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SESEnviroPlus
Electromagnetic
Environment Study
2012 Release
REVISION RECORD
January, 2012 14 0
Page iv
SPECIAL NOTE
Due to the continuous evolution of the SESEnviroPlus software, you may find that some of
the screens obtained using the present version of the SESEnviroPlus package are slightly
different from those appearing in this manual. Furthermore, small differences in the
reported and plotted numerical values may exist due to continuous enhancements of the
computation algorithms.
Copyright 2000-2013 Safe Engineering Services & technologies ltd. All rights reserved.
This page is intentionally left blank
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Page vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTD)
Page
Page viii
Chapter 1. Introduction
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 OBJECTIVE
The objective of this guide is to show you how to use the SESEnviroPlus to evaluate the electromagnetic
environmental impact of AC/DC transmission lines. A step-by-step approach is used to illustrate how to
use the program to input your data, carry out the computations and explore the computation results.
Please note that you may press the F1 key at any time to display context-sensitive on-line help pertinent
to the topic to which you have given focus with your mouse. You may also access the complete help file
by selecting Contents from the Help menu of the SESEnviroPlus interface.
If you are anxious to start entering data and running the SESEnviroPlus you may do so by reading Chapter
2. We strongly recommend, however, that you refer to the skipped sections to clarify items related to input
files, system configuration and data, file sharing and the computation methodology.
Please call SES toll-free support line with any questions you may have, as you work through this
manual. Call us collect at +1-450-622-5000 if you do not have this number handy. You can also E-
mail us questions at Support@sestech.com.
Page 1-1
Chapter 1. Introduction
Step 1 Calculate the line parameters while taking into account the power frequency;
Step 2 Compute the charges on the conductors in function of the voltage applied and the distribution of
the electric gradient around all conductors by the method of successive images (rms and peak
values) for a general case where AC and DC lines can co-exist;
Step 3 Compute the electric field and space potential (scalar potential) in the vicinity of the line(s) for a
general case where AC and DC lines can co-exist;
Step 4 For HVDC lines, compute the corona electric field in the vicinity of transmission lines or at the
earth surface while considering the space charge effect;
Step 5 Compute the generation function for the RI, AN, and CL for each conductor based on of the surface
gradient and the environmental conditions for a general case where AC and DC lines can co-exist;
Step 6 For the RI, compute the general modal transmission and propagation matrix taking into account
the complex modal analysis, the imperfect conductor conditions and the finite ground resistivity
to find the total high frequency current on all conductors, while considering the attenuation and
the phase shift of propagating modes;
Step 7 For the RI, compute the radio noise assuming TEM modes for the magnetic and electric fields
which result from the integration of stochastic current on all conductors;
Step 8 For the AN, compute the resultant sound pressure level that results from the integration of
stochastic acoustic power density generation along the conductor;
Step 9 For the CL, compute the resultant corona loss using the concept of generating function;
Step 10 Compute the resultant magnetic field contribution from the currents in all conductors;
Page 1-2
Chapter 1. Introduction
Chapter 2 briefly introduces the components of the SESEnviroPlus program. It also describes how to
create a new project or open an existing project.
Chapter 3 provides the step-by-step instructions on how to carry out electromagnetic environmental
evaluations of a 735 kV AC transmission line. It will provide the data entry, how to run the
program, checking and plotting the results.
Chapter 4 provides the step-by-step instructions on how to carry out electromagnetic environmental
evaluations of a 600 kV bipolar DC transmission line.
Appendix A tabulates various evaluation methods available for the calculation of RI, AN and CL in
the SESEnviroPlus.
Appendix B provides the printouts of the two TRALIN input files used in the study.
This tutorial assumes that the reader is using the Windows version of CDEGS.
XY_JobID.Fnn
where XY is a two-letter abbreviation corresponding to the name of the program which created the file or
which will read the file as input. The JobID consists of string of characters and numbers that is used to
label all the files produced during a given CDEGS run. This helps identify the corresponding input,
computation, results and plot files. The nn are two digits used in the extension to indicate the type of file.
The abbreviations used for the various CDEGS modules are as follows:
RESAP RS FCDIST FC
MALT MT HIFREQ HI
Page 1-3
Chapter 1. Introduction
MALZ MZ FFTSES FT
TRALIN TR SICL* SC
SPLITS SP CSIRPS* CS
SESTLC TC SESEnviroPlus TR
SESShield LS SESShield-3D SD
GRSPLITS-3D SP ROWCAD RC
The SICL module is used internally by the Input Toolbox data entry interface. The CSIRPS module
is used internally by the Output Toolbox and GRServer graphics and report generating interface.
The following four types of files are often used and discussed when a user requests technical support for
the software:
.F05 Command input file (for engineering applications programs). This is a text file that can be
opened by any text editor (WordPad or Notepad) and can be modified manually by experienced
users.
.F09 Computation results file (for engineering applications programs). This is a text file that can
be opened by any text editor (WordPad or Notepad).
.F21 Computation database file (for engineering applications programs). This is a binary file
that can only be loaded by the CDEGS software for reports and graphics display.
.F33 Computation database file (for engineering applications programs MALZ and HIFREQ
only). This is a binary file that stores the current distribution to recover.
For further details on CDEGS file naming conventions and JobID, please consult CDEGS Help under
Help | Contents | File Naming Conventions.
Page 1-4
Chapter 1. Introduction
This manual was created using D:\CDEGS Howto\SESEnviroPlus\ as the working folder, and this will
be reflected in the various screen shots shown in the manual.
You may prefer to use a different working directory. Either way, you should take note of the full path of
your working directory before running the SESEnviroPlus, as you will need this information to follow
this tutorial.
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Chapter 1. Introduction
All input files used in this tutorial are supplied on your DVD. These files are stored during the software
installation under documents\Howto\SESEnviroPlus (where documents is the SES software
documentation directory, e.g., C:\Users\Public\Documents\SES Software\version, and version is the
version number of your SES Software) Note that this folder is a folder distinct from the SES software
installation directory, e.g, C:\Program Files\SES Software\version (where version is, again, the version
number of your SES Software).
For those who prefer to load the input files into the software and simply follow the tutorial, you can
copy all of the files from the documents\Howto\SESEnviroPlus directory to your working directory.
After the tutorial has been completed, you may wish to explore the other How To Engineering manuals
which are available as PDF files on the SES Software DVD in the folder \PDF\HowTo.
If the files required for this tutorial are missing or have been modified, you will need to manually copy
the originals from the SES Software DVD.
Both original input and output files can be found in the following directories on the SES Software DVD:
Note that the files found in both the inputs and the outputs directories should be copied directly into
the working directory, not into subdirectories of the working directory.
Page 1-6
Chapter 2. Using SESEnviroPlus & Program Highlights
CHAPTER 2
USING SESEnviroPlus & PROGRAM
HIGHLIGHTS
In this chapter we will describe how to get started by creating a new project or by opening an existing
project. We will also briefly describe the highlights and major functions of each module in the program.
The online help provides further detailed descriptions of each module.
Click here
In the SES Software <Version> group folder, where <Version> is the version number of the software,
you should see the icons representing Autogrid Pro, AutoGroundDesign, CDEGS, Right-of-Way,
SESEnviroPlus, SESShield-3D and SESTLC software packages, as well as four folders. The
Documentation folder contains help documents for various utilities and software packages. The Program
Folders provides shortcuts to programs, installation and projects folders. The System folder allows you
Page 2-1
Chapter 2. Using SESEnviroPlus & Program Highlights
to conveniently set up security keys. Various utilities can be found in the Tools folder. The main function
of each software package and utility is described hereafter.
SOFTWARE PACKAGES
Autogrid Pro provides a simple, integrated environment for carrying out detailed grounding studies.
This package combines the computational powers of the engineering programs RESAP, MALT and
FCDIST with a simple, largely automated interface.
AutoGroundDesign offers powerful and intelligent functions that help electrical engineers design
safe grounding installations quickly and efficiently. The time devoted to design a safe and also cost-
effective grounding grid is minimized by the use of automation techniques and appropriate databases.
This module can help reduce considerably the time needed to complete a grounding design.
SESShield-3D is a powerful graphical program for the design and analysis of protective measures
against lightning for substations and electrical networks. Its 3D graphical environment can be used to
model accurately systems with complex geometries.
SESTLC is a simplified analysis tool useful to quickly estimate the inductive and conductive
electromagnetic interference levels on other metallic utility paths such as pipelines and railways
located close to electric lines (and not necessary parallel to them), as well as the magnetic and electric
fields of arbitrary configurations of parallel transmission and distribution lines. It can also compute
the line parameters.
CDEGS is a powerful set of integrated engineering software tools designed to accurately analyze
problems involving grounding, electromagnetic fields, electromagnetic interference including AC/DC
interference mitigation studies and various aspects of cathodic protection and anode bed analysis with
a global perspective, starting literally from the ground up. It consists of eight engineering modules:
RESAP, MALT, MALZ, SPLITS, TRALIN, HIFREQ, FCDIST and FFTSES. This is the primary
interface used to enter data, run computations, and examine results for all software packages other
than Right-of-Way, Autogrid Pro, AutoGroundDesign, SESTLC, SESShield-3D and SESEnviroPlus.
This interface also provides access to the utilities listed below.
TOOLS
AutoTransient automates the process required to carry out a transient analysis with the HIFREQ and
FFTSES modules
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Chapter 2. Using SESEnviroPlus & Program Highlights
CETU simplifies the transfer of Right-of-Way and SPLITS output data to MALZ. A typical
application is the calculation of conductive interference levels in an AC interference study.
FFT21Data extracts data directly from FFTSES output database files (File21) in a spreadsheet-
compatible format or in a format recognized by the new SESPLOT utility.
GraRep is a program that displays and prints graphics or text files. For more information on GraRep
see Chapter 6 of the Utilities Manual or invoke the Windows Help item from the menu bar.
GRServer is an advanced output processor which displays, plots, prints, and modifies configuration
and computation results obtained during previous and current CDEGS sessions.
GRSplits plots the circuit models entered in SPLITS or FCDIST input files. This program greatly
simplifies the task of manipulating, visualizing and checking the components of a SPLITS or FCDIST
circuit.
GRSplits-3D is a powerful interactive 3D graphical environment that allows you to view and edit the
circuit data contained in SPLITS input files and to simultaneously visualize the computation results.
ROWCAD is a graphical user interface for the visualization and specification of the geometrical data
of Right-of-Way projects. Its 3D graphical environment can be used to visualize, specify and edit the
path data of Right-of-Way, and to define the electrical properties of those paths.
SESAmpacity computes the ampacity, the temperature rise or the minimum size of a bare buried
conductor during a fault. It also computes the temperature of bare overhead conductors for a given
current or the current corresponding to a given temperature, accounting for environmental conditions.
SESBat is a utility that allows you to submit several CDEGS engineering program runs at once. The
programs can be run with different JobIDs and from different Working Directories.
SESCad is a CAD program which allows you to create, modify, and view complex grounding
networks and aboveground metallic structures, in these dimensions. It is a graphical utility for the
development of conductor networks in MALT, MALZ and HIFREQ.
SESConductorDatabase gives access to the SES Conductor Database. It allows you to view the
electrical properties of conductors in the database, and to add new conductors to the database or modify
their properties.
SESGSE rapidly computes the ground resistances of simple grounding systems, such as ground rods,
horizontal wires, plates, rings, etc, in uniform soils. SESGSE also estimates the required size of such
grounding systems to achieve a given ground resistance.
SESPlot provides simple plots from data read from a text file.
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Chapter 2. Using SESEnviroPlus & Program Highlights
SESScript is a simple programming language that automatically generates input files for parametric
analyses.
SESShield provides optimum solutions for the protection of transmission lines and substations against
direct lightning strikes and optimizes the location and configuration of shield wires and masts in order
to prevent the exposure of energized conductors, busses and equipment. It can also perform risk
assessment calculations associated with lightning strikes on various structures.
SESSystemViewer is a powerful 3D graphics rendition software that allows you to visualize the
complete system including the entire network and surrounding soil structure. Furthermore,
computation results are displayed right on the system components.
SoilModelManager is a software tool that automates the selection of soil model structures that apply
during various seasons.
SoilTransfer utility allows you to transfer the soil model found in several SES files into several
MALT, MALZ or HIFREQ input (F05) files.
TransposIT is a tool for the analysis of line transpositions on coupled electric power line circuits. To
ensure that voltage unbalance is kept within predefined limits, it allows the user to determine the
optimal number of power line transpositions and their required locations.
WMFPrint displays and prints WMF files (Windows Metafiles) generated by CDEGS or any other
software.
Page 2-4
Chapter 2. Using SESEnviroPlus & Program Highlights
The following Job Identification and Working Directory screen will open automatically in which the
Working Directory and Current Job ID need to be assigned by a user. By default the path for the
project is in the system users directory. This can be changed by either manually typing the path in the
text area, or by clicking on the path browser button to specify the desired path.
As explained in Chapter 1, a Working Directory is a directory where all input and output files are created.
A Current Job ID consists of string of characters and numbers that is used to label all the files produced
during a given CDEGS run.
In the main toolbar, click the Open button , a new window will appear, as shown in Figure 2.5.
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Chapter 2. Using SESEnviroPlus & Program Highlights
Click on the Browse button to load any existing TRALIN input files (TR_*.F05 files). For example, you
can navigate to your working folder (D:\CDEGS Howto\SESEnviroPlus), then double-click the file
TR_Horizontal AC735kV.F05. This will load a project defining the data used for Chapter 3 of this
tutorial. You can also load other three files in the same folder for different kinds of computations.
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Chapter 2. Using SESEnviroPlus & Program Highlights
Page 2-7
Chapter 2. Using SESEnviroPlus & Program Highlights
Case Description & Options: Enter the project descriptions and define options.
Soil Characteristics: Define a uniform soil.
System Configuration: Enter all parameters specific to the actual line, such as, number of
circuits, number of phases and neutrals per circuit, along with the
bundle geometry and conductor types.
Phase Energization: Specify the voltage energizations on phase conductors.
Electromagnetic Fields: Specify what type of computations will be performed, such as,
electric fields, magnetic fields, and/or electrical scalar potentials,
and corona electric field (for DC). Current distribution can be
specified if magnetic fields computation is selected
Observation Profiles: Define the locations at which electric fields, magnetic fields, scalar
potentials, Radio Interference (RI) and Acoustical Noise (AN) are
to be computed. This can be specified as individual calculation
points, as a linear array of such points (a profile) or as points
regularly distributed at selected conductor surfaces.
Environmental Impact: Define evaluation methods for RI, AN, Corona Loss (CL), source
circuits/bundle, and atmospheric conditions and altitudes, etc.
In each module, the essential data are to be entered correctly. Otherwise, a prompt message will pop up to
remind you to correct them. Once the data has been entered, click the Run button in the SESEnviroPlus
screen to start the computation. The program will compute and save the results in your working folder.
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Chapter 3. Electromagnetic Environmental Evaluations of a 735 kV AC Transmission Line
CHAPTER 3
ELECTROMAGNETIC ENVIRONMENTAL
EVALUATIONS OF A 735 KV AC
TRANSMISSION LINE
In this chapter, we will describe in details how to use the SESEnviroPlus to carry out electromagnetic
environmental evaluations of the Hydro-Quebec AC 735 kV transmission line.
Shield wire
18m
12.8 m
13.72 m 13.72 m
45 cm
27.43 m
Phase bundle
Z
1.00 m Profile 1
Y
Earth Surface
1
Giao Trinh, P. Sarma Maruvada, J. Flamand and J.R. Valotaire, A Study of the Corona Performance of Hydro-Qubecs
735-kV Lines, IEEE Trans., Vol. PAS-101, No. 3, March 1982, pp. 681-690.
Page 3-1
Chapter 3. Electromagnetic Environmental Evaluations of a 735 kV AC Transmission Line
As shown in Figure 3.1, the magnetic field will be evaluated along Profile 1 which is at 1 m above the
earth surface, from Y = -100 m to Y = + 100 m. The observation points are spaced 1 m apart. The phase
to phase operating voltage is 735 kV. The SESEnviroPlus input file of this example is shown in Printout
B.1 in Appendix B. We assume that the transmission line is perfectly transposed.
In the Job Identification and Working Directory screen, we recommend the following Working
Directory and Job ID as explained in Chapter 1:
In the following section, it is assumed that the reader is entering the data as indicated in the instructions.
Note that it is advisable to save your work regularly with the use of the Save icon in the toolbar or the File
| Save command (in the File menu). The entered data will be saved in an ASCII file named TR_Horizontal
AC735kV.F05 which can be opened by a text editor such as the Notepad. If you intend to enter the data
manually, proceed to the next section, otherwise, you can import all the data by proceeding as follows:
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Chapter 3. Electromagnetic Environmental Evaluations of a 735 kV AC Transmission Line
Importing DATA
Click the button. Browse to the file TR_Horizontal AC735kV.F05 in the working directory,
then click on the Open button in the dialog box. The data described in the next section will be loaded
and you will not have to enter it.
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Chapter 3. Electromagnetic Environmental Evaluations of a 735 kV AC Transmission Line
Selecting the Options tab displays the options set in the current project. Since this is a new project, these
options will take the values in the Default Settings dialog under the Template tab. Please note again that,
modifying the setting in the Options tab, as shown in Figure 3.4, only affects the current project - if one
wishes to change the default settings when a new project is created please consult the Default Settings.
Consult the online help for further information on each available option. Consult the online help for further
information on each available option.
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Chapter 3. Electromagnetic Environmental Evaluations of a 735 kV AC Transmission Line
Step 1. Define Circuits: (a) To define a new circuit, click the button and a new circuit row
will appear. Enter 735 kV under the circuit Name; (b) By default, the input data in Nb of
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Chapter 3. Electromagnetic Environmental Evaluations of a 735 kV AC Transmission Line
Conductors for the number of sub-conductors in each bundle is set to 4 and the Start
Angle for the first sub-conductor is set to 45 degree. (c) Upon adding the new circuit row,
the grid will show two cells highlighted in red (in error) (see Figure 3.7), which indicates
that the Bundle Radius and the Conductor Radius are still to be assigned to appropriate
values, rather than 0.
Figure 3.7 Define Circuit and Conductors (The Values in Red Are Still To Be Defined)
Step 2. Figure 3.1Define Phase Conductor Characteristics: (a) As shown in Figure 3.1, the
bundle radius is 0.323 m (= 2 0.457/2 m). Enter this value under the Bundle Radius
and this clears the first error. (b) The phase conductors are 1193 MCM ACSR 45/7 Bunting.
As shown in Figure 3.8, this conductor can be defined conveniently from the Conductor
Database by click the button to the right of Phase Conductor Characteristic. The
conductor database screen will pop up (see Figure 3.9). (c) Select ACSR from the drop-
down menu of the Conductor Class. In the list of ACSR conductors, select Baldplate and
click on the Export button. The value in Conductor Radius is filled automatically to
0.0165354 m. Note that this value cannot be modified as it is linked to the Conductor
Database. This database is quite extensive, but if a required conductor is not available, you
can define your own New Conductor Class by clicking on the Advanced button. Please
consult the on-line help for further details.
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Chapter 3. Electromagnetic Environmental Evaluations of a 735 kV AC Transmission Line
Step 3. Define Bundle Geometry: For each circuit, the geometrical distribution of the sub-
conductors can be defined by selecting the Symmetrical or User Defined options in
Bundle Geometry drop-down menu. In this example we keep the default which is the
Symmetrical, i.e., the sub-conductors are symmetrically defined by the Nb of Conductors
Page 3-7
Chapter 3. Electromagnetic Environmental Evaluations of a 735 kV AC Transmission Line
and the Start Angle. If the User Defined option is selected, a new screen appears by
clicking the button on the right, as shown in Figure 3.10. In this case, the angle and distance
of each sub-conductor from the bundle center can be defined individually by the user.
Step 4. Define Local Circuit Transposition Status: Three options are provided, Inherited, Yes
and No, as shown in Figure 3.11. In this example, we again keep the default line
transposition status, i.e., Inherited, which sets the transmission line as Transposed under
the Case Description & Options (see Figure 3.4). Note that if the status of line
transposition has not been modified, the Inherited and Yes selections give the same result
as transposed. The selection of No will define the current circuit as not transposed. The
status of the line transposition will affect the return current in neutral wires and the resultant
magnetic field. For a balanced three-phase transmission system, the currents in the ground
return conductors (i.e., neutral, shield, or static wires) contribute significantly to the
resultant magnetic fields. This module computes the resultant magnetic field generated by
the current circulating on all the conductors, including the induced current in the ground
wire.
Page 3-8
Chapter 3. Electromagnetic Environmental Evaluations of a 735 kV AC Transmission Line
Step 5. Figure 3.1Define Locations of Phase Conductors: In the Phase and Neutrals block, the
location and surface condition of phase and neutrals for each circuit can be defined, as
shown in Figure 3.12. In the Phase tab, click the button to add the three phase
conductors according to Figure 3.1. The Z Average Coordinates are the average height of
the phase conductors (minimum height plus one third of the sag for horizontal lines). The
sag of the transmission line is not considered in this case. Therefore the Z Actual
Coordinates are left as empty which use the Z Average Coordinates. Note that the Z
Actual Coordinates corresponds to the exact height of the bundle at the point where the
computations (electric fields, scalar potentials, magnetic fields, radio interferences, audible
noises and corona losses) will be evaluated.
Step 6. Figure 3.1Define Locations of Overhead Shield Wires: In the Neutrals tab, we will
define the overhead shield wires according to Figure 3.1 .Note that the characteristics of
each overhead shield wires can be defined individually. As shown in Figure 3.13, click on
the button to the Neutral Conductor Characteristics and select Steel from the drop-down
menu. Select EHS-AG and click on the Export. This defines the first EHS-AG steel
conductor. The characteristics of the second overhead shield wire can be simply defined
by selecting the 1/2 EHS-AG STEEL from the drop-down list as shown in Figure 3.13.
The locations of phase and overhead shield wires are updated in the circuit layout in Figure
3.13.
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Chapter 3. Electromagnetic Environmental Evaluations of a 735 kV AC Transmission Line
Page 3-10
Chapter 3. Electromagnetic Environmental Evaluations of a 735 kV AC Transmission Line
The Phase Voltages can be defined as per unit values and the Reference Voltages can be
conveniently used as a multiplication factors to define Phase Energization as Phase To Neutral
or Phase To Phase.
The energization values under the Design View are updated as they are entered by the user.
It is possible to specify both AC and DC voltage energizations on the same phase.
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Chapter 3. Electromagnetic Environmental Evaluations of a 735 kV AC Transmission Line
many points will be evaluated at the surface of the conductor. The on-line help provides further details in
this option.
As shown in Figure 3.1, the magnetic field will be evaluated along a Linear Profile which is at 1 m above
the earth surface, from Y = -100 m to Y = + 100 m. The observation points are spaced 1 m apart. Figure
3.16 shows the input data.
Page 3-12
Chapter 3. Electromagnetic Environmental Evaluations of a 735 kV AC Transmission Line
In the Acoustical tab, the Semi-Empirical IREQ (Canada) method is selected (see Figure 3.18),
as this method is based on the research work in the Institut de recherche d'Hydro-Qubec (IREQ)
of the Hydro-Quebec.
In the Radio Interference tab, the Semi-Empirical IREQ (Canada) method is selected (Figure
3.19). Here the RI is evaluated at 0.5 MHz (the default value). The default methods are also chosen
for the addition of RI, i.e. CISPR for AC transmission lines and RMS for DC transmission lines.
In the Corona Loss tab, again, the IREQ (Canada) method is selected, as shown in Figure 3.20.
In the Atmospheric tab, we select the Heavy Rain condition as an example, as shown in Figure
3.21.
Page 3-13
Chapter 3. Electromagnetic Environmental Evaluations of a 735 kV AC Transmission Line
At this point, you have completed the preparation of the data. Under the File menu, select Save. The file
TR_Horizontal AC735kV.F05 is ready to be submitted to the SESEnviroPlus program in the next section.
If you are a licensee of the SESEnviroPlus software you will now be able to proceed to the next section.
Users of the demo software are not able to process the input file, but are able to peruse all output files that
are already available. Therefore read the next section for reference only.
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Chapter 3. Electromagnetic Environmental Evaluations of a 735 kV AC Transmission Line
Upon completion, the program will produce four important files: an OUTPUT file (TR_ Horizontal
AC735kV.F09), a REPORT file (TR_ Horizontal AC735kV.F27) and two DATABASE files (TR_
Horizontal AC735kV.F21, and TR_ Horizontal AC735kV.X21). The OUTPUT and the REPORT files are
ASCII files. They can be opened by a text editor such as the Notepad or by selecting the View | Output
Files menu item in the SESEnviroPlus window. Any ERROR or WARNING messages generated during
the SESEnviroPlus run will appear in the OUTPUT files. The REPORT file contains the line parameters
computed. The database file TR_ Horizontal AC735kV.F21 can be loaded by the TRALIN Output
Toolbox, while the database file TR_ Horizontal AC735kV.X21 is used by the SESEnviroPlot Graphical
Display Tool for plotting.
Click on the Close button. This will start the SESEnviroPlot Graphical Display Tool automatically and
you are ready to plot results.
Page 3-15
Chapter 3. Electromagnetic Environmental Evaluations of a 735 kV AC Transmission Line
Select 4-RI Prof: 1 (A.C. Line Heavy Rain IREQ simplified under the Computation Block
Number Selection;
Select 3-Distance under X Axis Data Column Selection;
Select both 4-AC Radio Interference (Electric Field <E>) and 5-AC Radio Interference
(Equivalent Electric Field <H>) under Y Axis Data Columns Selection.
Click on the Plot button and this will generate Figure 3.25 which represents the RI data gathered
by using a rod antenna.
Click on the Next Plot button. It will generate Figure 3.26 which represents the RI data gathered
by using a loop antenna.
If you wish, Figure 3.25 and Figure 3.26 can be saved by selecting the File | Save As menu item. This
will save a file with an extension *.agl which can be loaded back by using the Compaq Array Viewer
which can be found under the SESSoftware installation folder. However, this is not necessary since these
plots can be generated at any time by first re-loading the plotting database file *.X21 and then by selecting
the View | Plot Results (Ctrl+R) menu item in the SESEnviroPlus window to start the SESEnviroPlot
Graphical Display Tool.
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Chapter 3. Electromagnetic Environmental Evaluations of a 735 kV AC Transmission Line
Figure 3.25 AC Radio Interference (Electric Field <E>) Data Collected Using Rod Antenna
Page 3-17
Chapter 3. Electromagnetic Environmental Evaluations of a 735 kV AC Transmission Line
Figure 3.26 AC Radio Interference (Equivalent Electric Field <H>) Data Collected Using
Loop Antenna
Select 5-AN Prof: 1 (A.C. Line Heavy Rain IREQ (Integration) under the Computation
Block Number Selection;
Select 3-Distance under X Axis Data Column Selection;
Select 4-AC Audible Noise under Y Axis Data Columns Selection;
Click on the Plot button. This generates Figure 3.28.
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Chapter 3. Electromagnetic Environmental Evaluations of a 735 kV AC Transmission Line
Page 3-19
Chapter 3. Electromagnetic Environmental Evaluations of a 735 kV AC Transmission Line
Select 6-A.C. Magnetic Field Profile no. 1 under the Computation Block Number Selection;
Select 3-Distance under X Axis Data Column Selection;
Select 11-Resultant of the AC Magnetic Field under Y Axis Data Columns Selection;
Click on the Plot button. This generates Figure 3.30.
Page 3-20
Chapter 3. Electromagnetic Environmental Evaluations of a 735 kV AC Transmission Line
Figure 3.30 Resultant Magnetic Field Calculated for AC 735 kV Transmission Line
= = = = = = C O R O N A L O S S C O M P U T A T I O N = = = = = =
=====================================================================
________________________________________________________________________________
G E N E R A T I N G F U N C T I O N S
IREQ's integrating method
Losses W/m
AC VOLTAGE
Line No. Bundle No. RI AN Losses
(dB) (dBA) (Watts/m)
1 1 NA NA 31.0
1 2 NA NA 58.6
1 3 NA NA 31.0
1 901 NA NA 0.00
1 902 NA NA 0.00
Page 3-21
Chapter 4. Electromagnetic Environmental Evaluations of a 600 kV DC Line
CHAPTER 4
ELECTROMAGNETIC ENVIRONMENTAL
EVALUATIONS OF A 600 KV DC LINE
This chapter presents an example for a bipolar 600 kV DC transmission line. Since detailed descriptions
on how to use the SESEnviroPlus to study the AC transmission lines have been provided in the proceeding
chapter, we shall only present appropriate input data screens for the DC line. The computation results will
also be presented.
1
H. L. Hill, A. S. Capon, O. Ratz, P. E. Renner, and W. D. Schmit, Transmission Line Reference Book HVDC to 600 kV,
Electric Power Research Institute, 3412 Hillview Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94304, 1976, pp. 87-94.
Page 3-1
Chapter 4. Electromagnetic Environmental Evaluations of a 600 kV DC Line
The input file (.F05) of this example is the Printout B.2 in Appendix B. It can be loaded under the name
TR_EPRI2X600kV-D11.2.F05 in the input folder as specified in Section 1.8.
Phase Energization
Electromagnetic Fields
Environmental Impact
Page 4-2
Chapter 4. Electromagnetic Environmental Evaluations of a 600 kV DC Line
by clicking on the button next to the Space-Charge. The default parameters are used in this example, as
shown in Figure 4.4.
Page 4-3
Chapter 4. Electromagnetic Environmental Evaluations of a 600 kV DC Line
For illustration purpose, 1000 A is used for the computation of magnetic fields. In this example, the corona
onset voltages for both poles are set to 290 kV. This value can be different for different poles.
Page 4-4
Chapter 4. Electromagnetic Environmental Evaluations of a 600 kV DC Line
For the RI, AN and CL, the DC evaluation methods are used. In this example, the Semi-Empirical IREQ-
DC method is selected. Figure 4.5, Figure 4.6 and Figure 4.7 show the selected methods for the calculation
of AN, RI and CL, respectively. For the AN calculation, 0.5 MHz is used and the RMS additional method
is selected. In the Atmospheric tab, the Heavy Rain is selected and the rest of parameters are taken from
the default parameters.
Select 3-RI Prof: 1 (D.C. Line Heavy Rain IREQ-DC method under the Computation
Block Number Selection;
Select 3-Distance under X Axis Data Column Selection;
Select both 4-DC Radio Interference (Electric Field <E>) and 5-DC Radio Interference
(Equivalent Electric Field <H>) under Y Axis Data Columns Selection;
Click on the Plot button and the Next Plot button. This generates Figure 4.9 and Figure 4.10.
Page 4-5
Chapter 4. Electromagnetic Environmental Evaluations of a 600 kV DC Line
Figure 4.8 Selections for Plotting Radio Interference for HVDC Transmission Line
Figure 4.9 DC Radio Interference (Electric Field <E>) Data Collected Using Rod Antenna
Page 4-6
Chapter 4. Electromagnetic Environmental Evaluations of a 600 kV DC Line
Figure 4.10 DC Radio Interference (Equivalent Electric Field <H>) Data Collected Using Loop
Antenna
Select 4-AN Prof: 1 (D.C. Line Heavy Rain IREQ-DC semi-empirical) under the
Computation Block Number Selection;
Select 3-Distance under X Axis Data Column Selection;
Select 4-DC Audible Noise under Y Axis Data Columns Selection;
Click on the Plot button. This generates Figure 4.12.
Page 4-7
Chapter 4. Electromagnetic Environmental Evaluations of a 600 kV DC Line
Figure 4.11 Selections for Plotting Acoustical Noise for HVDC Transmission Line
Page 4-8
Chapter 4. Electromagnetic Environmental Evaluations of a 600 kV DC Line
Figure 4.12 Acoustical Noise Calculated for HVDC 600 kV Transmission Line
Select 5-D.C. Magnetic Field Profile no. 1 under the Computation Block Number Selection;
Select 3-Distance under X Axis Data Column Selection;
Select 11-Resultant of the DC Magnetic Field under Y Axis Data Columns Selection;
Click on the Plot button. This generates Figure 4.14.
Page 4-9
Chapter 4. Electromagnetic Environmental Evaluations of a 600 kV DC Line
Figure 4.13 Selections for Plotting Magnetic Field for HVDC Transmission Line
Page 4-10
Chapter 4. Electromagnetic Environmental Evaluations of a 600 kV DC Line
________________________________________________________________________________
GENERATING FUNCTIONS
IREQ's DC semi-empirical method Level L50
Losses W/m
Summer conditions
DC VOLTAGE
Line No. Bundle No. RI AN Losses
(dB) (dBA) (Watts/m)
1 1 NA NA 14.2
1 2 NA NA 14.2
Page 4-11
Chapter 5. Conclusions
CHAPTER 5
CONCLUSIONS
This concludes our concise step-by-step instructions on how to prepare, submit and examine results for a
rapid electromagnetic environmental evaluation for AC/DC transmission lines with respect to radio
interference, acoustical noise, corona loss, magnetic field, and electric field.
Keep in mind that the SESEnviroPlus can handle many different transmission line scenarios, such as, AC-
only; DC-only; AC along with DC lines; AC lines carrying DC, etc. The SESEnviroPlus is designed to
simplify and reduce the work necessary to optimize transmission line designs when considering corona
and environmental parameters; as well as, the ability to reduce the cost of the transmission lines while
remaining within acceptable operation limits.
Only a few of the many features of the software have been used in this tutorial. You should try the many
other options available to familiarize yourself with the CDEGS software package. Your SES Software
DVD also contains a wealth of information stored under the PDF directory. There you will find the
Getting Started with SES Software Packages manual (\PDF\getstart.pdf) which contains useful
information on the CDEGS environment. You will also find other How ToEngineering Guides, Annual
Users Group Meeting Proceedings and much more. All Help documents are also available online.
Page 5-1
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Appendix A. RI, AN and CL Evaluation Methods
APPENDIX A
RI, AN AND CL EVALUATION METHODS
As mentioned in the section Methodology Used in SESEnviroPlus in Chapter 1, the various methods
used to evaluate RI, AN and CL are based on empirical data that was obtained for different test conditions
and that is valid in different domains, based on these conditions. This appendix gives detailed information
about these methods and their domain of validity.
In the Domain of Validity, the symbol gm stands for the maximum electric gradient at the conductor
surface.
Page A-1
Appendix A. RI, AN and CL Evaluation Methods
Page A-2
Appendix A. RI, AN and CL Evaluation Methods
Page A-3
Appendix A. RI, AN and CL Evaluation Methods
Page A-4
Appendix A. RI, AN and CL Evaluation Methods
1- IREQ-DC(Canada) Outdoor test line (Level L50). 600 < V (kV) < 1200
2.0 d (cm) 6.0
gm 35 kV/cm
1<n<8
Bipolar lines
2- IREQ3-DC(Canada) Outdoor test cage and line 600 V (kV) < 1200
(Level L50). 2.0 d (cm) 6.0
gm 32 kV/cm
1<n<8
Bipolar and monopolar lines
3- IREQ4-DC(Canada) Outdoor test cage and line 600 < V (kV) < 1200
(Level L5). 2.0 d (cm) 6.0
gm 32 kV/cm
1<n<8
Bipolar and monopolar lines
Page A-5
Appendix A. RI, AN and CL Evaluation Methods
1- BPA-DC-E(USA) Outdoor test cage and line 100 < V (kV) < 600
(Level L50). 3.0 d (cm) 6.5
gm 30 kV/cm
1<n<4
Bipolar lines
2- EPRI-DC-E(USA) Outdoor test cage and line 100 < V (kV) < 600
(Level L50). 3.0 d (cm) 6.5
gm 30 kV/cm
1<n<4
Bipolar lines
Page A-6
Appendix A. RI, AN and CL Evaluation Methods
Page A-7
Appendix A. RI, AN and CL Evaluation Methods
1- IREQ-DC(Canada) Outdoor test line (Level L50). 600 < V (kV) <1200
2.0 d (cm) 6.0
gm 35 kV/cm
1<n<8
Bipolar lines
2- IREQ3-DC(Canada) Outdoor test line and test cage 600 <V (kV) <1200
(Level L50). 2.0 d (cm) 6.0
gm 32 kV/cm
1<n<8
Bipolar and monopolar lines
3- IREQ4-DC(Canada) Outdoor test line and test cage 600 <V (kV)<1200
(Level L5). 2.0 d (cm) 6.0
gm 32 kV/cm
1<n<8
Bipolar and monopolar lines
4- CorbelliniPelacchi-DC(Italy) Compilation of several published 230 V (kV) 1200
methods. Bipolar lines
No seasonal variations taken into
account
5- Anneberg-DC(Sweden) Outdoor test line (Level L50). V < 750kV
gm 26 kV/cm
Bipolar and monopolar lines
No seasonal variations taken into
account
6- EPRI-DC(USA) Outdoor test line (Level L50). V < 600kV
3.0 d (cm) 6.5
gm 30 kV/cm
1<n<4
Bipolar lines
No seasonal variations taken into
account
Page A-8
Appendix B. Command Input Mode
APPENDIX B
COMMAND INPUT MODE
Any of the interfaces listed below or a text editor can be used to prepare the input data. The Windows
Toolbox input mode convert the results of an input session to a Command Mode compatible ASCII
input file which can be edited at any time. This document describes the Windows Toolbox mode detail.
Printout B.1 and Printout B.2 show the TRALIN input files that are generated in Chapter 3 and Chapter
4, respectively. These TRALIN files are ASCII files which can be edited directly by an experienced
user. Similar files can be prepared quite easily by following the information contained in the template
shown in Figure B.1.
TRALIN
TEXT,PROJECT,0,A horizontal 735kV AC line which runs from north to south.
OPTIONS
UNITS,METRIC
SYSTEM
LINES,TRANSPOSED
CIRCUIT,735 kV,4,0.323,45.,0.0165354,0,0.,0.
PHASE,Phase A,1,-13.72,27.43,27.43,0.
PHASE,Phase B,2,0.,27.43,27.43,0.
PHASE,Phase C,3,13.72,27.43,27.43,0.
NEUTRAL,Steel-1,0.0062865,-9.,40.23,40.23,0.,1,0
NEUTRAL,Steel-2,0.0062865,9.,40.23,40.23,0.,1,0
STRANDS,1,1,45,0.0131369,0.0489019,0.00206756,0.0041402,2,2
CLASS_INFO,ACSR,60.,0.
CONDUCTOR_INFO,Bunting
STRANDS,2,2,6,0.975553,2.2127,0.0020955,0.0020955,3,2
CLASS_INFO,STEEL,60.,0.
CONDUCTOR_INFO,1/2 EHS-AG
STRANDS,3,3,6,0.975553,2.2127,0.0020955,0.0020955,3,2
CLASS_INFO,STEEL,60.,0.
CONDUCTOR_INFO,1/2 EHS-AG
PARAMETERS
BASE-VALUES
FREQUENCY,60.
GRADIENT,RMS-FIELD
DETERMINE,BOTH,1,1,1,0
PROFILES,ALL,201,-100.,1.,100.,1.
DISTRIBUTION,POLAR,1,1,1,0,1000.,0.,0.,0.,0.
DISTRIBUTION,POLAR,1,2,1,-120,1000.,-120.,0.,0.,0.
DISTRIBUTION,POLAR,1,3,1,120,1000.,120.,0.,0.,0.
REFERENCE,PHASE-PHASE,735.
ENVIRO
WORKSPACE
SURFACEDEFINITIONMODE,BYBUNDLE
PARAMETERS
ATMOSPHERIC,0.0,760.0,25.0
METEO,HEAVYRAIN
CHARGES-DISTRIBUTION,-1,-1
SPACE-CHARGE,GRADIENT,0.00013,0.00017,2.2E-12
RADIO-NOISE,0.5,1,0
METHOD,IREQ
METHOD,IREQ-SI
AUDIBLE-NOISE
Page B-1
Appendix B. Command Input Mode
METHOD,IREQ
CORONA-LOSS
METHOD,IREQ
ENDPROGRAM
STRANDS,1,1,0,1.,1.,0.,0.,1,1
CLASS_INFO,,0.,0.
CONDUCTOR_INFO
SOIL-TYPE
UNIFORM,100.0,1.0,1.0
PARAMETERS
BASE-VALUES
FREQUENCY,60.
GRADIENT,RMS-FIELD
DETERMINE,BOTH,1,1,1,1
PROFILES,ALL,31,-15,0.,15,0.
DISTRIBUTION,POLAR,1,1,0,0,0.,0.,-600.,1000.,290.
DISTRIBUTION,POLAR,1,2,0,0,0.,0.,600.,1000.,290.
REFERENCE,NEUTRAL-PHASE,1.
STRIP,6,120.
ENVIRO
WORKSPACE
SURFACEDEFINITIONMODE,BYBUNDLE
PARAMETERS
ATMOSPHERIC,0.0,760.0,25.0
METEO,HEAVYRAIN
CHARGES-DISTRIBUTION,-1,-1
SPACE-CHARGE,VOLTAGE,0.00013,0.00017,2.2E-12
RADIO-NOISE,0.5,1,0
METHOD,IREQ-DC
AUDIBLE-NOISE
METHOD,IREQ-DC
CORONA-LOSS
METHOD,IREQ-DC
ENDPROGRAM
Page B-2
Appendix B. Command Input Mode
Page B-3
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Appendix C. Extra Examples
APPENDIX C
EXTRA EXAMPLES
C.1 EXTRA EXAMPLE 1 THREE PHASE AC 500 KV DOUBLE-
CIRCUIT LINE
This example is a 500 kV double-circuit line as described in Ref. 3 in Appendix D. It is an existing line
constructed at a high altitude with known measured characteristics. Measurement of RI has been made
with a loop antenna at a distance of 22.9 meters from the centerline and at a height of 2 meters above
ground. The long term measured L5 value is 73 dB above 1 V/m (CISPR) at 0.5 MHz or a line voltage
of 530 kV. Figure C.1 shows a schematic diagram of this line. The system is made up of circuit 1 with
phases A1, B1 and C1, circuit 2 with phases A2, B2 and C2, and two neutrals, N1 and N2. The two circuits
are symmetrically distributed. The height of the phase conductors is 12.8 m for A1 and C2, 22.3 m for B1
and B2, and 31.8 m for C1 and A2. The two neutrals N1 and N2 are located at a height of 40 m. All heights
listed here are measured at mid-span. The sag of all conductors is 9 m. The separation between phases A1
and C2 is same as that between C1 and A2, namely 9.2 m. Phases B1 and B2 are separated by 15.2 m. The
two neutrals N1 and N2 are 3.7 m apart. Each bundle is composed of 3 conductors with the diameter of
4.07 cm. The diameter of the bundle is 0.527 m. The diameter of the neutrals is 2.05 cm.
The calculations are carried for both heavy rain and fair weather conditions. For heavy rain conditions,
the calculated RI at 0.5 MHz along a profile located at 2 m above ground is shown in Figure C.2 and
Figure C.3 for a rod antenna and a loop antenna, respectively.
The input file (.F05) of this example is shown in Printout C.1 in Appendix C. It can also be loaded under
the name TR_Double-Circuit AC530kV.F05 in the input folder as specified in Section 1.8.
3.7 m
N1 N2
8.2 m
9.2 m
C1 A2 3 x 40.7 mm
9.5 m
15.2 m
B1 B2
9.5 m
9.2 m
A1 C2
Loop Antenna
12.8 m 22.9 m
Page C-1
Appendix C. Extra Examples
Figure C.2 RI along a Profile at 2 m above the Ground for a Rod Antenna
Figure C.3 RI along a Profile at 2 m above the Ground for a Loop Antenna
Figure C.2 and Figure C.3 show that when the measurement is taken at 15 meters from the outer phase
(22.9 m on either side of the center), the difference between the rod and the loop antenna is 7.4 dB (81.3
dB 73.9 dB). At this point on the line, the ratio of the electric field to the magnetic field is not equal to
120, and therefore the standard conversion technique to compute electric field value cant be used. (This
technique usually involves adding 51.53 dB directly to the measured magnetic field value taken with the
loop antenna and expressing it in an equivalent electric field value). This also indicates that one must
clearly specify what type of antenna was used to take the readings.
Page C-2
Appendix C. Extra Examples
TRALIN
Printout C.1 TRALIN Input File for Extra Example 1 (TR_Double-Circuit AC530kV.f05)
Page C-3
Appendix C. Extra Examples
15 m 15 m
0.0292 m
45.0
1 2
m 3
18 m
21
21
0.
Page C-4
Appendix C. Extra Examples
TRALIN
Printout C.2 TRALIN Input File for Extra Example 2 (TR_Three-Pole Homopolar 750kV
HVDC Line.F05)
Page C-5
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Appendix D. Usefull References
APPENDIX D
USEFUL REFERENCES
1. P.S. Maruvada, Corona Performance of High Voltage Transmission Lines, Baldock, Hertfordshire, England:
Research Studies Press Ltd., 2000.
2. H. L. Hill, A. S. Capon, O. Ratz, P. E. Renner, and W. D. Schmit, Transmission Line Reference Book HVDC to
600 kV, Electric Power Research Institute, 3412 Hillview Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94304, 1976.
3. V. L. Chartier, L. Y. Lee, L. D. Dickson, K. E. Martin, Effect of High Altitude on High Voltage AC Transmission
Line Corona Phenomena, IEEE Trans., Vol. PWRD-2, No. 1, pp. 225-237, January 1987.
4. R.D. Dallaire, P.S. Maruvada, Analysis of Radio Interference from Short Multi Conductor Lines. Part 1.
Theoretical Analysis IEEE Trans., Vol. PAS-100, April 1981, pp.2100-2108.
5. Olsen R.G., Stimson, B.O., Predicting VHF/UHF electromagnetic noise from corona on power-line conductor
IEEE Trans. On Electromagnetic. Compatibility, EMC-30, pp.13-22, 1988.
6. R.G. Olsen, S.D. Schennum, V.L. Chartier, Comparison of Several Methods for Calculating Power Line
Electromagnetic Interference Levels and Calibration with Long-term Data, IEEE Trans., Vol. PWRD-7, No.2,
April 1992, pp.903-913.
7. Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), Transmission Line Reference Book. 345 kV and Above/Second
Edition, Palo Alto, CA, 1982
8. V.L. Chartier, Empirical Expressions for Calculating High Voltage Transmission Line Corona Phenomena,
First Annual Seminar Technical Program for Professional Engineers, Bonneville Power Administration (BPA),
1983.
9. IEEE Committee Report, Radio Noise Guide for High-Voltage Transmission Lines, IEEE Trans., Vol. PAS-
90, No.2, March/April 1971, pp.833-842.
10. C.H. Gary, The Theory of Excitation Function: A Demonstration of its Physical Meaning, IEEE Trans., Vol.
PAS-91, Jan/Feb 1972, pp.305-310.
11. S. Fortin, H. Zhao, J. Ma and F. P. Dawalibi, A New Approach to Calculate the Ionized Field of HVDC
Transmission Lines in the Space and on the Earth Surface, IEEE International Conference on Power System
Technology, Chongqing, China, October 22-26, 2006.
12. Zhao Huiliang, Fortin Simon, Ma Jinxi and F. P. Dawalibi, Electromagnetic Environmental Evaluation of HVDC
Transmission Lines, ICEE 2007, Hong Kong.
Page D-1
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Notes
NOTES