Irrigation & Flood Engineering

1. Define irrigation. Write scopes of irrigation. Describe engineering scope of irrigation.

14,12,08
2. What are the requirements for the success of an irrigation project? How an irrigation
project planned? 11,07
3. Explain the necessity of irrigation in a tropical country like Bangladesh. Compare
inundation irrigation with perennial irrigation. 13,11,09,07
4. What are the purposes which is served by the application of irrigation water to the soil?
05
5. What are the various types of irrigation? Discuss merits and demerits of each type. 09
6. Compare well irrigation & canal irrigation. 12
7. What are the harmful effects and benefits of irrigation? 15
8. Loam is the ideal soil for irrigation-why? Discuss the statement. 14
9. What are the purpose of irrigation water? Write briefly. 14
10. What are the different forms of soil moisture? Show with diagram and describe them
briefly. 14
11. Draw a neat sketch showing the extraction pattern of moisture from soil by plant roots. 10
12. What are the different forms of soil water? Show with diagram and describe them in
brief. 07,05,15
13. Discuss the effect of soil texture and soil structure on the soil moisture content. 12
14. Write short notes on: 13,11,05
i. Field capacity, Wilting coefficient, Moisture holding capacity of a soil. 13,11
ii. Soil texture and soil structure 11
iii. Pusta, irrigation efficiency. 10
iv. Paleo irrigation and kor water depth. 10,08
v. Permanent wilting point, Readily available soil moisture, crop ratio. 09,08,07
vi. Time factor, capacity factor, outlet factor, overlap allowances. 08
vii. Root zoned depth, cash crop, soil moisture deficiency. 07,06
15. What do you mean by duty of water? How duty of water can be improved, describe
briefly. 14,13
16. All the water are not fit for irrigation crops-explain critically the above statement.
09,08,07,06
17. What is meant by duty and delta of canal water? Derive a relationship between duty and
delta for a given base period. 10,06
18. What is duty of irrigation water? What points do you consider while determining duty of irrigation water? 15
19. What do you mean by optimum utilization of irrigation water & water distribution
efficiency? 14,08
20. What is permeability? Why is it necessary that a good irrigation soil be permeable? How
is permeability determine? 11
21. What are the objectives of command area development? How are these achieved through
command area development program? 07
22. What are the methods used for estimating consumptive use of water for a particular crop
at a particular place? Explain in details the one which is most widely used in our country
and the reasons for preferring that particular method. 13
23. Write the factors that affecting the consumptive use of water. 06
24. What is meant by crop-rotation? Write the advantages of crop rotation. 12
25. Why gram is frequently used in crop rotation? 05
26. Give the factors which should be considered while planning crop rotation. 05
27. List the different crop rotations which are commonly practiced with wheat and rice. 05
28. Define irrigation. What are the factors that affecting the choice of the method of
irrigation. 10,06
29. What are the essential requirements for a successful sub-surface irrigation? Compare drip
irrigation and buried irrigation. 09,05
30. Write down the factors which are very essential for the proper selection of the method of
irrigation. 10
31. Enumerate the conditions which are favorable for the adoption of sprinkler irrigation in
Bangladesh. 13,09
32. The sprinkler system of irrigation is excellent method but not used in our country-
discuss in brief. 08
33. What are the main component parts of sprinkler irrigation? Give a brief account them. 05
34. Draw neat sketches to illustrate the following methods:
i. Furrow irrigation.
ii. Free flooding.
iii. Check flooding.
iv. Check method, corrugation irrigation. 09
v. Border irrigation, Basin irrigation. 05
State under what circumstances you will recommend their use.
35. What is furrow irrigation? Show with diagram and write its advantages & disadvantages.
14
36. Enumerate the limitations of sprinkler irrigation. 10
37. Point out the advantages of Border irrigation method. 06
38. Name the methods of water distribution adopted for the following crops and describe
them with sketch- 07,15
i. Potato, ii. Orchard, iii. Paddy.
39. What are water lifting devices for low lift and without using any power or machineries?
Describe any one devices with diagram. 14
40. What are the indegeneous methods of water lifting? Describe any of them with sketches.
15
41. Describe trickle method of irrigation. What are the advantages & disadvantages of using
this method in Bangladesh? 14
42. Difference between furrow and sprinkler irrigation. 06
43. What methods of irrigation will you select where irrigation water is saline, scarcity of
water in there and is hill tracts? Discuss them in brief. 07,15
44. Which methods of irrigation is suitable in the hilly region? Describe in brief. 08
45. Lift irrigation is a costly irrigation system- Explain. Discuss the salient features of lift
irrigation. Compare lift irrigation and gravity irrigation. 11,09
46. Difference between lift irrigation and flow irrigation. 07
47. Describe direct irrigation and irrigation scheme. Give necessary sketches. 15
48. Write the advantages and disadvantages of lift irrigation and gravity irrigation. 15
49. What are water balance parameters? Describe briefly the water balance formulae for crop
water requirement. 12
50. What do you understand by potential evapotranspiration? How does it differ from actual
evapotranspiration? 08
51. What risk do you consider in case of wastewater irrigation? What are the advantages and
disadvantages of using this method in Bangladesh? 08
52. What is meant by water logging? What are the causes of water logging? What steps will
you take to improve an already water logged tract? 14,10,09,07,06,15
53. How irrigated land may become waterlogged? 10,07
54. What do you know by leaching requirement? 07
55. What are the principal causes of water-logging in a canal irrigation tract? 11
56. What is meant by interference between tube wells? What is the ideal distance between
two adjacent tube wells? 11
57. How will you determine yield of tube well? 11
58. Well irrigation is an anti-water logging measure explain. 11,07,06
59. How will you broadly classify the anti-water logging measures? How percolation from
rainfall can be reduced to prevent water logging conditions. 05
60. What do you mean by C Swater? Discuss its usefulness for irrigating fine textured
soil. 14,08,06
61. What is meant by saline & alkaline soil? How you will proceed to reclaim saline land.
14,11,06
62. Distinguish between saline and alkaline soil and how you will reclaim them? 15
63. Write down the name of impurities which make water unfit for irrigation. 10,08,07
64. What is SAR? Discuss the effects of salts on plant growth. 12,10,07
65. Discuss the effect of SAR on the irrigation water. 08
66. What are the process of land reclamation? Discuss the different land reclamation
processes. 05
Flood Engineering
Flood, Flood management & Flood assessment
1. What are the causes of flood? Describe them in light of flood in Bangladesh. 14,13,11,07
2. What do you mean by flood control, flood mitigation, flood management 15& flood
protection? 11,10,06
3. Define flood. Describe natural and human related causes of flood in Bangladesh. 15
4. Critically explain flood control economics. Describe the costs that are included in flood
management. 15
5. Write a short notes on:
i. Flood forecasting and warning system. 14,13,12
ii. Flood control by the construction of levees. 13
iii. Flood plain zoning 15, flood proofing, emergency evacuation. 12,10,15
iv. Repelling groyne. 10
v. Return period, concentration time, critical intensity. 05
vi. Storage reservoir, watershed management, floodways. 15
vii. Maximum probable flood, design flood, return period 15
6. Explain the direct and indirect benefits of flood management. 14
7. What is meant by design flood? What is its importance? 11,08,07,06
8. Discuss briefly the tangible and intangible benefits of flood. 12
9. Describe briefly the structural measures for flood management. 14
10. Explain what do you understand by the return period? Give few formula which are used
to determine the return period. 13,09
11. Discuss the validity of Probability method of flood estimation. List the demerits if any.
08
12. What are floodways? What are the advantages and disadvantages? 07
13. Discuss the various methods for the flood plain management. 07
14. Enumerate the various methods which can be used for estimating design flood discharge
from a certain catchment and discuss one of these methods in details. 10,08,06
15. What are the different methods that are used to estimate design flood? Describe rational method for estimation
of design flood. 15
16. What are the limitations of method of estimating design flood? 08
17. What is concentration time? How is it estimated? 08
18. Write down the procedure to estimate the design flood for any return period using
Gumbels distribution. 14,09
19. How do you justify the Gumbels extreme value distribution to describe the annual peak
flood discharge? 13
20. Enumerate the name of different institutions responsible for flood management of
Bangladesh and briefly discuss their responsibilities. 12,11
21. Is land management effective to flood control? Discuss in brief. 08
22. What are the various methods employed for the management of floods and for reducing
the damage caused by them. 13
23. Briefly discuss about the flood management and mitigation strategies of Bangladesh. 11
24. Explain the direct and indirect tangible losses due to floods. 13
25. Random variable. How is it obtained from frequency analysis? 09
Sediment Transport
26. Describe the importance of sediment transport in designing earthen irrigation canals. 14
27. Discuss the mechanism involve in sediment transportation. 15
28. Write short notes on the following: 06
i. Sediment hazards of irrigation water.
ii. Salt concentration in irrigation water and their utility in irrigation.
Channel design
29. State and explain Kennedys theory. Describe the design procedure of regime channel by
adopting Kennedys theory. 14,08
30. What is the basis of design of regime channel? 15
31. Describe Kennedys theory for the design of irrigation channel in alluvial soil. 08
32. Channel improvement by deepening is preferred to widening- explain by comparing
two channel after improvement. 14,15
33. Lacys theory is an improvement over Kennedys theory- explain. 07,06
34. Enumerate the two recognized silt theories. Explain how one theory is an improvement
over the other. (Kennedy and Lacy) 12,11
35. Show that the silt carrying capacity of a canal is proportional to
.in accordance with
Kennedys theory. Where, is the critical velocity of flow. 10
36. Write short notes on: 14,13
i. Berms, Borrow pits, Counter Berms & Balancing depth. (give suitable diagrams)
ii. Alluvial canal and non-alluvial canal, Initial regime & Final regime. 13
iii. Berm width, Spoil Bank, Pusta, counter berm. 07,06
37. Describe different indirect protection methods used to protect the embankment of a river.
13
38. What is economical section? What is the condition of economical section? 08
39. What are the causes of bank recession? What are the different types of bank protection?
Explain briefly the indirect bank protection techniques. 12,09
40. What is meant by regime? Differentiate between regime in natural rivers and in artificial
channels. 09
41. Differentiate between Initial regime & Final regime. 12
42. Compare briefly the silt theories of Kennedy and Lacy. Write the purposes that are served by fully formed berms.
15
43. Define berm. What are the various purposes served by berm? How much berm width is
provided in an earthen canal under the following conditions- 09
i. Canal bed level is above natural surface level.
ii. Canal is in balancing depth.
iii. Canal is in deep cutting.
44. Distinguish between: 15
i. Suspended load & bed load.
ii. Initial regime and final regime.
iii. Berm and counter berm.
iv. Borrow pit and spoil bank.
Assessment of Irrigation water
45. Write the name of the methods for the assessment of irrigation water supply. Compare
area method with the volumetric method assessment of irrigation water supply. 14,12
46. What are the different methods of assessment of irrigation water? Which method do you
think best and why? 13
47. Define consumptive use of water. What are the factors which influence consumptive use
of water for any crop and how consumptive use is related in the total requirement of
water for the crop? 09
48. How does consumptive use of water differ from evapotranspiration and duty of water?
49. Why irrigation water assessment is necessary? How you will assess the irrigation water if
you are the irrigation engineer in an irrigation project? 07
50. Write six numbers of factors affecting consumptive use of irrigation water.
51. According to Dorenbos and pruilt what are the limitations of Blancy Criddle formula for
estimating consumptive use of water. 12
52. Why is it necessary to collect the charges for irrigation water supplied to the cultivator?
Explain. 11
53. Write short notes on: 12
i. Water storage efficiency.
ii. Net irrigation requirement.
iii. Leaching requirement.
54. Discuss volumetric sale of water versus sale on basis of area. 09
55. Discuss the assessment of irrigation water charges on area basis. Write down the
drawbacks of this method. 10
56. How quality of irrigation water is analyzed? Give the classification of irrigation water
and explain them. 15

Problems
1. To mature 5000 hectares of robi crops, an irrigation canal was run as follows: 15(2(c)) 12 (3(b))
Month Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb.
No. of running days 14 28 21 21 14
3
Discharge in / 2.00 2.50 2.25 2.25 2.00
Calculate overall duty and depth of water used.
2. A stream of 125 L/s was delivered from a canal and 70 L/s were delivered to the field. An area of 1.6 hectare
was irrigated in 8 hrs. The effective depth of root zone was 1.7 m. runoff loss in the field was 1.7 m. Runoff
loss in the field is was 420 cumec. The depth of percolation varied linearly from 1.7m at the head end to the
1.3 m at the tail end of the field. Available moisture holding capacity of the soil is 20 cm /m depth of soil.
Determine water conveyance, applications, storage and distribution efficiency. The irrigation was started at
a moisture extraction level of 50% of the available moisture. 15(3(c))
3. Determine reservoir capacity for the following data: command area of the project = 40000 hectares, canal
losses = 10%, Base period and intensity of irrigation are given in the following table: 15 (4(c))

Crop Base Period (days) Outlet factor (ha/cumec) Intensity of irrigation(%)

Cotton 180 1500 10
Wheat 120 1800 20
Sugarcane 360 1700 20
Rice 120 700 15
Vegetables 120 700 15

4. The following data refers to an irrigation canal: Bed width = 1.0 m, Side slopes = 2H : 1V (in filling) and 1H :
1V (in cutting), Top width of embankment on either side of canal = 3m, Fully supply depth = 5m, free board
= 1m. Determine the balancing depth. Draw a neat cross section of canal illustrating the various dimensions
and the levels. 15 (5(c))
5. An area of 50 x 103 ha has to ber irrigated by a canal for growing wheat; water requirement for which is 10
cm per month. Design and draw a suitable canal section with the given data below:
Mean slope of the ground = 1 in 3500, Mannings roughness coefficient, n =0.025, Side slopes = 1:1, use
Kennedys formula. 15 (6(b))
6. The analysis of a 30-year flood data at a point on a river yielded x =1200 m3/s and Sx = 650 m3/s. For what
discharge would you design the structure at this point to provide 95% assurance that the structure would
not fail in the next 100 years? The values of and for a record length of n years are given below: 15 (8(d))
n

30 0.53622 1.11238
35 0.54034 1.12847
50 0.54854 1.16066
100 0.56002 1.20649
7. Find Field Capacity of a soil for the following data: 14 (1(d))
Depth of root zone = 2m, Existing water content = 5 %, Dry density of soil = 1500 kg/m3, Water applied to the
soil = 600 m3, Water lost due to evaporation and deep percolation = 10% and Area of land irrigated = 900 m2
8. The given area of an irrigation project is 50000 hectares. Out of this 5000 hectares have been utilized for
construction of dwellings, roads, bridges etc. The area to be cultivated during robi (in winter season) is
25000 ha and during kharif (in summer season) is 24000 ha. The duty of land water for robi corps is 5000 ha
per cumec for kharif crop is 3000 ha per cumec. Find the design discharge for canal after giving 10%
allowance for peak discharge and loss water in transit. What would be the annual intensity of irrigation? 14
(2(d))
9. Depth of penetration along the length of a border strip at points 30 m apart are probed. Their observed
values are 1.9, 1.8, 1.5, 1.4, 1.3 and 1.2 m. Compute water distribution efficiency 12 (4(c))and comments on
the result. 14 (3(d))
10. Estimating the leaching requirement when EC of saturation extract of soil is 11 mmhr./cm at 25 % reduction
in the yield of cotton. EC of irrigation water is 1.5 mmhr/cm14 (4(d))
11. An irrigation channel having a full supply level of 4 m above the existing ground level is provided with banks
3 m wide at top. The side slopes are 2H : 1V and the slope of hydraulic gradient line through the bank soil is
5H : 1V. Assuming a free board of 1 m, a counterberm of 7m wide and 2 m height is provided. Justify the
suitability of counterberm for the safety of the canal banks. 14 (5(c))
12. Design and draw a suitable regime channel section for a discharge of 55 cumec and silt factor 1.2, using
Laceys theory. 14 (6(c))
13. Given below is the information regarding flood stage, recurrence interval, total damage and cost of the
project for giving protection against indicated stage. Workout the benefit cost ratio and net benefit (i.e
benefit-cost). What is the peak stage against which you would choose to provide protection? 14 (7(d)) 12 (8(c))
Peak stage (m) Total damage under indicated Return period (yr.) Annual project cost
stage (Tk. In million) (tk in millions)
9 0 7 0.8
10 8 10 1.2
11 20 15 1.6
12 40 22 2.0
13 64 30 2.6
14 90 70 3.2
15 120 150 3.6
16 160 300 4.0
3
14. Based on analysis of 30 years data on annual floods, which gave a mean of 1200 / and standard
deviation of 575 3 /, a structure with a useful life period of 50 years was designed for a flood of 3000
3 /What is the risk involved in the design? Later it was found that there was an error in the computation
of statistics and the correct mean and correct standard deviation were estimated as 1075 3 / and 500
3 / respectively. Determine the corresponding reduction in the risk. Use gambels method. Given, for n =
30,
= 0.53622 and = 1.11238. 14 (8(d)) 12 (6(c))
15. Determine the reservoir capacity for the following data; Command area of a project = 40000ha, canal losses
=10 %, Reservoir losses = 10%,
Base period , Outlet factor and Intensity of irrigation are given in the following table: 13 (1(c))

Crop Base period (days) Outlet factor (ha/cumec) Intensity of irrigation (%)
Sugar cane 360 1700 20
Cotton 180 1500 10
Wheat 120 1800 20
Rice 120 700 15
Vegetables 120 700 15
16. If wheat requires about 9.5 cm of water after every 30 days, and the base period for wheat is 150 days, find
out the value of duty and delta for wheat. 13 (2(c))
17. Determine the uniformity coefficient from the following data obtained from a field test on a square plot
bounded by four sprinklers. Sprinkler 4.365 x 2.381 mm nozzles at 2.8 kg/cm2
Spacing 24m x 24 m, Wind 3.5 km/hr. from south west, Humidity - 42% . Time of test 1.0 hr. 13 (3(c))
S 8.9 7.6 6.6 S
8.1 7.6 9.9 10.2 8.3
8.9 9.1 9.1 9.4 8.9
9.4 7.9 9.1 8.6 9.1
S 7.9 6.6 6.8 S
18. Estimate the leaching requirement when EC of the saturation extract of soil is 11mmhos/cm at 25%
reduction in the yield of cotton. EC of the irrigation water is 1.5 mmhos/cm. 13 (4(c))

19. A catchment is divided into five sub areas as given below: 13 (5(c))
 Sub area(km2) 1.5 3.0 2.0 1.0 2.5
Run off coefficient ,c 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.55 0.9
Calculate the 25 years flood using the rational method. Assume a concentration time of 35 mins and use the
75 0.22
following intensity frequency duration function = (+12)0.85
20. Annual peak flood discharges recorded at a stream gauging site for 19 years during the period 1951 to 1979
in 3 /are given below: 3950, 6190, 7660, 4220, 2820k, 5600, 7050, 5280, 5200, 4360, 6970, 6240,
4960,5890,5980,3590,6860,7210,5270. Construct the frequency curve and hence find the flood peak with
return period of 50 years and 100 years. 13 (6(c))
21. Design a regime channel section for a discharge of 50 cumec and silt factor 1.1, using Laceys theory. 13 (7(c))
22. Given the following inflow hydrograph to certain stream channel reach. Calculate outflow by the Muskingum
method. 13 (8(c))
Time in hr. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Inflow in 3 / 10 20 40 80 120 150 120 60 50 40 30 20 10
Assume initial inflow as 10 3 / and K = 4 hr. and X = 0.25
23. Following data refers to an agricultural land growing rice: 12 (2(c))
i) Period growth = 16th July to 31st July
ii) USBR class A pan evaporation = 6 mm/day
iii) Crop coefficient (crop index) K = 1.20
iv) Evaporation loss = 5 mm/day
v) Effective rainfall during the period = 60 mm

Calculate the value of NIR, FIR & GIR. Assume 20% loss of water in application and 25% in conveyance.

24. Design an irrigation channel to carry 40 cumecs of discharge, with B/D, i.e. base width to depth ratio as 2.5.
The critical velocity ratio is 1.0. Assume Kutters rugosity coefficient as 0.023 and use Kennedys method. 12
(5(c))
25. An engineer is required to design a drainage system for an airport with an area of 2.5 2 for a 50 year
35
return period. The 50 year rainfall intensity in that region is given by, = (+10)0.38 where, I is intensity in
cm/hr. and t is the duration in min. If the concentration time for the area is estimated as 50 min for what
discharge the system must be designed? 12 (7(c))
26. Given below is the information regarding flood stage, recurrence interval, total damage and cost of project
fo0r giving protection against indicated stage. Workout the benefit-cost ratio and net benefit (i.e. benefit-
cost). What is the peak stage against which you choose to provide protection? 12 (8(c))
Peak Total damage below Return period Annual cost of
stage indicated stage (years) project
(m) (Tk. In millions) (Tk. In millions)
9 0 7 0.8
10 8 10 1.2
11 20 15 1.6
12 40 22 2.0
13 64 30 2.6
14 90 70 3.2
15 120 150 3.6
16 160 300 4.0
27. Compute the depth and frequency of irrigation required for a certain crop with the data given below:
Root zone depth = 100 cm, Field capacity =22%, wilting point = 12%, Apparent sp. Gravity of soil =1.5 g/cc
Consumptive use=25 mm/day ; Efficiency of irrigation = 50%
Assume 50% depletion of available moisture before application of irrigation at field capacity. 11(3(c))
28. The culturable command area for a reservoir is 60000 hectres Find out the reservoir capacity if canal losses
are 7.5%, Reservoir loss 10.5% and other data are given below: 11(4(a))
Crop Base period Data Irrigation intensity
3
(days) (m /day) (%)
Rice 130 1000 10
 Wheat 120 2400 15
Cotton 180 1800 12
Sugarcane 360 3000 18

29. A field channel has a culturable commanded area of 2000 hectares. The intensity of irrigation for gram is
30% and for wheat is 50% Gram has n crop period of 18 days and kor depth of 12 cm, while wheat has a kor
period of 15 days and a kor depth of 15 cm. calculate the discharge of field channel. 11(5(c))
30. The analysis of a 30-year flood data at a point on a river yielded x =1200 m3/s and Sx = 650 m3/s. For what
discharge would you design the structure at this point to provide 95% assurance that the structure would
not fail in the next 50 years? for a record length of 30 years, values of = 0.53622 and = 1.11238
11(6(c))
31. The 1h unit hydrograph of a basin can be approximated as a triangle with base period of 48 h and a peak
discharge of 900 m3/s at the end of 12th hour. The design storm is having a total detention of 12 h with
rainfall intensities of 2.5cm/h, 4 cm/h & 3cm/h in three successive 1h period. Determine the design flood
discharge and the time of occurrence. Assume that the channel is completely standard before the
occurrence of design storm. 11(7(c))
32. Design an irrigation channel to carry 40 cumecs at a slope 1 in 5000 with N = 0.0225 (Mannings) and
Kennedys m=0.90. 11(8(c))
33. After how many days will you supply water to soil in order to ensure sufficient irrigation of the given crop if
10(1(c))
I) Field capacity of soil = 28%
II) Permanent wilting point =13%
III) Dry density of soil =1.3 g/cc
IV) Effective depth of root zone = 70 cm
V) Daily consumptive use by crop = 12mm
34. The gross commanded area for an irrigation canal is 50000 hectares out of which 75% is culturable
commanded area. The intensity of irrigation is 40% for sugarcane and 10% for rice. If Kor period for
sugarcane is 20 days and 10 days for rice. Determine the outlet discharge. Outlet factors are given 1800
hectares/cumec for sugarcane and 775 hectares/cumec for rice. Also calculate the delta for rice and
sugarcane 10(2(c))
35. What is the classification of irrigation water having the following characteristics: Concentration of Na, Ca and
Mg are 44, 3 and 1.5 milli equivalents per L respectively and the electrical conductivity is 500 micro-
ohms/cm at 25 10(3(c))
36. Determine required capacity of sprinkler system to apply water at the rate of 1.25 cm/hr. Two 186 m long
sprinkler lines are required. 26 sprinklers are spaced at 12 m intervals on each line. Spacing between lines is
18 m. 10(4(c))
37. Furrows 90 m long and 75 cm apart are irrigated by an initial furrow stream of 2L/s. The initial furrow stream
reached the lower end of the field in 50 min. The size of the stream was then reduced to 0.5 l/s. The cut back
stream continued for 1 h. Estimate the average depth of irrigation10(5(c))
38. Design a channel section for the following data: discharge, Q = 5 cumecs, silt factor, f = 1.0, side slope 0.5 H :
1V. Also determine the bed slope of the channel. 10(6(b))
39. From the analysis of available data for annual peak floods of a small stream for a period of 35 years, the 50
year and 100-year flood have been estimated to be 660 m3/s and 740 m3/s using Gumbels extreme value
distribution method. Estimate the 200-year flood for stream. The value of values of and are given in
following table 10(7(b))
Sample size, n

35 0.54034 1.12847
50 0.54854 1.16066
100 0.56002 1.20649
40. A culvert is proposed across certain stream draining an area of 185 hectares. The catchment has a slope of
0.04 and length of travel for water is 1150 m. Estimate the 25 year flood if the rainfall is given by =
10000.2
( +20)0.7
Where I is in mm/hr. is in years and is in minutes. Assume a runoff coefficient of 0.35.