Contents

2 Loving life in the wild

4 Primates in Ecuador

8 How to use this guide

10 Forests in Ecuador

12 Primate observation protocol

14 Amazon species accounts

48 Pacific Coast species accounts

58 Primate observation trails in Ecuador

60 Where to go

66 Respecting life

A female Red Howler Monkey and her

b
baby rapidly clambering at tree.
 Ecuador: a multi-faceted country
F
or nature lovers and those who
LOVING LIFE enjoy traveling, Ecuador is an
ideal country. Despite its small
IN THE WILD size, it houses an enormous diversity
of flora and fauna over a wide range
of habitats. Ecuador is amongst the
richest countries in world in terms of
primate diversity, resulting in fantastic
differences in size, fur and color. This
is pleasing both for travelers looking
for diversity in forests and for mon-
key lovers. It would be possible to visit
splendid dry forests with kapok trees
and find howler monkeys one day, and
watch spider monkeys in a charming
cloud forest the next day.
Habitat loss, hunting and illegal wildlife trade
put forests and large animals like monkeys
in serious risk. People who rely on forests
to survive are sometimes forced to choose
between taking care of their environment or
Waking up senses early in Cabins built with nature-
the morning
2 at Paacocha friendly materials, Sani Howler monkey silently moving
lake, Orellana Province. Lodge, Orellana. through forest canopy.
obtaining income by exploiting natural re-
sources. Ecotourism is a great alternative for
conserving Ecuadorian forests and all organ-
isms that depend on them, including primates.
This benefits not only nature but it helps local
peoples economies as well.
Practicing ecotourism is the best way to
enjoy an unforgettable experience in the
forests of Ecuador while contributing to
their conservation. Enjoy yourself on a trip
filled with learning experiences and let
yourself be captivated with everything na-
ture has to offer!
Dont hunt monkeys, dont buy them, and
dont mistreat them. Capturing and trading
primates is illegal. Contribute to their con-
servation by reporting illegal wildlife trade to
the Environment Protection Unit of the Police
Unidad de Proteccin del Medio Ambiente de
la Polica- (593 2) 234 2799/234 9752.
3
Allow yourself to journey through the exu-
berant forests of Ecuador and have a unique
experience with some of the most impres-
sive animals: the primates (monkeys).
PRIMATES IN ECUADOR
E cuador, mega diverse from north to
south and east to west, is becoming a
must-see destination for nature lovers. This
country harbors thousands of life forms in a
wide variety of habitats. Primates humans
included! are undoubtedly some of the
most interesting of these life forms. None-
theless, human origins differ from the rest of
primates that live in Ecuador.
Non-human primates arrived to America,
from Africa, 38 million years ago. This was
long before human beings, who arrived 14
thousand years ago. Thousands of years of
geographic and environmental changes that
shaped our continent resulted in the exis-
tence of 139 primate species; 20 of them
live in Ecuadors current boundaries.
Songs, games and leaps fill it forests in the
Amazonian and coastal forests, wherein 16
and 4 monkey species, respectively, can be
found. Ecuadorian monkeys live in forests
below 2 400 meters elevation, excepting
4 aging 6 months
islands, in areas with little human interven-
tion. Every species has its own behavioral
patterns, which makes it possible for many
species to coexist in the same territory.
Because of these traits, one could find a
capuchin, a spider monkey and a howler
monkey living peacefully side by side.
Primates are full of surprises that can be
reached if approached the right way. This
guide provides the necessary tools to come
close to the wonderful world of monkeys
and to witness their lives in the wild.
How to identify a primate from other animals
When looking at a primate you can see many
human traits. They live in communities, they
fight amongst themselves and they even rec-
oncile, just like humans. We share most of our
genes with other primates; maybe thats why
they are so appealing to us!
Primates have acquired many different
traits that make living in trees easier. They
A woolly monkey kid,
5 old,
hugging her mother.
 One of the commonest
Amazonian primates:
the squirrel monkey.

have developed maneuverability in their fin-

gers and extremities, nails instead of claws,
great vision, upright posture and some other
unique traits. These features have helped
them to move with precision and coordina-
tion. Their large brains (when compared to
body size) also allow them to behave more
complexly than other animals.

So, if you see a fast moving, very nimble

arboreal mammal, with a long tail and erect
posture, it will most likely turn out to be a
primate!

What are American primates like?

The primates that live on our continent dif-

fer greatly from their well-known African
relatives: gorillas and chimpanzees. First,
none of them live on the ground and most
have long tails that are used as an extra
arm to move around in trees. They have
large eyes, small ears, side-oriented nos-
trils, short mouths, long limbs and flexible
fingers that help them hold on to branches.

Small, big animals: their role in forests

Monkeys play important roles that keep life

on earth functioning. They are great fruit
eaters, and by doing so, disperse seeds
and favor the continuity of forests. Else,
they serve as food for predators such as
felines and birds of prey. Because of their
important roles, if primates disappear, so Monkeys beautify forests
will lots of other animal and plant species, with their happiness, voices
something that could alter the natural bal- and movement.
ance of entire ecosystems.
Resting time begins for diurnal
primates after sunset; Yasuni
6 7
National Park.
 HOW TO USE THIS GUIDE
The purpose of this guide is to provide necessary tools for watching Ecuadorian primates
in the wild. This guide is made up of different sections in which Ecuadorian primates are
introduced. Some of the best locations where each species can be found are included.
This guide contains several sections in which the primates of Ecuador are shown, includ-
ing some of the best spots to observe each species. You will also find some tools that will
help you to approach the world of the Ecuadorian primates. Species accounts contain:

4
6

1 8 9

1 Scientific name and common names used in differ- 5 Identifying traits and comparisons between similar spe-
ent regions and in each regions native language. cies that might cause confusion in field observations.

2 Map of potential distribution in Ecuador. Without
showing the habitat loss or degradation.
3 Photograph.
4 Habitat and behavior information of each species.
6 Conservation status of each species in Ecuador.
7 Map and information about recommended areas for
monkey observation, where responsible ecotourism
is practiced. For detailed information on every recom-
mended site see Key Sites section.

Activity (if it is mainly a diurnal or nocturnal
primate).
Diet (type of food: fruit, flowers, insects, nectar,
leaves, small vertebrates and other items).
Grouping (solitary, pairs, groups).
8 9
8 Useful advice on how to approach and observe each
species. This will enable you to enjoy your experience
to the fullest and avoid negative impact upon monkeys
and their environment.
9 Identification silhouette
Relaxed monkey observation from
a digout canoe in an Amazonian
black-water lagoon.
 Ecuadors
Forests

T
here are many different habitats in forests
where monkeys live. A forest is made up
of different layers starting from the ground
and going up to tree tops. Each species prefers a
specific habitat for feeding, moving around and
finding refuges. There are different forest types.
For example, in the Amazon, forests differ ac-
cording to altitude, amount of rainfall and water
level in rivers. When rainfall increases, rivers
flood lowland areas and transform them into
swamps. Depending on water origin, swamps
can be classified as black water or white water
swamps. High parts that do not flood are known
as terra firme forests. Further, primates select
one forest type or another according to the re-
sources provided (mature fruit, young leaves).
According to the degree of degradation a
forest may be:
Primary (well-conserved, no alteration).
Secondary (altered by natural causes like
falling trees; regenerating).
Intervened or altered (affected by humans).

FOREST STRUCTURE

Upper stratum
or emergent

Mid stratum
or canopy

The great variety of forms and sizes Lower stratum,

of Amazonian trees provides shelter subcanopy
for monkeys.
or understory
(up to 20 m)

10 11
One of the best options
to find primates.

PRIMATE
OBSERVATION
PROTOCOL

I ts important that you follow this advice be-

fore you embark upon your great adventure
with Ecuadors primates. It will help you enjoy
your experience to the fullest and also mini-
mize negative impact on these animals.
Before you leave:
Bring binoculars, bottled water, food, a rain-
coat and a flashlight (if you decide to search
for nocturnal monkeys).
Do not use insect repellent, sun block,
creams or lotions that have strong odor.
Wear dark colors (browns, greens, blacks);
avoid reds, oranges, yellows and whites.
Do not go after monkey if you suffer from
any health problems.
Go exploring in groups of maximum 4-5
people. If you are bringing children, explain to
them beforehand that they must be silent and
respectful to the animals.
During the exploration:
Move slowly through the forest or river.
Make frequent stops and scan all the trees
around you.
Be silent or keep your voice down during
searches and if you find monkeys.
Listen carefully for noise coming from
trees such as movement, breaking branches
or vocalizations.
Being optimistic, Look for a good spot to observe the mon-
patient and alert will keys, try not to get to close or make sudden
help you find these movements.
beautiful animals! Avoid eating while watching them.
Do not chase the monkeys if they decide
A tamarin cheering up Silent walks through to leave.
the landscape with its the jungle are ideal for
12 searching monkeys. 13
golden mantle.
Canopy bridges provide stupendous
opportunities for observing canopy-
dwelling wildlife.

Amazonian
primates
14 15
 What are its habits? ing it a dirty appearance. Its white mask and
It lives in primary and degraded forests, near black snout make it look like a clown. Its long
water bodies. It moves a few feet above the tail ends in tuft of black hairs, similar to a li-
ground where vegetation is dense, branches ons tail. It is thin and has short fur.
are thin and lianas abound. It may descend Similar species: the white-fronted capuchin
to the ground to look for invertebrates which is bigger, cream colored and has a prehensile
represent a large proportion of its diet. It is tail that is used to hold on to branches.
very active, spending most of the day mov-
ing around. In stressful or exciting situations, Conservation status
it washes its hands with urine and frays its Near threatened (NT) will probably be assigned
feet. Sometimes it associates with other to a threat category in the future. Its main threats
monkeys like the white-fronted capuchin to are habitat degradation and illegal wildlife trade,
look for food, as it takes advantage of the as it is highly prized as pet.
capuchin ability to find food, whilst both spe-
cies are alert for predators. Interestingly, the
double-toothed kite (a small forest hawk) Coca
Sani Lodge Cofn
Zbalo
Cuyabeno
Nap Center
follows troops of these monkeys to feed on Napo Wildlife
Center
o ri
ve
r
F.P.R
Agua
to Quito rico

invertebrates that flee from them. riv

e

r
v
utini ri er
Tip

Diurnal. Yasun
N.P.

Babaturo Lodge
Insects, fruit, nectar, flowers.
Curara
y ri
10 to over 100 individuals. Mixed groups. ve
r 0 30

km

Identification traits Recommended search areas:

25-32 cm (9.06 12.6 inches) (without tail). Yasuni National Park; Cuyabeno Fauna Produc-
Yellow olive with darker tinge throughout, giv- tion Reserve.
The monkey with a large family

SQUIRREL MONKEY Saimiri sciureus

Search tactics and recommendations:

Common names
Bariso, mono payaso (clown monkey), mono soldado (soldier monkey),
machn, martn, tsnksh (shuar, achuar), fatsii (cofn), yekiri (huaorani),
warisa (quichua), po sisi (secoya), tsem (shuar), bo sisi (sionasecoya).
16
Walk near river and lake edges (or paddle them); this monkey is com-
monly found in riparian habitats.
Paddle slowly and pay attention to any branch movement accompanied
by short and sharp whistles.
Once you find it, remain where you are and observe your surroundings.
Troops tend to be large and observation opportunities are good. It is not nec-
essary to approach to the primates.
17
 Common names
Mono aullador (howler monkey), coto, mono
roncador (snoring monkey), mono llorn (wee-
ping monkey), yakm (achuar y shuar), acho
(cofn), iw (huaorani), tamia kutu (quichua).
What are its habits?
It lives in primary or recently intervened
forests; prefers palm swamps and flooded
forests at river or lake shores. As leaves are
its main food, it can subsist in small forest
patches. It moves around in the middle and
top strata of the forest, but can descend to
ground to eat minerals in salt licks or drink
water from ponds. Males loud vocalizations
are used both for territorial defense and for
protecting his harem (two or more fertile fe-
males). A curious behavior in this species is
Identification traits
Large size (45-70 cm (17.72-22.56 inches),
without tail). Mostly deep red with orange tufts,
a unique trait in large Amazonian primates. It in-
clines its chest forward while moving, stretches
both arms and uses its tail as an extremity. Males
are larger than females and have a bulge in their
throats that is used as a resonating chamber for
their calls. They also have big whitish testicles.
Conservation status
Near threatened (NT) will probably be as-
signed to a higher threat category in the future.
They may seem rather tolerant to habitat deg-
radation, but a noticeable population decline
has been noticed. It will probably be upgraded
to a threat category in the near future.
Colombia 0 30

that it urinates and defecates as a defense to Quito

km

mechanism against predators. It often con- Lago Agrio

Guacamayos
sorts with other species like white-fronted Lodge

capuchin, black capuchin, squirrel monkey Shushufindi

Cuyabeno
F.P.R.

and spider monkey. They are called tamia Sani Per

Lodge Cofn
kutu (rain monkey) in quichua, because they Zbalo
Center
Napo
sing before and after rainfall. i Riv
er
Napo Wildlife
Center
Riv
e Agua
rico
Riv
tin

r
e r
pu
Ti

Diurnal Yasun
N.P.

Leaves, fruit, flowers. Recommended search areas:

Yasuni National Park and surrounding areas;
1 to 9 individuals, mixed groups. Cuyabeno Fauna Production Reserve.

Search tactics and recommendations:

The rain monkey Steer yourself by its strong and unparalleled roars at dawn (5h00-6h00).
This will let you know where to start your search.
Look for it quietly and pay attention for any subtle branch movements.

RED HOWLER This is a quiet monkey that moves slowly.

Search on trees with large horizontal branches exposed to the sun. The

MONKEY
howler monkey often rests and sunbathes on these branches.
Do not search when it is raining, cold or there is too much sunlight. Pri-
Alouatta seniculus mates stay inactive in these conditions to save energy!
18 19
 What are its habits? and square-headed appearance. When walk-
Its whereabouts in Ecuador are not well- ing it coils its tail with the end pointing down
known. It has been found in primary, second- and uses it for support.
ary and degraded forests. It usually moves Similar species: the white-fronted capuchin
around in the middle and lower strata of is paler. Woolly monkeys are bigger, more ro-
forests, but might also visit the ground when bust and furrier. The squirrel monkey is smaller,
hunting insects, small vertebrates or drinking yellowish, has a white snout and keeps its tail
water. Its a skillful frog hunter, often hiding straight when moving.
amongst plants to assault them. The troops Conservation status
dominant male can copulate with all repro-
ductive females, and is in charge of defending Near threatened (NT) will probably be as-
them from predators. It might momentarily signed to a threat category in the future.
band together with other primates like the Habitat degradation and hunting could place
white-fronted capuchin and squirrel monkey. its populations in serious extinction risk. Its
It is said that this monkey is very surly and shyness may be due to intense hunting.
that during food searches it eats practically
anything that crosses its path. Coca
Sani Lodge Cofn
Zbalo Cuyabeno
Nap Center
Napo Wildlife
oR F.P.R.
iv e
Center r Aguar
to Quito ic oR
Diurnal. i ve

r
ni River
Tiputi
Fruit, seeds, insects, small vertebrates,
nectar.
Yasun
N.P.
5-20 individuals, mixed groups. Per

Babaturo Lodge

Identification traits Curar

ay Riv
er
Mid-sized (35-50 cm (13.78-19.69 inches), 0 30

without tail). It is brown with lighter patches

km

on shoulders, chest and belly, and darker

patches on forearms, hands, feet and tail. Its Recommended search areas:
Ecuadors surliest and most white mask and black crest provide a large Yasuni National Park and surrounding areas.
elusive monkey
Search tactics and recommendations:

TUFTED CAPUCHIN Being an elusive species, your search must be rigorous, slow and cautious
as to avoid driving it away.
Cebus macrocephalus
Be on the alert for any sounds indicating that the monkey is noisily travel-
ing through the forest.
Common names Because it is a surly monkey, it will be difficult to observe for long time. Try
to remain silent and still to prolong your observation time.
Capuchino caf (brown capuchin), machn, mico, machn negro, nukajiam
(achuar), sian ongu (cofn), boguinca (huaorani), mirt (shuar), take Do not chase the troop because they are very fast and you will not be able
(sionasecoya). to catch them up.
20 21
 What are its habits?
It belongs to the sole group of nocturnal primates
of America. It lives in primary or degraded forests,
and even in coffee plantations. It equally occupies
flooded and terra firme forests. It moves from 10-
20 meters above ground, roosting during the day
in hollow tree trunks and old palm trees. Other
mammals like kinkajous (Potos flavus) and por-
cupines (Coendou bicolor) use the same places
for refuge. It wakes up a little after nightfall and
takes cover before dawn, also resting around
midnight. It is more active during full moon, pos-
sibly because it can see more clearly and memo-
rize its travel routes. It lives in couples (male and
female), and the male is the one who carries the
infant and teaches it to search for food.
usually held hanging. When walking, it arches its
back and keeps its head at shoulder level.
Similar species: The lemurine night monkey
lives at higher altitudes and is usually darker.
Other nocturnal mammals like kinkajou (Po-
tos flavus) and olingo (Bassaricyon gabbii)
lack facial mask, have smaller and more
separate eyes and longer snouts.
Conservation status
Near threatened (NT) it will probably be as-
signed to a higher threat category in the fu-
ture. Little is known about its populations. It is
thought that deforestation may have serious
effects on this species.
to Quito Lago Agrio Colombia

Guacamayos
Nocturnal. Lodge
Cuyabeno
Shushufindi F.P.R.
Sani Per
Cofn
Lodge Zbalo
Fruit, flowers, insects. Center
Coca Napo Wildlife Napo Aguar
Center Riv
e
ico
r Riv
e

2-6 individuals, mixed groups.

r
er
i Riv
tin
pu
Ti
Yasun
Identification traits N.P

Babaturo 0 30
Lodge
Mid-sized (25-45 cm, (9.84 17.7 inches) with- km
out tail). Brownish to grayish, with orange belly.
Fur is plentiful and spongy. Round face with big Recommended search areas:
brown eyes surrounded by a mask of white hair. Yasuni National Park and surroundings;
The owl monkey Tail is long, dark and bulky at the end, and is Cuyabeno Fauna Production Reserve.
of the amazon
Search tactics and recommendations:
During the day look in hollow tree trunks. Knock softly on the trunk to lure
NOISY NIGHT them out; they will usually stick their heads out. Return at night to the same
spot to watch them in action.
MONKEY Aotus vociferans
Slowly scan the surrounding trees with your flashlight. Focus mainly on the mid-
dle layers of the forest and on treetops. Dont forget your rechargeable batteries.
If you hear any branch movement, quickly point your flashlight in the
Common names direction of the sound. If you see big shiny eyes you will probably be looking
Tutamono, mico de noche, mono de noche (night monkey), butuch
at a nocturnal monkey.
(achuar), macoro (cofn), jute (huaorani), pundia (quichua), ujukam Do not be afraid if leaves and branches fall noisily, this is how nocturnal monkeys
(shuar), ami naso (sionasecoya), macuru (Pastaza). react towards human presence. Even though you might not see it, it sees you!
22 23
 What are its habits?
Little is known about the ecology of this in-
habitant of the eastern slopes of the Andes.
It lives inside higher altitude forests than
the noisy night monkey. It has been found
in primary and degraded forests. Occasion-
ally, it has been found in trees right next
to roads. In the morning it rests in hollow
tree trunks and gets active at night. This
monkey has acquired acute sight, essen-
tial for its nocturnal life. Its eyes are more
sensitive to light than diurnal monkeys. A
large vocal repertoire as well as chemical
signals released by glands or urine are also
useful traits for nocturnal communication.
It moves quickly and is very curious, even
following people without being noticed.
long and usually held hanging down. Moves
quickly and nimbly.
Similar species: the noisy night monkey
lives in tropical lands and has lighter colored
fur. The kinkajou and the olingo lack facial
mask, their eyes are smaller and more sepa-
rated and have longer snouts.
Conservation status
Data deficient (DD). Current status of its
populations is unknown, but it is thought to
be threatened by deforestation and popula-
tion isolation.
to Quito Cayambe-Coca
N.P.

Antisana Baeza
Nocturnal. E.R.
Sumaco
Napo-Galeras
N.P.
River
Fruit, leaves, flowers, insects, bird eggs. Q uijo
s
Las Caucheras
Cosanga

Cosang San
a Riv
Isidro
2 to 4 individuals. Mixed groups. e

r
Identification traits 0 20

km
Medium size (24-45 cm (9.45 17.7 inches),
without tail). Dark brown to grayish, with rich
orange belly. Furry body. Striking big brown Recommended search areas:
eyes surrounded by a white mask. Its tail is Cosanga (Napo Province).
Monkey of the mist
Search tactics and recommendations:
During daytime, look for it in hollow tree trunks where it rests. You can knock

LEMURINE NIGHT lightly on the trunk to lure them out. They will usually stick their heads out.
To observe it at night, track down their refuge during daytime and return before

MONKEY
nightfall.
Scan trees with your flashlight, focusing mainly on the middle layers of the forest
Aotus lemurinus and tree tops. Dont forget your rechargeable batteries!
If you hear any branch movement, quickly point your flashlight in the direction of the
Common names sound. Big bright eyes will indicate that there is a nocturnal monkey there.
Mono nocturno (nocturnal monkey), mico de noche, tutamono, Do not be frightened by branches and leaves falling noisily; this is how it reacts after
tutamunu (quichua), ujukam (shuar). human presence. Even though you dont see it, it sees you!
24 25
 What are its habits?
It can only be found in primary forests north
of the Aguarico River. It lives in terra firme
forests and in margins between terra firme
and swamps. It moves 15-25 meters above
ground, avoiding open spaces such as large
swamps or palm stands. It defends its terri-
tory with loud calls, usually early in the morn-
ing. Male and female sing in duos. Females
are known to vocalize to attract males. These
primates like to sleep on the highest branch-
es of trees, intertwining their tails. A quichua
song says that this primate stained its hands
making chicha (a traditional beverage), ex-
plaining why it has yellow hands.
Similar species: the red titi monkey is
lighter brown, its belly and chest are
deep red and has a white frontal diadem.
Graells tamarin is much smaller and thin-
ner, and has a white snout. The equatorial
saki monkey is bigger, furrier and has a
bulky tail.
Conservation status
Vulnerable (VU) high risk of extinction in the
wild. This species is very sensitive to habitat
loss and degradation, so might be seriously
affected by deforestation.

Colombia
Diurnal.
to Quito 0 30

Lago Agrio km
Guacamayos
Fruit, insects, flowers, seeds. Lodge
Tarapoa
Cuyabeno
La Y del F.P.R.
Shushufindi Cuyabeno
2- 5 individuals. Mixed groups. Per
Cofn
Zbalo
Center
Napo
Riv Aguar
Identification traits tini
Riv er
er ico
Riv
e
ipu

r
T
Yasun
Small (31-38 cm) (12.2 14.96 inches). N.P.

Dark brown with reddish staining. Fur is

abundant, long and spongy. It has a white
collar around its neck and its hands are
yellowish. When it moves it keeps its head Recommended search areas:
The chicha making monkey at the same level as its back. Cuyabeno Fauna Production Reserve.

YELLOW-HANDED Search tactics and recommendations:

TITI MONKEY Callicebus lucifer This monkeys odd and unmistakable morning calls: long and repetitive
grunts and yells, will help you find them.

Common names
Search early in the morning (6h00-8h00) and after 16h00, when they are
more active.
Cotoncillo negro (black titi), tit de manos blancas (white handed titi), viudita (litt-
le widow), mono negro (black monkey), monja (nun), tsoga (cofn), yana sukali Look for it thoroughly in medium to tall trees; it may go by unnoticed when
(quichua), nea wao (sionasecoya). inactive.
26 27
 What are its habits? Similar species: tamarins are smaller,
It lives in all kinds of forests, from primary to re- have less abundant fur and are more agile.
cently intervened forests, but mostly near rivers, Red howler monkey is bigger, completely
lakes or swamps, where vegetation is dense reddish and uses its tail as a fifth limb to
and lianas proliferate. It can be found from 8-23 move around.
cm (3.15 9.06 inches) above ground. Since Conservation status
leaves are a main component of its diet and
they take a long time to digest, this monkey is Near threatened (NT) It will probably be as-
not very active and its movements are slow. It signed to threat category in the future. Even
is monogamous, male and female may be to- though it can live in fairly degraded habitats,
gether their entire lives. Offspring separates low quality of resources (such as food) and
from the family when they are ready to breed. population isolation resulting from deforesta-
These monkeys are very affective; possibly as a tion may affect it.
strategy to maintain the pair bond.
Sani Lodge Cofn
Coca Zbalo Cuyabeno
Na
po
Center F.P.R.
Diurnal. to Quito
Napo Wildlife
Center
Ri
v
Aguar
ico

er
Riv
e

r
Leaves, fruit, seeds, insects Tip
utin
i River

2-5 individuals. Mixed groups. Yasun

N.P.

Identification traits Babaturo Lodge

Small (28-34 cm) (11.02 13.39 inches). Light Curara

yR
iv e
0 30
r
brown back with reddish tinge. Its ventral parts km

vary from orange to deep red. It has a white

frontal diadem. Fur is plentiful and spongy. Head Recommended search areas:
is held at the same level as shoulders and back. Yasuni National Park and surroundings; Cuy-
Long, straight tail that hangs when moving. abeno Fauna Production Reserve.

The loyal monkey Search tactics and recommendations:

These monkeys utter loud, distinct, repetitive and prolonged cries and
yells from dawn to the early morning (6h00-8h00). Let yourself be guided

RED TITI MONKEY

by your ear to find them.
They are usually found on the edge of water bodies, so it is a good idea
Callicebus discolor to search them from a canoe.
Sail slowly and keep your eyes open because this species can go un-
noticed when not moving.
Common names A good time to look for it is late in the afternoon when it is moving around
Cotoncillo rojo (red cotoncillo), tit rojo (red titi), socayo, guapo (handso- searching for food.
me), songo songo, sunk-mat, kungik (achuar, shuar), tsoga (cofn), Gaze at small to medium trees on the edge of rivers or lakes, where
gonaduca (waorani) vegetation is dense.
28 29
 What are its habits? rolled downwards. Its arms look muscular.
It can only be found in primary terra firme Similar species: the spider monkey is black
forests or temporarily flooded forests. Some- with white fur on its ventral region, its ex-
times it visits forest edges in lakes and riv- tremities are longer and it is less robust. The
ers but usually far from human populations. red howler monkey is red and thinner.
Found only south of the Aguarico River. It Conservation status
moves around mainly in the highest strata
of the forest (above 20 m). up to 90% of its Endangered (EN) very high risk of extinction
diet is made up of fruit. Its preference for in the wild. Its main threat is hunting because
fruit coupled with its long travels through the of its highly prized meat. Intense deforesta-
jungle makes it an important seed disperser. tion and forest degradation also affect it; it has
When it defecates, seeds are dropped on the even vanished from many areas.
forest ground, contributing to the continued
existence of diverse forests.
Sani Lodge Cofn
Coca Zbalo Cuyabeno
Na Center F.P.R.
Diurnal. Napo Wildlife
Center
po
Ri
v
Aguar
to Quito ico

er
Riv
e
Fruit, insects, seeds, leaves, small verte-

r
i River
utin
brates. Tip

Yasun
2-25 individuals, mixed groups. N.P.

Babaturo Lodge

Identification traits
Curara
yR
iv e
Big and robust (39-59 cm (15.35 23.23 r 0 30

km
inches), without tail). Mainly light to dark
brown. Fur is short, soft and bulky. Its tail is
long, strong and prehensile. When walking Recommended search areas:
it keeps its back straight and its tail up but Yasuni National Park and surrounding areas.

The forest farmer

Search tactics and recommendations:

It is very noisy when moving through branches. To distinguish this noise

BROWN WOOLLY from the one made by the wind, look if branch movements repeat once
and again.

MONKEY Lagothrix poeppiggi

When travelling, these monkeys make loud and sharp sounds as well as
high and repetitive shouts.
Take notice of sudden branch movements at the forests edge when
paddling at rivers and lakes.
Common names Do not stand under the trees where the woolly monkeys are; large twigs
Chorongo, mono choro, barrigudo (potbellied), chorongo colorado (red may fall due to branch movement.
woolly monkey), chu (shuar and achuar), gata (waorani), churunku Try to camouflage yourself, this way you can observe the monkeys for
(quichua), ma naso (sionasecoya). longer without altering their behavior.
30 31
 What are its habits?
Primary forest dweller, only north of the
Aguarico River. It prefers terra firme or
seasonally flooded forests, and is regularly
found at river and lake edges, mainly at
highest forest strata (above 15 m) (49.21 ft).
During the day it can travel up to 3 km (1.86
miles) searching for food; primarily mature
fruit that is swallowed entirely. This behavior
results in seed dispersal and subsequent
germination as the monkey travel through
the forest. It lives in troops with a strict so-
cial hierarchy. There is one dominant male
who has greater opportunity to mate with
females in breeding condition, as well as
better access to food. Groups are larger in
areas with little or no hunting.
Diurnal.
When moving quickly and nimbly, it keeps its
tail up and rolled at the tip.
Similar species: there are no other big pri-
mates within its range that may cause con-
fusion. Capuchin monkeys are smaller, one is
cream-colored and the other is deep brown
with darker parts all over its body.
Conservation status
Endangered (EN) high risk of extinction in the
wild. As it gives birth to a single infant every
two or more years, strong hunting pressure (it
is the most heavily hunted species) and habitat
loss put this species on the brink of extinction.
Colombia
0 30
to Quito
Lago Agrio km
Guacamayos
Lodge

Tarapoa La Y del Cuyabeno

F.P.R.
Fruit, seeds, leaves, insects. Shushufindi
Cuyabeno

Per
Cofn
Zbalo
2-60 individuals. N ap
oR
Center
ive Aguar
r ic oR
ive
i River r
utin
Identification traits Tip
Yasun
N.P.
Very big (40-68 cm) (15.75 26.77 inches).
Brownish gray to gray. Abundant and bulky
fur. Muscular appearance, especially its limbs. Recommended search areas:
Long tail, which is also used as traveling tool. Cuyabeno Fauna Production Reserve.

The monkey that wanders

throughout forests. Search tactics and recommendations:

It makes a lot of noise when moving. To distinguish this noise from the

SILVERY WOOLLY MONKEY one made by the wind, look if branch movements are followed by similar
movements.
Lagothrix lagotricha
When travelling through rivers and lakes, take notice of sudden branch
movements at forest edges.
Common names Do not stand under the trees the woolly monkey is on; heavy twigs may
fall due to branch movement.
Chorongo (woolly monkey), mono choro, mono negro (black monkey), barrigudo
(potbellied), chorongo blanco (white chorongo; north of Aguarico River), totosi Try to go unnoticed by the monkeys. This way you will observe the mon-
consi (cofn), churunku (quichua), naso (sionasecoya). keys for longer without altering their behavior.
32 33
 What are its habits? white, orange or gray tuft on crown.
It lives exclusively in primary forests south Similar species: the monk saki monkeys
of the Napo River, on terra firme and flooded face is the same color as its back and lacks
forests. It seems to prefer the highest strata a colored tuft on its crown. The red titi mon-
of the forest. When it travels through the jun- key is smaller, brown-and-red, and has a
gle, does so by jumping from treetop to tree- thinner tail.
top; this explains why it is called the fly-
Conservation status
ing monkey. It avoids places with tangled
vegetation or widely open areas. It spends Near threatened (NT) will probably be as-
most of the time sitting lethargically, hid- signed to a threat category in the future. Little
den between branches. Movements, though, is known about this species, but it is consid-
are quick and nimble. Being a monogamous ered to be threatened by habitat loss. This,
species, the male is responsible of taking combined with its monogamous reproductive
care of the young during the first stages of characteristics, makes it more vulnerable.
development.
Coca Cuyabeno
Sani F.P.R.
Diurnal. Napo Wildlife
Center
Lodge
Nap o Agua
to Quito Riv
er
rico
Riv
er

Seeds, fruit, flowers, insects. Tip

utin
i River

1-4 individuals. Solitary. Mixed groups. Yasun

N.P.
Per

Identification traits Babaturo

Lodge

Medium size (39-47 cm) (15.35 18.5 Curara

yR
ive
inches). Long and plentiful fur, grayish r 0 20

black mainly on its back. Dirty and dishev- km

eled appearance. Bulky and lush tail mostly

held hanging. Chest and belly are orange Recommended search areas:
brown. Short facial hair with a yellowish Yasuni National Park and surrounding areas.
The flying monkey

Search tactics and recommendations:

EQUATORIAL Search for it slowly and rigorously, it tends to stay motionless for many hours.

SAKI MONKEY Look for something furry and gray on the highest branches, its tail is
particularly bulky.
Pithecia aequatorialis When moving it utters sounds to keep in contact with other members of
the troop. These calls sound like high and repetitive bird trills.
Be on the alert for violent branch movements, its travels tend to be noisy
Common names especially when jumping from one treetop to the next.
Mono volador (flying monkey), mono saki (saki monkey), sepr pentsepets Hide yourself when observing them and dont come too close, they scare
(achuar- shuar), coguinko (huaorani), parahuaku (quichua). easily and will flee if notice the observer.
34 35
 What are its habits?
It lives in primary and secondary forests,
apparently preferring terra firme forests,
but also visiting forest edges to rivers
and lakes, especially black-water bodies.
It takes refuge in the highest branches of
trees. During long trips troops are divided
in small groups or individuals travel alone.
When frightened, it uses an escape strat-
egy in which the male distracts the intruder
with loud grunts while the rest of the group
flees. When the intruder is gone the male
rejoins the rest of the troop. It has large ca-
nines that allow it to break hard food items,
like seeds, that other primates cant open.
Similar species: the equatorial saki mon-
key has a yellowish bulky tuft on its crown.
Titi monkeys are smaller and have thinner
tails. The red titi monkey is brown-and-red;
the yellow-handed titi monkey is dark brown
with reddish tinges.
Conservation status
Near threatened will probably be assigned
to a threat category in the future. Although
there is little information about its popula-
tions, habitat degradation and loss is consid-
ered a serious risk for this species.
to Quito Lago Agrio Colombia

Guacamayos
Lodge
Cuyabeno
Diurnal. Shushufindi F.P.R.
Sani Per
Cofn
Lodge Zbalo
Center
Seeds, fruit, leaves. Coca Napo Wildlife Napo Aguar
Center Riv
e
ico
r Riv
e

r
1-8 individuals. Mixed groups. tin
iR
iver

pu
Ti
Yasun
N.P
Identification traits Babaturo
Lodge 0 30
Mid-sized (37-48 cm) (14.57 18.9 inches). km

Fur is long and plentiful, mostly gray. Dirty

and disheveled appearance. Black face with Recommended search areas:
a few white hairs. Lush, bulky and black tail Yasuni National Park and surroundings; Cuy-
that usually hangs down. abeno Fauna Production Reserve.

The forests tactician

Search tactics and recommendations:
Little activity before 8h00, after 16h00 and at noon, will make it harder

MONK SAKI MONKEY

for you to find it.
Look at the branches of the tallest trees; it usually sits on them for many
Pithecia monachus hours. Its bulky hanging tail can be used as a reference to find it.
Carefully listen to the sounds it makes to stay in contact with the troop. These
are high, sharp and repetitive clicks, as well as grunts when it feels threatened.
Common names Watch for sudden branch movements, it makes a lot of noise when jump-
Parahuaco, mono saki (saki monkey), sepr (shuar, achuar), ing from one tree to the next.
paravaco (cofn), coguinko (huaorani), parawaku (quichua), Hide when you see it and dont come too close. It scares easily and will
wao sutu (sionasecoya). flee when it sees you.
36 37
 What are its habits?
It lives in all kind of habitats, though mainly in
terra firme forest, and only north of the Napo
River. It prefers areas with abundant vegeta-
tion in the understory, which provides protec-
tion from predators and good opportunities to
find food. It has even been found in recently
degraded areas. Occupies heights from 5-20
meters (16.4 65.6 inches) above ground, but
might descend to the ground when hunting in-
sects. Different troops sometimes join together
to form large groups that remain jointly for sev-
eral days. During these encounters there may be
swapping of individuals between troops. During
the dry season it travels farther than during the
rainy season because there is less food. It uses
Similar species: the titi monkey is bigger, with
bulkier fur and is less agile when moving. It
differs from other tamarins in the absence of
reddish or orange mantle and yellowish patch
on its lower back. However, this species does
not coexist with the other two tamarins.
Conservation status
Vulnerable (VU) high risk of extinction in the
wild. Its distribution area in Ecuador is very
small and supports intense habitat degradation;
therefore, its populations are currently highly
endangered.
0 20

urine marks on branches to communicate with Cofn

Zbalo km
Center
other individuals. The name bebeleche (milk Cuyabeno
Tarapoa La Y del
drinker) is given due to its white whiskers. to Quito Cuyabeno
F.P.R.

Sani Aguar
ico Per
Lodge Riv
er
Diurnal.
Napo Wildlife Nap
o Riv
Center e r
Insects, flowers, fruit, tree exudates. utin
i River
Tip

2-9 individuals. Mixed groups. Yasun

N.P.

Identification traits
Small (21-25 cm, without tail) (8.27 9.84
inches), mostly black or dark gray, with soft Recommended search areas:
yellowish tones on its back and white snout. Yasuni National Park and surrounding areas;
Quick and nimble. Cuyabeno Fauna Production Reserve.
The monkey that drinks milk

Search tactics and recommendations:

Search for it through dense understory, it is usually resting on branches.
GRAELLS TAMARIN Saguinus graellsi
Its song is thin, similar to a birds chirp. If these sounds increase in volu-
me and frequency it means you are getting closer.
To identify it from other primates, notice its agile jumps, small size, thin
body and thin fur.
Common names If you search it from a canoe, move slowly because it is difficult to spot
due to its small size.
Chichico negro (black tamarin), leoncito (little lion), mono negro (black
monkey), chimashu (cofn), yana chichicu (quichua), nea sisi (sionasecoya). Pay attention to any branch movement at forest edges, it may be moving around.
38 39
 What are its habits? are dark brown with yellow streaks. Its belly
It lives in primary and secondary forests south and lower parts are reddish. When moving,
of the Napo River, mostly in the intervening it does so very fast and nimbly, with its tail
areas between terra firme forest, flooded for- straight, generally hanging downwards.
est and open areas near human populations. Similar species: the back of golden-mantled
It prefers the middle and lower strata of the tamarin is gold or orange. The pygmy marmo-
jungle, where vegetation is dense and there set is smaller and yellower. The titi monkey is
are abundant lianas. It lives in groups made bigger and furrier.
up of many individuals that help taking care
of the young. This is an excellent strategy for Conservation status
the young to thrive. Groups can be formed by Near threatened (NT) will probably be as-
one male and one female, one female and signed a threat category in the future. Forest
many males or one male and many females. alteration may put its populations at risk.
It is a very social species that communicates
with other members of its species with vo-
calizations, chemical signals and even facial to Quito Cuyabeno
F.P.R.
expressions. It spends a lot of time grooming Coca Napo Wildlife
Sani
Lodge
Nap Aguar
Center oR i co R
others and being groomed. ive
r
i ve
r

iR iver
utin
Tip

Diurnal.
Yasun
N.P.
Fruit, insects, flowers, nectar, tree exudates. Babaturo
Per
Lodge

2-12 individuals. Mixed groups. Curaray

Ri v
er
0 20
km
Identification traits
Small (17-27 cm) (6.69 10.63 inches) and
varied coloration. Head, arms, shoulders and Recommended search areas:
A very social monkey tail are black or dark brown; its back and hips Yasuni National Park and surrounding areas.

SADDLEBACKED Search tactics and recommendations:

TAMARIN Search for it through dense understory vegetation, where it usually rests.
Saguinus fuscicollis
Its song is high-pitched and repetitive, similar to a birds chirp. Its song
Common names with increase in volume and frequency when alarmed by the presence of
an outsider.
Chichico, bebeleche (milk drinker), leoncito (little lion), chichico rojo (red
tamarin), borla blanco (white tassel), pinchich (achuar, shuar), yatomo Be cautious and move slowly when you find it; dont chase it because it
(huaorani), puca chichicu (quichua), ma sisi (sionasecoya). scares easily and will flee immediately.
40 41
 What are its habits?
It lives in terra firme forests, often near
flooded areas, and moves mainly through
the lower strata. It is only found south of the
Napo River and north of the Curaray River.
It is active usually during the first morning
hours. Its troops can tolerate other troops of
the same species and may even form large
temporary groups. Like other tamarins, it
usually births twins. Apparently, this hap-
pens to help ensure the survival of at least
one offspring.
jumping long distances and hanging its tail
downwards.
Similar species: the saddlebacked tamarin
is darker and has reddish lower partes. The
red titi monkey is bigger, has slower move-
ments and is redder.
Conservation status
Vulnerable (VU) high risk of extinction in the
wild. Even though it is abundant in some lo-
cations, it seems to be highly susceptive to
drastic changes in its habitats.

Diurnal. Coca
Sani
Cuyabeno
F.P.R.
Lodge
Napo Wildlife
Center Nap o Agua
to Quito Riv
er
rico
Riv
Insects, fruit, exudates, nectar, flowers, er

iR iver
utin
tree trunks. Tip

4-10 individuals. Mixed groups. Yasun

N.P.
Per

Babaturo
Lodge
Identification traits
Curara
yR
Small monkey (21-24 cm) (8.27 8.45 inch- ive
r 0 20

es) with multicolored fur. Black face, white km

snout, golden to deep orange neck and man-

tle, grayish brown back with orange tinge. Its Recommended search areas:
tail is darker than its back. It moves nimbly Yasuni National Park and surrounding areas.

The monkey that births twins

Search tactics and recommendations:

GOLDEN MANTLED Because of its small size and quick movements, it is difficult to see. Pay
attention to its sharp calls which are similar to a birds chirp. Also notice

TAMARIN its size and body shape.

Look for it during the first morning hours (6h00-8h00) when it is very active.
Saguinus tripartitus
Its calls usually increase in frequency and volume as the observer ap-
proaches. Stop if you feel you are too close because this will drive it away.
Common names Pay attention to places where many birds meet and there is lots of hub-
Chichico, chichico amarillo (yellow tamarin), leoncito (little lion), pin- bub; places like these might attract this monkey because there are abun-
chich (achuar), yatomo, miimo (huaorani), chichicu (quichua). dant insects.
42 43

The smallest monkey in the world
PYGMY MARMOSET
Callithrix pygmea
Common names
Tit, mono de bolsillo (pocket monkey), chichico dorado (golden tamarin),
tit pigmeo (pygmy titi), leoncito (little lion), mono len (lion monkey),
chambira, chichico (quichua), yatomo (waorani), inti chichiku (quichua),
tsepai (shuar), ukwa sisi (sionasecoya), tsepai (shuar).
44
What are its habits? trunks vertically, like a squirrel.
An adult measure 14-18 cm (5.5-7.1 inches) in- Similar species: owing to its size and be-
cluding tail: smaller than the palm of your hand! havior, it is more similar to the Amazon dwarf
It lives in flooded forests with dense vegetation squirrel (Microsciurus flaviventer) than to oth-
and many lianas, always close to water bodies. It er monkeys. The squirrel lacks mane of hair
moves around not far from the ground level. When on its head and its tail is furrier and bulkier.
females are in heat, they become more passive and Conservation status
release smells that attract males. The young grow
Vulnerable (VU) high risk of extinction in the
up well protected because they are watched out by
wild. Because of its specialized diet, habitat
their mother as well as several nannies, who are
changes affect its survival, particularly in ripar-
actually its older sisters. It feeds mainly on tree and
ian areas of large rivers. Hunting pressure also
liana sap, drilling small holes that can reach depths
affects this species. It is very sensitive to hu-
of 18 cm (7.1 inches). It can move very quickly and
man presence and tourism; this can even lead
suddenly start and stop moving, and to turn back
to changes in its habits and behavior!
and hide easily, as a strategy to bewilder predators.
This explains why it is very hard to find it. This is to Quito Cuyabeno
the only primate in the American continent that has Coca Napo Wildlife
Sani
Lodge
Nap
F.P.R.
Aguar
Center i co R
dissimilar dialects in different regions. oR
ive
r
i ve
r
iR iver
utin
Tip
Diurnal.
Tree exudates (sap), insects, fruit, leaves, Yasun
N.P.
nectar. Babaturo
Lodge Per
2-9 individuals. Mixed groups.
Curaray
Ri v
er
Identification traits 0 20
km
Tiny! Yellowish brown, with darker strips over
its entire body, but mostly on its tail. Very fur- Recommended search areas:
ry, showing a mane of hair on its head, similar Yasuni National Park and surrounding areas;
to a lion; tail is thin. It usually moves up tree Cuyabeno Fauna Production Reserve.
Search tactics and recommendations:
Explore and search in small parties, silently and moving slowly and subtly
because this species is very sensitive to human presence.
Search for it at the beginning of the day (6h00) and towards the end of the after-
noon (17h00), when the marmoset is more active.
If you hear a short, high-pitched and clear song that increases in volume and
frequency, start looking in vertical tree trunks. This call, similar to a birds song,
is the sound it makes when its alarmed.
Look for it in the central branches of trees, 7-10 m above ground, where it usually sleeps.
It scares easily and flees quickly. Therefore, if you see it, observe it from where
you are standing.
45
 Identification traits
to Quito Lago Agrio Colombia

Its the only big (42-60 cm), black and long-

Guacamayos
armed monkey in the Ecuadorian Amazon. Lodge
Cuyabeno
Shushufindi F.P.R.
It has a white belly and a prehensile tail. Sani Cofn
Per
Lodge Zbalo
It has very long limbs and tail, and thin Coca
Center
Napo Wildlife Napo
body. When moving, it maintains an upright Center Riv
e r
Aguar
ico
Riv
e

posture, alternates its long arms, and uses

r
er
i Riv
tin
its tail as a fifth extremity. Females have a Ti
pu

Yasun
large hanging clitoris. N.P

Similar species: the woolly monkey is Babaturo

Lodge 0 30

more robust, furrier and brownish colored. km

The largest American primate
Conservation status
Endangered (EN) high risk of extinction in
wild. Its main threats are hunting, defor-
estation and forest fragmentation. These
threats are deepened because it births a
single baby every 3-4 years, making popu-
lation recoveries problematical. ve r
Ri
a
or
to Cuenca

Nan
Za

garitz
Recommended search areas:
WHITE BELLIED
Loja

a Riv
Timbara
In the north, Yasuni National Park and sur- La Fragancia

er
Zamora
roundings; Cuyabeno Fauna Production Re- Copalinga

SPIDER MONKEY serve; in the south, Bombuscaro, Podocar-

pus National Park.
Podocarpus
N.P. 0
km
10

Ateles belzebuth

Common names
Mono araa (spider monkey), marimonda, manilargo (long hands), mono negro (black monkey),
maquisapa (quichua), deye (huaorani), washi (achuar, shuar), chuba (Pastaza), duye (cofn).
Search tactics and recommendations:

Search preferably during the first morning hours (6h00-8h00) and

What are its habits?
It lives almost exclusively in primary terra firme
forests. It prefers the highest parts of the for-
est (20-30 meters high) (65.62 98.43 ft)
where it moves easily and very fast. It likes to
rest on emergent trees. This species does not
have thumbs, an oddity that helps it to hold on
branches and move from tree to tree. It travels
in groups that vary in sizes depending on fruit
availability. Sometimes it joins other species
46
like the howler monkey. It is a very smart mon-
key; that can spot its predators swiftly.
Diurnal.
Fruit, leaves, flowers.
1-20 individuals. Groups made up of males
only, females only or mixed groups.
just before dusk as this species is more active at that time of the day.
Pay attention to large and exposed branches on tall trees, where it
generally rests.
A regularly heard call sounds like a barking dog, only stronger and
longer.
Do not stand underneath the trees where the monkeys are moving.
They might shake and brake branches when seeing humans.
Try to stay away from the troop and observe silently.
47
 Western
primates
Shadows amongst trees indicate
that clouds are arriving to cloud
forest at Los Cedros Reserve,
48 Imbabura Province. 49
 Common names
Mono araa (spider monkey), bracilargo
(long arms), marimonda, mono negro (black
monkey), chuba (afro-ecuadorian), waya
(aw), wac-huascu (chachi)
What are its habits?
Lives in primary or old secondary forests, where
prefers tall, thick trees with wide treetops and
overlapping branches. These features provide it
good visibility of the forest and rapid traveling. You
might also find it on the ground eating clays in salt
licks, which are natural mineral deposits that ex-
ist in nutrient-poor ecosystems. It can travel up to
3 kilometers (1.86 miles) per day; its body is well
designed for this. It has a complex social organi-
used to hold from branches and move around.
Body is thin, mostly black, with a tuft of hair
in the crown. Small, thin face and pointy chin.
Females can be recognized by their pink cli-
toris that hangs noticeably.
Similar species: The mantled howler monkey
has shorter extremities and bigger head, is small-
er and moves more slowly and less upright.
Conservation status
Critically Endagered (CR) near the brink of
extinction. It is the most threatened primate in
Ecuador due to hunting and extensive habitat
loss because of deforestation.
0 20

zation that consists in groups that stick together

San
t iag
km Borbn

o
Rive
or separate depending on food availability. When

Cay
Esmeraldas

r
apa
there are more mature fruits in the forest, they

sR
Galera Tesoro

iver
San Francisco Escondido
CO-OP
form larger groups than when fruit is scarce. M.R.
Cotacachi
Playa de Oro Cayapas
Community E.R.
Mache
Diurnal. Chindul
E.R. d River
nan
Ca
Quinind
Fruit, leaves, flowers, insects, eggs. Guayl
labam
ba River

to Quito

1-10 individuals. Male troops, female

troops or mixed groups.
Identification traits
Large (31-63 cm) (12.2 24.8 inches). Very
long arms, legs and tail. Tail is strong and is
Recommended search areas:
Buffer zone of the western portion of Cotaca-
chi Cayapas Ecological Reserve (Canande
and Santiago Rivers).

Search tactics and recommendations:

Be alert for any loud movements coming from treetops, it is a very active primate
The dancing monkey of the Choco region that makes a lot of noise when traveling.
Pay attention to any sounds that might remind you of a dogs bark (one of its
calls sounds like that).

BROWN-HEADED Be very quiet and move cautiously during search and observation, this shy
species often flees after human presence.

SPIDER MONKEY Keep your distance when watching it; that way you will watch it longer.
Do not chase the troop if they decide to flee because it will be impossible to keep
Ateles fusciceps up with them.
50 51
 What are its habits?
It usually lives near the canopy of primary,
secondary and degraded forests, but often
descends to ground level when searching for
food such as insects. It is very active, spend-
ing most of the day examining leaves, tear-
ing tree bark out and tossing leaf litter apart
for searching food. These primates are very
smart. They have been seen using sticks
and other tools to obtain food or to defend
themselves. It has also been reported using
plants as medicine and insect repellent. In-
terestingly, it has some behaviors that are
reminiscent of humans. For instance, group
head, neck, shoulders, forearms and chest.
Similar species: While the white-headed ca-
puchin is cream colored, howler and spider
monkeys are blackish and larger.
Conservation status
Endangered (EN) high risk of extinction in
the wild. Extinction is a serious risk for this
species because of intense deforestation
along its small distribution area in Ecuador.
0 20

members sometimes reconcile after fights. km Borbn

San
t iag

o
Lastly, some forest hawks follow groups of

Rive
Cay
Esmeraldas

r
apa
capuchins and feed on insects that escape

sR
Galera Tesoro

iver
San Francisco Escondido
from the monkeys. M.R. CO-OP
Cotacachi
Playa de Oro Cayapas
Community E.R.
Mache
Chindul
Diurnal. E.R.
nan
d River
Ca
Quinind
Guayl
Fruit, flowers, insects, small verte- labam
ba River

brates. to Quito

2-24 individuals. Mixed groups.

Identification traits Recommended search areas:

Medium size (33-45 cm) (12.99 17.72 inch- Western border of the Cotacachi Cayapas
es). Bicolored, with black body and whitish Ecological Reserve.
A very lively monkey

WHITE-HEADED Search tactics and recommendations:

CAPUCHIN Ideal hours to look for it are 8h00-10h00 when it is more active.
Cebus capucinus Whistles and barks of a small dog can drive you to its whereabouts.
It is usually very noisy when moving through the forest, so watch out for
Common names any movement or sounds coming from treetops.
Capuchino (capuchin), mico, machn, cariblanco (whitefaced), lanco When you find it, move cautiously and silently so that you can observe it
(Afro-Ecuadorian), waya ainki (aw), cri churi- (chachi). longer.
52 53
 0 20 Pedernales
km Liguilque Manta
Three
Forest San Lorenzo Pacoche
trail Tabuga
Pacoche
Camarones C.M.W.R.
Jama
to Quito

Puerto Cayo

Baha de Carquez
Machalilla
Puerto Lpez N.P.
to Guayaquil
Pen
del Sol Pital Commune
0 20
San Clemente km Guale

Identification traits
Robust (48-67 cm) (18.9 23.38 inches). Gen- 0 20
erally black or dark brown with yellowish tufts km Colombia
on chest sides; looks large-headed. It has a
hunchbacked appearance, and stands with its Borbn

Playa de Oro
head at the same level as its shoulders. Males
have noticeable white testicles and a big goiter Tesoro Cotacachi
(its hyoid apparatus) in their throat, which is Mache
Escondido
CO-OP
Cayapas
E.R.
Chindul

The monkey that makes the forests shake with its roars. used to amplify their loud calls. E.R.
Quinind

Similar species: differs from the spider mon- La Merced

Ashiringa

key by its shorter limbs, characteristic pos-

to Quito Los Bancos

MANTLED HOWLER MONKEY ture and slower, less agile movements.

Alouatta palliata
Common names
Mono aullador (howler monkey), mongn, mono negro (black monkey), coto, mono
burro (donkey monkey), mono chilln (screaming monkey, Afro-Ecuadorian), mono
uri (uri monkey), waya punki (aw), juyungu (chachi).
Conservation status
Endangered (EN) high risk of extinction in the wild.
This species can survive in different habitats and
small forest patches, but massive deforestation has
isolated populations and diminished resource qual-
ity in forests, affecting the species survival.
Recommended search areas:
Pacoche Wildlife Refuge; El Blsamo mountain
range; Machalilla National Parque; Jama-Peder-
nales; San Miguel de Los Bancos; western border
of the Cotacachi Cayapas Ecological Reserve.

What are its habits? Search tactics and recommendations:

It lives in primary or degraded forests, from
canopy to a few meters above the ground.
It may even be seen walking on the ground,
crossing streets, pastures and other open
areas! It can survive in small forest patches,
even yards two hectares in extension. Why?
Because the howler monkey requires lots of
rest and little movement in order to digest
leaves, which are its main food and they take a
long digestion time. It also visits salt licks (min-
eral deposits) and eats decaying wood to help
54
absorb nutrients from leaves. Hunters say this
monkey will play dead and fall before getting
shot. Its howls can be heard over 2 kilometers
(1.2 miles) away.
Diurnal.
Leaves, fruits, flowers, nectar, insects.
2-18 individuals. Mixed groups.
Avoid days with extreme temperatures (high or low); howler monkeys will
remain motionless.
Its loud, hoarse and long roars are usually heard early in the morning or
late in the afternoon. They can be used to track them down.
Look at trees with branches exposed to sunlight. Howler monkeys usually
rest and sunbath on these branches.
Listen for weightless branch and leaf movements, these monkeys eat and
move cautiously.
Do not stand beneath the trees the howler monkeys are on. They might
urinate, defecate or even throw sticks at you as a defense mechanism.
55
 e n
pr ma tern
at nia
im zo
d A es
0 20 Pedernales
an W

km Liguilque Manta
Three
Forest San Lorenzo Pacoche
trail Tabuga
Pacoche
Camarones C.M.W.R.
Jama
to Quito

Puerto Cayo

Baha de Carquez
Machalilla
Puerto Lpez N.P.
to Guayaquil
Pen
del Sol Pital Commune
0 20
San Clemente km Guale

Identification traits
Medium size (35-46 cm) (13.78 18.11 inch-
es). It is mostly creamy, with darker tones on
crown and back. It has thin body and short
hair. When moving around, it coils its tail with Ri
ve r
a
the end pointing downwards. Sometimes it to Cuenca or

Nan
Za
The only monkey that lives on both sides of the Andes uses its tail to hold on to branches.

garitz
Loja

a Riv
Similar species: In the western lowlands, the La Fragancia
Timbara

er
Zamora
white-fronted capuchin is black and white; Copalinga

other primate species are darker and larger.

WHITE-FRONTED CAPUCHIN
Podocarpus
N.P. 0 10
In the Amazon, the black capuchin is darker km

Cebus albifrons and has a black tuft on its forehead; the squir-
rel monkey is smaller, with a black snout and so it is ranked as Near threatened (NT).
its tail has a dark tuft at the end. Woolly mon-
Common names keys are larger, darker and furrier. Recommended search areas:
Capuchino (capuchin), mico, machn, machn colorado (reddish capuchin, coastal area), Machalilla National Park; Jama-Pedernales;
machn de cara blanca (white-faced capuchin), mono blanco (white monkey), mico cara- Conservation status
Pacoche Wildlife Refuge; El Blsamo mountain
blanca (whitefaced monkey), totosi ongu (cofn), bogu bogi (huaorani), yurak machin Critically endangered (CR) in the west nearly range (western lowlands); Cuyabeno Fauna
(quichua), mono lanudo (Napo, Amazon Region). extinct because of intense deforestation, hab- Production Reserve; Yasuni National Park and
itat alteration and hunting. In the Amazon this surrounding areas, Bombuscaro, Podocarpus
What are its habits? species is not facing such a critical situation, National Park, Cosanga (Amazonian lowlands).
It can live in primary, secondary or altered
forests, where occupies all forest strata, in- tention to its warning behaviors under risky
situations. It is very agile and smart. The Search tactics and recommendations:
cluding ground level where it searches food
in dry leaf litter, especially when fruit is clever squirrel monkey associates with this If you are traveling by river, watch out for movements on the branches and
scarce. It can approach crops such as corn- capuchin in order to find food more easily. trees on the forest edge.
fields to find food. In the Amazon it prefers Diurnal. This monkey is noisy; if you search silently, it will be easier to find.
borders between flooded and terra firme
The sounds it makes are low, spaced chirps or high, long groans.
forests. Likewise, it inhabits palm swamps, Fruit, insects, vertebrates, vertebrate
where searches food and rests. Each troop eggs. Look for it during the first morning hours, when it is more active.
has a dominant male who takes control of When you find it, avoid standing under the trees it is on because it may
the group, and all troop members pay at- 1-35 individuals. Mixed groups. break off branches and throw them to the ground as a defense mechanism.
56 57
 2 N

PRIMATE OBSERVATION Esmeraldas

Tulcn
Colombia W E

TRAILS IN ECUADOR 2 S

Ibarra
1
Trail 1. WESTERN TRAIL Pacific 8
Lago Agrio 6
Be amazed by the variety of forest types, from northern rain Ocean
forests to southern dry forests. Four primate species will ac- Sto. Domingo
company you on this trail. Quito
Where: San Miguel de Los Bancos (1), western limits of Cotaca- Coca 7
chi Cayapas Ecological Reserve (2), Pacoche Wildlife Refuge (3), 7 6
Machalilla National Park (4). 5
9
Trail 2. AMAZONIAN TRAIL
Tena
This is, undoubtedly, the trail of diversity. Along this trail, you can Latacunga
3 Portoviejo 7
observe all of primate species living in the Amazon: 16 species!
Where: Cosanga (5), Cuyabeno Fauna Production Reserve (6),
Yasuni National Park and surrounding areas (7). Ambato
Puyo
Trail 3. WESTERN ADVENTURE TRAIL 4 Babahoyo Guaranda
For adventurous primate-lovers, those determined to feel the Riobamba
splendor of the western forests with their four monkey species.
Long walks and a bit of rural life will make you feel what its like
to live on these lands.
Guayaquil Peru
Where: Western limits of Cotocachi Cayapas Ecological Reserve Santa Elena
(2), El Blsamo mountain range (8), Jama-Pedernales (9).
Macas

Trail 4. AMAZONIAN ADVENTURE TRAIL

For the most avid only! This trail permits you to journey into remote
Amazonian forests in the north of the country, and travel across Ec- Azogues
uador towards the wonderful southern forests. If you want to ap-
proach the Amazon in a different way, this is the path to choose. Cuenca
Where: Cosanga (5), Cuyabeno Fauna Production Reserve (6), Ya- SIMBOLOGY
suni National Park and surrounding areas (7), Bombuscaro (10).
Machala
Protected areas
PRIMATE OBSERVATION ROUTE
Travel, observe and feel! This route is the most recommended Province Capital
for nature lovers. Here, not only will you travel to different for- Monkey observation sites
ests throughout Ecuador but you will also be able to see every
Loja Zamora Puerto Misahualli
single monkey species!
Where: western limits of Cotacachi Cayapas Ecological Re- 10 AmaZOOnico Rescue Center
serve (2), Pacoche Wildlife Refuge (3), Cosanga (5), Cuyabeno
Fauna Production Reserve (6), Yasuni National Park and sur- Big primate
rounding areas (7).
Medium-sized primate
*For further information about where to go see next section.
Small primate
58 59
 WHERE TO GO
Where is it
Species found Difficulty level
WESTERN
Western limits of Cotacachi Cayapas Eco-
logical Reserve
PLAYA DE ORO COMMUNITY
Playa de Oro Community, south bank of
Santiago River. From Borbn (Esmeraldas Prov-
ince) you must go towards Selva Alegre. In Selva
Alegre take a canoe trip for one hour and a half.
There are bus rides available from Borbn to
Selva Alegre.
Afroecuadorian community that owns
25,713 acres (10 406 hectares) on the border of
Cotacachi Cayapas Ecological Reserve, most of
which is primary forest.
Swimming in Santiago River, visits to the
community, walks to waterfalls, jungle excur-
sions, flora and fauna observation.
Brown-headed spider monkey, mantled
howler monkey, white-headed capuchin.
Intermediate.
Playa de Oro, (593 9) 960 6918, jramiro-
buitron@gmail.com
COOPERATIVA TESORO ESCONDIDO
In Cristbal Coln town, three hours from
Quinind (Esmeraldas Province).
Communal lands reaching 3,950 acres
60
What it has Activities
Contact information Prices
(1600 hectares), most of which is primary or sec-
ondary forest. Tesoro Escondido is on the border of
Cotacachi Cayapas E. R. It is advised to be in good
shape and willing to go on long walks that might
be difficult.
Bathing in waterfalls and Gualp River,
sport fishing, community life sharing, jungle
excursion, flora and fauna observation, cave
exploration.
Brown-headed spider monkey, mantled
howler monkey, white-headed capuchin.
High.
Tesoro Escondido, (593 8) 8760 339/ (593
9) 1802 980/ (593 9) 0806 090/ (593 9) 0174
452, nildaelizalde@hotmail.com
Jama- Pedernales Area
THREE FOREST TRAIL
20 minutes south of Pedernales along the
coastal highway towards Jama, in Tabuga-Ca-
marones (Manab).
A four-day tour that takes you through
different private properties. It offers the op-
portunity to explore three forest types. It
begins in Tabuga town, goes through Jama-
Coaque Reserve and finishes at Lalo Loor
forest.
Walks through the jungle, coexistence
with community, birdwatching, flora and fauna
observation, waterfall visit.
Mantled howler monkey, white-fronted capuchin.
Intermediate-high.
Three Forest Trail, (593 9) 4436 123, info@
threeforeststrail.com, www.threeforeststrail.com
El Blsamo Mountain Range
EL PEN DEL SOL
San Clemente Point (Manab).
Starting point of the El Blsamo Moun-
tain Range forest corridor. It includes some
coastal spots: La Mesita, La Gorda, Chirije
Archaeological Park and Pen del Sol. The
tour covers 45 kilometers (27.9 miles) in four
days. It is an adventurous tour, with camping
sites along the way.
visits to varied ecosystems, archaeologi-
cal sites, observation of mammals and birds.
Mantled howler monkey, white-fronted
capuchin.
Intermediate-high.
Cordillera El Blsamo Corridor (593 8)
8900076/ (593 9) 4376 399/ (593 5) 2693 004,
elpenondelsol@hotmail.com, cerrosecobahia@
gmail.com, www.cerroseco.org
$35 plus tax per day.
Pachoche Wildlife Refuge
PACOCHE LODGE & RESERVE
20 minutes south of Manta on the coastal
highway along the Manta-Puerto Cayo road sec-
tion, near the towns of Pacoche, San Lorenzo
and Ligiqui (Manab).
Includes a 10 hectares (24.7 acre) private
property next to Pacoche Wildlife Refuge and to
small beaches (Ligiqui and San Lorenzo).
Bird observation, flora and fauna observation, for-
est excursion, visits to beaches, tours to nearby La Plata
Island, tours to the Panama Hat Route.
Mantled howler monkey, white-fronted capuchin.
Low-intermediate.
Pacoche Lodge, (593 9) 5001 690/ (593 9)
8163 113/ (593 2) 2471 168, info@pacochelo-
dge.com, www.pacochelodge.com
$55.00 (double cabin); includes Manabi-
an-style breakfast. Lunch costs $4. Price does
not include walks through trails.
Machalilla National Park
EL PITAL COMMUNITY
20 minutes from Puerto Lpez (Manab);
take a taxi or truck in Puerto Lpez to get to El
Pital Community, taking the road to Guales.
El Pital owns 2000 hectares (4,940
acres), a portion of them in the Machalilla N.
P.; there are three trails and five local guides
that have been accredited by the Ministries of
Tourism and Environment.
Birdwatching, flora observation, walks
and horse rides in the jungle, coexistence with
community.
Mantled howler monkey, white-fronted
capuchin.
Intermediate.
El Pital Community, (593 9) 4188343/(593
8)5269042, carlosmanrique61@hotmail.com,
http://elpital.org
San Miguel de Los Bancos Area
ASHIRINGA
20 minutes from San Miguel de Los Ban-
cos on Los BancosLas MercedesSanto Do-
mingo road (Pichincha).
Private property made up of 45 hectares
(110 acres) of forest, nearby the Macas River.
Birdwatching, visits to Macas River, agrito-
urism, cheese and and crafts elaboration.
Mantled howler monkey, white-fronted
capuchin.
Intermediate.
Ashiringa, (593 9) 4739 826/ (593 8) 8221
491/ (593 2) 275 6616, patymacas08@hotmail.com
61
AMAZONIA
Cuyabeno Fauna Production Reserve
COFAN ZABALO CENTER
Zbalo Community, northern bank of
the Aguarico River (Sucumbos). A 40-min-
ute car trip from Nueva Loja (Lago Agrio) to
Dureno Cofan community. From there, it is
a five hour canoe trip to the Cofan Zbalo
Center.
This center is inside the Cuyabeno
Fauna Production Reserve, in the territory
of Dureno Community. It embraces 1600
hectares (345,900 acres). Members of the
community have participated in research
projects and have a broad knowledge of
fauna and flora. Forests are practically pris-
tine, making this an optimal site for fauna
observation.
Walks through the jungle, community
visits, canoe trips, mammal, bird and flora
observation.
White-fronted capuchin, red howler mon-
key, noisy night monkey, yellow-handed titi
monkey, red titi monkey, pygmy marmoset, sil-
very woolly monkey, monk saki monkey, graells
tamarin, squirrel monkey.
Intermediate.
Cofan Survival Foundation. Mariano Carde-
nal N74-153 and Joaqun Mancheno, Carceln,
Quito. (593 2) 2470 946, randycofan@yahoo.com,
fespinosas@hotmail.es, www.cofan.org
GUACAMAYO ECOLODGE
On the banks of the Cuyabeno River (Su-
cumbos), two hours by land from Lago Agrio to
El Puente de Cuyabeno (Cuyabeno Bridge). From
there it is a two hour canoe ride to the lodge.
A private lodge inside Cuyabeno F. P. R.
Good environmental practices include solar en-
ergy and biodigestor systems for toilets. Cabins
are made of wood and the roofs are made of
palm fronds.
62
Fauna and flora observation, jungle excur-
sions, visit to Laguna Grande, visits to Siona or
Cofan communities, birds observation tower.
White-fronted capuchin, red howler
monkey, noisy night monkey, yellow-handed
titi monkey, pygmy marmoset, silvery woolly
monkey, monk saki monkey, graells tamarin,
squirrel monkey.
Low.
Ara Expeditions. Juan Rodrguez E7-55
between Reina Victoria and Diego de Almagro
(El Imperial Hostel), Quito. (593 2) 2904 765 /
(593 8) 2964 581, info@araexpedition.com,
www.araexpeditions.com
$215 (4 days/3 nights), $255 (5 days/4
nights). Price does not include transportation to
Lago Agrio, reserve entrance fee and contribu-
tion to local community ($4).
Yasun National Park and surrounding areas
NAPO WILDLIFE CENTER (NWC)
On the banks of Aangucocha lagoon
(Orellana). From Coca, NWC staff will take you
in a motorized canoe, in a two-hours ride, to
the lodge.
A project managed by Aangu Quichua
Community, inside Yasuni N. P. It has two sus-
tainable tourism certificates. Buildings are
made in the traditional manner, with wide
areas for contemplating the surrounding for-
est. The community protects 24,000 hectares
(59,305 acres).
Visits to parrot clay licks, canopy tower,
visits to communities, canoe rides, fauna ob-
servation.
White-fronted capuchin, red howler
monkey, white-bellied spider monkey, noisy
night monkey, tufted capuchin, red titi mon-
key, pygmy marmoset, brown woolly mon-
key, equatorial saki, monk saki monkey,
saddleback tamarin, golden-mantled tama-
rin, squirrel monkey.
Low-intermediate.
Ro Yaupi N31-90 and Mariana de Jess,
Quito. (593 2) 6005 893, info@napowildlifecen-
ter.com, www.napowildlifecenter.com
$608 (4 days/3 nights), $1,216 (8 days/7
nights). Price does not include taxes (for Ecua-
dorians only), and does not include transporta-
tion to Coca.
SANI LODGE
On the banks of Challuacocha lagoon
(Sucumbos). From Coca, Sani staff will take
you in a motorized canoe, in a four-hour ride
along the Napo River, to the lodge.
This lodge is located in the 37,000 hect-
ares (91,429 acres) protected by Sani Isla Qui-
chua Community; it was established in 1999 as
a sustainable income source for local people.
Visits to clay licks, canopy tower, visits
to communities, fauna and flora observation,
visits to Paacocha lagoon.
White-fronted capuchin, red howler monkey,
white-bellied spider monkey, noisy night monkey,
tufted capuchin, red titi monkey, pygmy marmo-
set, brown woolly monkey, equatorial saki, monk
saki monkey, graells tamarin, saddleback tamarin,
golden-mantled tamarin, squirrel monkey.
Low-intermediate.
San Ignacio 134 and 6 de Diciembre, Quito.
(593 2) 2543 492, 3237 139/ (593 9) 4341 728,
info@sanilodge.com, www.sanilodge.com
$396 (4 days/3 nights camping), $1,347
(8 days/7 nights in double cabin), per person.
Price does not include transportation to Coca.
BATABURO LODGE
Close to Tigino Huaorani Community
(Orellana), on the Shiripuno River. Driving from
Coca takes three and a half hours to Puerto
Tigino, where a four hours canoe ride begins.
Inside Huaorani territory, established in
agreement between Kempery Tours and the
Waorani Nationality of Ecuador (NAWE). A per-
centage of the entrance fee is given to Tigino
Community; after 15 operation years the lodge
will be managed by the community.
Fauna and flora observation, piranha fish-
ing, learning visits to Huaorani communities,
visits to clay licks, canoe rides.
White-fronted capuchin, white-bellied spi-
der monkey, noisy night monkey, red titi monkey,
pygmy marmoset, brown woolly monkey, equa-
torial saki, monk saki monkey, golden-mantled
tamarin, squirrel monkey.
Low-Intermediate.
Kempery Tours. Gaspar de Villaroel 54 and
Ilalo, Alangasi. (593 2) 2788 162/ (593 8) 7415
430, kempery@kempery.com, kemperytour-
stravel@gmail.com, www.kempery.com
$310 (4 days/3 nights), $385 (5 days/4
nights). Price does not include transportation to
Coca and community entrance fee ($20).
Cosanga
CABAAS SAN ISIDRO
In Las Caucheras road, nearby Cosanga
town (Napo), four hours east of Quito.
Private forest of 1,100 hectares (2,718
acres) of subtropical montane forest. It has a
sustainable tourism certificate and supports re-
search programs in the area.
Bird watching, visits to waterfalls and to
Cosanga River, visits to Andean cock-of-the-
rock displaying arenas, nocturnal observation of
moths and beetles, self-guided trails, humming-
bird gardens, orchids green house.
White-fronted capuchin, lemurine night
monkey.
Low-Intermediate.
Luis Cordero E10-55 and 12 de Octubre,
ed. Sancho Arias, office 301, Quito. (593 2) 2906
769/ 2909 027, info@cabanasanisidro.com,
www.cabanasanisidro.com
$80 per night, per person (plus taxes).
Lodging and three meals included.
CABAAS EL ALISO
20 minutes from Cosanga along Las Cau-
cheras road, on the border of Antisana Ecological
63
Reserve (Napo), four hours east of Quito.
A large wooded cabin serves as lodge; is
divided in four multiple rooms, and five trails en-
ter into surrounding forests.
Searches of spectacled bear and puma
tracks, butterfly observation, bird watching, diur-
nal and nocturnal jungle excursions. Visit to the
nearby Yanayacu Research Station can be ar-
ranged from El Aliso, where night monkeys have
been observed (contact at Yanayacu: Jos Sim-
baa (593 9) 302 1278, www.yanayacu.com).
Lemurine night monkey.
Low-Intermediate.
Cabaas El Aliso. (593 2) 2280 127.
$40 per days ($25 for students) Guiding
is included.
Misahualli area
RUNA HUASI
From the city of Tena take a ride south to
Punta Barantilla, from where a 5-minute ca-
noe ride takes you to Runa Huasi. Jumandi and
Centinela del Tena buses take you to Puerto
Barantilla (one hour from Tena).
Project managed by Ahuano Quichua Com-
munity, as part of Selva Viva project. Chances to
Jungle excursions, visits to Quichua fami-
lies, swimming in rivers, nocturnal walks.
Low.
Contact can be made through Liana
Lodge. (593 9) 9800 463, lianalodge@gmail.
com, www.selvaviva.ec
$10 per night for lodging, $5 per meal and
tours from $4-26 (depending on activities and
group size).
Bombuscaro
CABAAS ECOLGICAS COPALINGA
In the Bombuscaro area, 10 minutes from
the city of Zamora, on the border with Podocar-
pus National Park (Zamora Chinchipe).
A private forest of 75 hectares (185
acres), with a sustainable tourism certificate;
Copalinga promotes reforestation with native
tree species and participates in environmental
education with a local primary school. Cabins
are built in wood, and the reserve has five well-
Coexisting with nature
marked trails. Chances for primate observation
are good, but depend on seasonality.
Bird watching, visits to waterfalls, self-
guided trails, orchid observation.
THE CAPUCHIN MONKEYS OF MISAHUALLI
White-headed capuchin, white-bellied

see wild primates are low, but it is possible to visit
the nearby (5 minutes walk) AmaZOOnico Rescue
Center, where people take care of animals that
where previously held in captivity or extracted
from their natural habitats. Healthy animals are
reintroduced into natural areas.
64
spider monkey.
Intermediate-High.
Copalinga. (593 9) 3477 013, info@copal-
inga.com, www.copalinga.com
$23.50 per night in rustic cabins, $42 in
double room (per person). Breakfast is included.
H
undreds of tourists depart from the char-
ming port of Misahualli towards their jungle
excursions, visits to indigenous communities
or adventurous sailing down some Amazonian
rivers. Nonetheless, there is no need to move
far from Misahualli to contemplate one of its
main attractions: the white-headed capuchin
monkeys. A couple of minutes waiting in a
sandy beach are enough to observe a troop of
capuchins that has lived generation after ge-
neration in riparian woodland right next to this
beach. You will have the unequalled opportuni-
ty to see infants hanging from their mothers,
young lads and adults playing around, eating
insects or, simply, taking a nap. At some po-
int, capuchins abandon their riparian trees and
climb up to the town, to interact with people,
becoming the attention focus of national and
international visitors.
If you are planning to visit Misahualli and
look for its restless capuchin monkeys, we
urge you to be respectful with them. Keep in
mind that they are wild animals that behave
instinctively. Do not try to interfere in its natu-
ral habits, as to avoid making them dependent
on humans. Take into account the following
recommendations:
Do not disturb or touch the monkeys.
Never feed them! You can cause them sick-
ness, human dependence and inability to search
their own food.
Do not use flash when taking photos.
Take care of your personal belongings as these
monkeys are frisky and might borrow your stuff
to play around.
65
A colorful sunset at
Challuacocha lagoon,
Orellana Province.

RESPECTING LIFE

P
reserving nature and its destinations,
respecting cultural manifestations,
reducing environmental impacts and
involving local people in tourism is a commit-
ment and a responsibility everyone involved in
ecotourism has: operators, guides, agencies,
managers and, of course, tourists themselves!
Travelling responsibly
Travelling responsibly does not necessar-
ily imply spending a lot of money. There are
many options available for people with varied
tastes and economies.
Before making any decisions about your
trip, inform yourself! It is currently possible to
obtain a lot of information from the Internet.
Getting in touch directly (by e-mail or phone)
and consulting guidebooks can help you pick
the best destination according to your needs.
Ask your tour operator about their environ-
mental practices. Look for places that main-
tain a fair relationship with local communities
and those that share income and work.
Be respectful of local people; ask for per-
mission before taking pictures or filming.
Enjoy your natural environs without bother-
ing or touching wild animals.
Use the trails that are specifically marked
and support conservation by paying entrance
fees to communities or protected areas.
Respect and obey environmental regula-
tions that have been established at each lo-
cation you visit.
Never buy crafts that have been made using
animals or living animals. Neither buy food
made from wild animals.
Pay fair prices.
Buy local products and use the services that
are given by the local population.

CONSCIOUS TOURISM
Means loving Life
El Conscious Tourism is a life changing experience that encourages awareness and generates
growth, making us become better human beings.
It is a new concept founded on ethical and sustainable principles, one that promotes values such
as peace, friendship, respect and love for life as the essence of the tourism practice.
It constitutes an accord of coexistence, responsibility, mutual respect, and fellowship between
tourism suppliers and operators, the tourist and the countrys natural and cultural heritage.
Conscious Tourism is a dynamic concept that is in constant evolution. It is an experience of giving
and receiving.

Reflection and conceptualization of responsible and conscious tourism started on June 27th 2011.
This happened on the Pululahua volcano crater located on the Equator, in Ecuador.

Primate observation
66 Red titi monkey in its
in the wild. alarm posture.
 Here is a list of all the primate species you can
find in Ecuador. Fill it out!

Brown-headed spider monkey Red titi monkey

White-bellied spider monkey Pygmy marmoset Coordination: Paola Moscoso

Texts: Paola Moscoso and Amaranta Valencia
White-headed capuchin Brown woolly monkey Editing: Juan Freile
Design: Carolina Corral and Esteban Garcs
White-fronted capuchin Silvery woolly monkey Maps: Santiago Burneo and Paula Iturralde. Libro Rojo de los mamferos del Ecuador
(Red Book of Mammals of Ecuador), 2011 (distribution maps).
Translation: Mara Jos Pozo
Tufted capuchin Equatorial saki
English Proof reading: Juan Freile

Red howler monkey Monk saki monkey Ministry of Tourism Coordination: Mnica Burbano Montalvo and Karime Moya Acunzo
Ministry of Tourism Revision: Department of Routes, Department of Communication,
Mantled howler monkey Graells tamarin Department of Development, Department of Campaigns.
Technical support: Mnica Burbano Montalvo y Abraham Loaiza, Department of Routes;
Noisy night monkey Saddlebacked tamarin David Villacs, Department of Products.
Acknowledgments: Mara Isabel Estvez, Anas Crdova, Alicia Franco, Nathalia Fuentes,
Stella de la Torre, Francisco Prieto, Alejando Solano.
Lemurine night monkey Golden-mantled tamarin
Photo credits
Yellow-handed titi monkey Squirrel monkey Pete Oxford: cover (forest, tamarin), back cover, 10, 14, 15, 20, 30, 38, 44, 46, 66 (titi
monkey)
Murray Copper: cover (person), 9, 12 (walk and tamarin), 18, 28,34,42,52
Finding Species: cover (spider monkey),3 (howler monkey),22, 50,54
Francisco Caizapanta J.: 2 (lagoon), 12 (lagoon)
Lucas Bustamante/Tropical Herping: 5,16
Paola Moscoso/BIOGRAPHICA Image Archive: 2,3 (cabins),66(people, lagoon)
Rafael Crdenas/BIOGRAPHICA Image Archive: 7(forest),48,49
Juan Carlos Valarezo: 9 (squirrel monkey)
Diego G. Tirira/White Bat Archive: 34
Jorge Alhalzer/Criollo Archive: 26
Thomas R. Defler: 28
Diego J. Acosta: 32
Rubn D. Jarrn E.: 42
Santiago Aguirre Dammer:56,65

Illustrations
Alicia Franco: 13,23,25,27,33,35,47,49,51,53,55,57
Silvia Noem Cevallos: 19,21,29,31,37,39,41,43,45

Text may be freely reproduced by citing the source. Photographs are exclusive to this
printed document and their use requires expressed authorization by their authors.

This document can be cited as follows:

Moscoso, P., Valencia, A., Burbano, M y Freile, J.F. 2011. 2011. Primate Observation
Guide for Ecuadorian Natural Areas, Quito.
 d n
i b utecarige
r
t bh u
Disestorfi c tuita
i
re gra
fD

Av. Eloy Alfaro N32-300 and Carlos Tobar

Quito - Ecuador
Telephones: (593 2) 2507 560 / 555 / 559
Fax: (593 2) 2507 565