calcium blocker to treat high
blood pressure
III. EXERCISE
To maintain a good level of health, the Department of Health recommends you do at least:
150 minutes (2 hours and 30 minutes) of moderate-intensity aerobic activity, such as cycling or fast walking,
every week, and muscle strengthening training on two or more days a week that work all major muscle groups
(the legs, hips, back, abdomen, chest, shoulders and arms)

ARTHRITIS
I. DIET
A.Foods to be EATEN
It's very important to eat a healthy, balanced diet if you have arthritis. Eating healthily will give you all the
nutrients you need and help you maintain a healthy weight.
Your diet should consist of a variety of foods from all five food groups. These are:
Fruit and vegetable
Starchy foods such as bread, rice, potatoes and pasta
meat, fish, egg and beans
Milk and dairy foods
foods containing fat and sugar
If you're overweight, losing weight can really help you cope with arthritis. Too much weight places excess
pressure on the joints in your hips, knees, ankles and feet, leading to increased pain and mobility problems.
B.Foods to be AVOIDED
Red meat. Many cuts of red meat contain high levels of saturated fat, which can exacerbate inflammation and
also contribute to obesity. Red meat also contains omega-6 fatty acids, which can contribute to inflammation if
your intake is too high. Some people with RA have reported that their symptoms improve when they rid their
diet of red meat. However, lean cuts of red meat may provide protein and important nutrients for people with
rheumatoid arthritis, without causing additional inflammation.
Sugar and refined flour. Your blood sugar levels can surge after you've eaten simple carbohydrates that are
easily broken down by the body. Such foods include sugary snacks and drinks, white-flour bread and pasta,
and white rice. A spike in your blood sugar prompts the body to produce pro-inflammatory chemicals called
cytokines, which can worsen your RA symptoms if the inflammation affects your joints. These foods can also
cause you to put on the pounds, stressing your joints.
Fried foods. Cutting out fried foods can reduce your levels of inflammation, according to researchers from the
Mount Sinai School of Medicine. Their study, which was published in the 2009 Journal of Clinical
Endocrinology and Metabolism, reported that fried foods contain toxins called advanced glycation end
products, which can increase oxidation in the body's cells. Fried foods are also high in fat and can contribute to
obesity.
Gluten. Gluten, a protein found in grains such as wheat, rye, and barley, may contribute to inflammation in
some people. Doctors believe that the effect can be even greater for people with an autoimmune disorder
such as celiac disease or rheumatoid arthritis.
Alcohol. The effect of alcohol on rheumatoid arthritis is not clear-cut. Moderate alcohol consumption has
actually been shown to decrease the risk for RA and slow its progression, according to a 2012 review of studies
published in Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America. A BMJ study published that year had similar findings:
Women who drank more than three glasses of alcohol a week had half the risk for rheumatoid arthritis that
teetotalers had. However, drinking too much alcohol can cause a spike in the body's levels of C-reactive
protein (CRP), according to research published in Alcohol and Alcoholism in 2009. CRP is a powerful signal of
inflammation, and the study's findings indicate that overindulgence in alcohol could increase inflammation
and be detrimental to RA.
Processed foods. Processed foods, from supermarket-shelf snacks to meals that come ready-to-eat or require
minimal cooking, tend to be loaded with ingredients that cause inflammation. Such products are packed with
sugar, refined flour, and saturated fats all making the food irresistible but also unhealthy. Always read the
Nutrition Facts label and the ingredient list on processed foods to make wise choices that won't aggravate
your rheumatoid arthritis symptoms.
II. MEDICATION
The medications used to treat arthritis vary depending on the type of arthritis. Commonly used arthritis
medications include:
Analgesics. These medications help reduce pain, but have no effect on inflammation. Examples include
acetaminophen (Tylenol, others), tramadol (Ultram, Ultracet, others) and narcotics containing oxycodone
(Percocet, Oxycontin, others) or hydrocodone (Norco, Vicoprofen, others).
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). NSAIDs reduce both pain and inflammation. Over-the-
counter NSAIDs include ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others) and naproxen sodium (Aleve). Some types of
NSAIDs are available only by prescription. Oral NSAIDs can cause stomach irritation, and some may increase
your risk of heart attack or stroke. Some NSAIDs are also available as creams or gels, which can be rubbed on
joints.
Counterirritants. Some varieties of creams and ointments contain menthol or capsaicin, the ingredient that
makes hot peppers spicy. Rubbing these preparations on the skin over your aching joint may interfere with the
transmission of pain signals from the joint itself.
Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). Often used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, DMARDs slow or
stop your immune system from attacking your joints. Examples include methotrexate (Trexall) and
hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil).
Biologic response modifiers. Typically used in conjunction with DMARDs, biologic response modifiers are
genetically engineered drugs that target various protein molecules that are involved in the immune response.
Examples include etanercept (Enbrel) and infliximab (Remicade).
Corticosteroids. This class of drug, which includes prednisone and cortisone, reduces inflammation and
suppresses the immune system. Corticosteroids can be taken orally or be injected directly into the painful
joint.
III. EXERCISE
If your arthritis is painful, you may not feel like exercising. However, being active can help reduce and prevent
pain. Regular exercise can also:
improve your range of movement and joint mobility
increase muscle strength
reduce stiffness
boost your energy
As long as you do the right type and level of exercise for your condition, your arthritis won't get any worse.
Combined with a healthy, balanced diet, regular exercise will help you lose weight and place less strain on your
joints.