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Principles of Data Visualization

Narrative Visualization
 Creating Narrative Visualization
! You are building your own little documentary
! What evidence is the most appropriate?
! What evidence is the most persuasive?
! What is the best way to structure the narrative?

2
Visual Data Narrative
Charles Minard"
French Civil Engineer"
19th Century "

3
 Strategic Storytelling
Shaw, Brown, Bromiley"
Harvard Business Review "
May 1998"

Sequence of Events"

1. Set the Stage" 2. Introducing 3. Resolution"

Dramatic Conflict"

Defining the current What is the situation?" Logical concise arguments"

situation" What are the challenges?" Obstacles overcome"
Industry economics" Critical Issues?" Resolutions"
Key success factors" Obstacles to success?" "
Forces driving change" "
Relationships"
Tensions"
"
Cause and Effect Assumptions"

4
 Business Communication
! Who?
! What?
! When?
! Why?
! Where?

5
 Salary Impact on Performance

Ben Fry Visualizing Data

6
Nathan Yau Example p 3

7
Periscopic US Gun Deaths

www.guns.periscopic.com 8
Connected Scatterplot

NYT, Hannah Fairfield 9

 Connected Scatterplot

NYT, Hannah Fairfield - http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/

2012/09/17/science/driving-safety-in-fits-and-starts.html?_r=0 10
Isotype Example

11
 Visual Data Narrative Process

1. Audience" 2. Evidence" 3. Rhetorical" 4. Narrative"

Argument" Structure"

Judd$Bradbury$

12
 Structure of Narrative Visualization

Author-Driven" User-Driven"

Martini Glass"

Interactive Slide Show" Drill Down Story"

Descriptive" Exploratory"

Segel & Heer 13

 Audience Definition
Author Driven!

Shallow Shallow
Narrow! Broad!

Focused ! Broad!
Audience! Audience!
Deep Deep
Narrow! Broad!

User Driven!
Judd$Bradbury$

14
 Shallow Narrow
Key facts about

Industry
Organization
Project
Event

Limited amount of time

working in the data domain
CBRE$Animated$Infographics,$2014$$

15
 Shallow Broad
Wide Spectrum
of Interests

Limited amount of time

working in the data domain
New$York$Times$

16
 Deep Narrow
Focused group
interested in the
stock market

Extensive amount of time

working in the data domain
MarFn$WaHenberg$

17
 Deep Broad
Wide spectrum
of interests

Extensive amount of time

working in the data domain
Sele$City$Project,$Moritz$Stafaner$

18
 Evidence

Select evidence that

clearly describes new
insights"

19
 Rhetorical Arguments
Ethical" Logical" Emotional"
(ethos)" (logos)" (pathos)"

Presents an Presents a Presents an

ethical argument logical argument emotional
against wrongful against over argument about
conviction" eating" the bridge"

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 What is Narrative?
A series of events linked by cause and effect occurring in
time and space.
(David Bordwell)

Plot - A integrating dynamism that draws a unified and

complete story from a variety of incidents, in other
words, that transforms this variety into a unified and
complete story.
(Paul Ricouer)

21
Acts in a Play

100" Climax"

Intensity" Rising" Falling"

Time"

Beginning" Middle" End"

(exposition)" (conflict)" (resolution)"

Aristotle,$Freytag,$Bruce$Block$

22
 Structure Example
Set the Scene" Define the Challenge" Summarize the Insight"
" " "
Where are we? (space)" Frame the Business Objective" Method of Achievement"
What is the period? (time)" Create Tension" Relieve Tension"

Beginning" Middle" End"

23
 Narrative Frame Sequence
User Preference: Temporal > (Dimension | Measure) > Granularity"

2. Measure (2nd)"
Temporal"

1. Time (most preferred)"

Granularity"

3. General to Specific (3rd)"

Jessica$Hullman$$Univ.$Washington$

24
 Frame Based Model
1. Establisher" 2. Initial" 3. Peak" 4. Release"

Characters" Begins action" Goal of a path" Resolution"

Place In the world" Source of a path" Culmination of event" Outcome"
Setting" Departure" Termination of process" Reaction"
Passive State" Anticipation" Interruption" Return to passive"
Tension"

Neil$Cohn$U$UCSD$

25
Establisher

Characters are Refinery Locations"

"
Scene is in Texas and California"
"
Passive Geography"

26
Initial

Initiates Path of Risk Exploration"

"
Anticipation of Future Storm Impacts"

27
Peak

Hurricanes Impact Valero Refineries"

"
Severe Storms Impact Valero Refineries"

28
Peak

Hurricanes and Tsunami Impact Valero Refineries"

"
Severe Storms Impact Valero Refineries"

29
Release

Installation of GPS Tracking Devices"

"
Improve Communication with Government Agencies"

30
 Lumira Structures
Infographic Frame Editor"
Storyboard and Report Structures
removed in Version 1.27"
! Multiple visualization pages"
! Full editing of scales and titles"
! Ability to add text only pages"
! Ability to add images"
! Ability to add pictograms"
! Sort and filtering within pages"
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 Connect to Data
File%>%New%>%Add%new%dataset%
Select$the$type$of$dataset$to$connect$from$the$available$types$

Data%Source%Types:%
CSV$File$
SAP$HANA$
MS$Excel$
SQL$Query$
SAP$Business$Objects$Universe$
Hadoop$

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 Excel with Lumira
1. File%>%New%>%Add%new%dataset%%
2. Select%Microso=%Excel%
3. Browse%LocaCon%of%Excel%File%>%Next%

4.%%%Select%Create%

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Excel with Lumira (continued)

Once$the$connecFon$is$established,$the$data$source$
elds$are$displayed$on$the$le\$side$as$Measures$and$
Dimensions$$

Page 34
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 Prepare Data Views
The$data$from$the$data$set$can$be$seen$in$a$Grid$View$

The$data$can$be$seen$in$a$Facet$View$$$$$,$similar$records$are$grouped$together$and$the$
number$of$Occurrences$are$listed$next$to$each$group$$$$

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 Lumira Layout
Data%(Measures%&%Dimensions)$U$drag$elds$from$here$to$chart$builder$
Chart%Builder$$selecFon$pallet$for$visualizaFon$encoding$
Chart%Area$$canvas$where$visualizaFon$is$edited$and/or$displayed$
Toolbar$U$addiFonal$controls$for$data$rules,$ranking,$calculaFons,$and$refresh$

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 Create an Infographic
Click$on$Compose$and$select$New%Story%
Choose$story$structure%and$click$Create$

37
 Creating an Infographic
Set$the$Page$Size$as$Standard%(4:3)%for$an$Infographic$
Edit$the$Background%Color%&$Grid%properCes%by$accessing$Page%SeSngs%
Adding%an%image:$$Click$on$$$$$$$$icon$$>$Import$from$Local$
Drag$and$drop$the$Images$which$are$listed$in$Pictures$tab$on$the$le\$

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 Isotypes in Infographic
Drag$and$drop$Isotypes$from$the$Pictograms%tab%on$the$le\$
Fill$Color,$Line$Color,$and$hyperlinks$can$be$adjusted$in$the$properFes$

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 Charts in Infographic
Drag$and$drop$the$Graphs$which$are$listed$in$VisualizaCons%tab%on$the$le\$
Chart$Area,$Titles,$Legend,$and$Data$Labels$can$be$edited$in$properFes$

40
 Infographic Titles
Drag$and$drop$the$Titles$&$Texts$which$are$listed$in$Text%tab%on$the$le\$
Font,$Background$Color,$Alignment$can$be$adjusted$in$Text$ProperFes$

41
 Infographic Preview

Click$on$Preview$to$view$the$integrated$frame$

42
 Create a Slide Show Story
Click$on$Compose$and$select$New%Story%
Choose$Slide$Show$structure%and$click$Create$

43
 Create a Story Slide
Set$the$Page$Size$as$Widescreen%(16:9)%in$Page$Secngs$
Drag$and$drop$visualizaFons$from$the$tray$on$the$le\$
Adjust$Chart$Area,$Titles,$Legend,$and$Axis$as$appropriate$

44
 Enhancing the Frames
Add$a$Title$to$the$page$and$rename$it$to$your$Insight$
Edit$Font,$Background$Color,$Alignment,$and$lists$in$the$ProperFes$

45
 Preview the Story
Click$on$Preview%to$view$the$story$with$visualizaFon$and$enhancements$

46
 Layout a Report
Click$on$Compose$and$select$New%Story%
Choose$Standard$or$Detail$structure%and$click$Create$

47
 Format the Report
Set$the$Page$Size$as$ConCnuous%Scrolling%for$a$Report$in$Page$Secngs$
Drag$and$drop$the$Title$on$top$of$the$page$which$is$listed$in$the$Texts$tray$
Rename$the$Ftle$of$the$report$for$your$subject$and$edit$the$font,$alignment,$etc$

48
 Add Visualization to the Report
Drag$and$drop$visualizaFons$to$dierent$secFons$of$the$page$
Edit$the$Chart%Area,%Chart%Title,%Legend,%Horizontal%Axis,%VerCcal%Axis%etc.$by$
accessing$VisualizaCon%ProperCes%on$the$right$$

49
 Add Text to the Report
Drag$and$drop$the$Simple%Texts%which$are$listed$in$the$Texts%tray$
Edit$the$Font,%Background%Color,%Alignment,%Lists,%Hyperlinks%by$accessing$Text%
ProperCes%on$the$right$

50
 Preview the Report
Click$on$Preview%to$view$the$page$in$the$story$with$the$Graphs$and$Texts$included$

51
 Visualization Properties
VisualizaCon%ProperCes/Page%SeSngs%are$used$to$edit$the$Chart$Ftle$font,$
Horizontal/VerFcal$axis,$Horizontal/$VerFcal$axis$Ftle$font,$Legend,$Data$Labels,$
Chart$Area$Color$etc.$

52
 Input Controls
Input%Controls%act$as$lters$for$a$parFcular$page$in$a$story.$
A$series$of$Input%Controls%provide$a$hierarchy$of$ltering.$
The$Input$Control$can$be$visible$in$the$page$area$

53
 Summary
! Select the Media Appropriate for the Audience
! Create Visualizations as Evidence
! Choose the best Rhetorical Argument
! Structure your story in a meaningful way

54
 Saving Lumira Files
To%save%the%le%to%a%Local%machine%
%
1. Click$on$File$>$Save$
2. Type$the$name$of$the$le$$
3. Provide$a$descripFon$(opFonal)$
4. The$le$will$be$saved$in$the$Documents$folder$in$the$local$machine$

To%save%the%le%to%SAP%Lumira%Cloud%
%
1. Click$on$File$>$Save$
2. Select$SAP$Lumira$Cloud$
3. Login$to$SAP$Lumira$Cloud$and$Save$the$le$
4. If$not$a$user,$create$a$SAP$Lumira$Cloud$account$and$save$the$le$

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 Sharing Data Sets
To%export%Data%set%in%Excel%or%CSV%format%
1. Select$the$Data$Set$
2. Click$on$Export%as%File%
3. Select$the$necessary$opFons$among$the$following:$Export$with$lters,$export$
hidden$dimensions,$export$hidden$dimensions$from$dataset$enrichment$
4. Click$on$Export%
5. Provide$the$Name$and$LocaFon$of$the$le.$Select$the$le$type.$
To%share%Data%set%in%SAP%Lumira%Cloud%
1. Select$the$Data$Set$
2. Click$on$Publish%to%SAP%Lumira%Cloud%
3. Select$SAP$Lumira$Cloud.$Provide$username$and$password,$click$Next$to$Share$
4. If$not$a$user,$create$a$SAP$Lumira$Cloud$account$to$share$the$Data$Set$
To%share%Data%set%in%SAP%Lumira%Server%%
1. Select$the$Data$Set$
2. Click$on$Publish%to%SAP%Lumira%Server%
3. Select$SAP$Lumira$Server.$Provide$username$and$password$and$click$Next$to$
Share$

56
 Sharing a Lumira Story
To%export%the%Story%in%a%pdf%format%
1. Click$on$Share$and$click$on$Stories%
2. Select$the$story$to$be$shared.$Click$on$Export%as%File.$
3. Select$the$appropriate$opFons$in$pages$and$data$set$lters.$Click$on$Export%
4. Provide$a$le$name$and$desFnaFon$and$click$on$Save%

To%share%the%Story%in%SAP%Lumira%Cloud%
1. Click$on$Share$and$select$the$Story$
2. Click$on$Publish%to%SAP%Lumira%Cloud%
3. Login$to$SAP$Lumira$Cloud$and$share$the$story$
4. If$not$a$user,$create$a$SAP$Lumira$Cloud$account$and$share$the$story$

To%share%the%Story%in%SAP%Lumira%Server%
1. Click$on$Share$and$select$the$Story$
2. Click$on$Publish%to%SAP%Lumira%Server%
3. Select$SAP$Lumira$Server.$Provide$username$and$password$and$click$Next$to$
Share%

57
 Sharing Lumira Visualizations
To%send%a%VisualizaCon%via%email%
1. Click$on$Share$and$click$on$VisualizaCons%
2. Select$the$VisualizaFon$to$be$shared.$Click$on$Send%by%email.$
3. Choose$an$export$size.$

To%print%a%VisualizaCon%
1. Click$on$Share$and$click$on$VisualizaCons%
2. Select$the$VisualizaFon$to$be$shared.$Click$on$Print%VisualizaCon.$
3. Provide$print$details$and$click$on$Print.%

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