Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
html>
*Definition*
*Synonyms*
/Justicia latebrosa/ Russ., /J. paniculata/ Burm. f., /J. stricta/ Lam.
ex Steud. (/3/, /4/).
*Geographical distribution*
*Description*
*/General appearance/*
*/Organoleptic properties/*
Odour: slight, characteristic; taste: intensely bitter (/1-3/, /9/).
*/Microscopic characteristics/*
*Purity tests*
*/Microbiological/*
*/Chemical/*
*/Water-soluble extractive/*
*/Alcohol-soluble extractive/*
*/Loss on drying/*
*/Pesticide residues/*
The recommended maximum limit of aldrin and dieldrin is not more than
0.05 mg/kg (/13/). For other pesticides, see the /European
pharmacopoeia/ (/13/), and the WHO guidelines on quality control methods
for medicinal plants (/12/) and pesticide residues (/14/).
*/Heavy metals/*
For maximum limits and analysis of heavy metals, consult the WHO
guidelines on quality control methods for medicinal plants (/12/).
*/Radioactive residues/*
*Chemical assays*
andrographolide R = H
neoandrographolide R = H
andrographiside R = Glc
andropanoside R = OH
*Medicinal uses*
*Pharmacology*
*Experimental pharmacology*
*/Antibacterial activity/*
*Immunostimulatory activity*
*Antipyretic activity*
*Antidiarrhoeal activity*
*Anti-inflammatory activity*
*Antimalarial activity*
A 50% ethanol extract of the aerial parts inhibited the growth of
/Plasmodium berghei/ both in vitro (100 mg/ml) and in mice after
intragastric administration (1 g/kg body weight) (/42/). Intragastric
administration of a 1-butanol, chloroform or ethanol-water extract of
the aerial parts to /Mastomys natalensis/ inhibited the growth of /P.
berghei/ at doses of 1-2 g/kg body weight (/43/). Andrographolide (5
mg/kg body weight) and neoandrographolide (2.5mg/kg body weight) were
also effective when administered by gastric lavage (/43/).
*Antivenom activity*
*Antihepatotoxic activity*
*/Clinical pharmacology/*
*Urinary infections*
*Dysentery*
The aerial parts have been used for the treatment of acute bacillary
dysentery and enteritis (/2/, /6/, /22/, /23/). In clinical studies, the
combination of andrographolide and neoandrographolide was reported to be
more effective than either furazolidine or chloramphenicol in the
treatment of bacillary dysentery (/6/). A randomized, double-blind
clinical study of 200 patients compared the efficacy of the powdered
aerial parts with tetracycline in the treatment of acute diarrhoea and
bacillary dysentery (/22/, /23/). Patients received capsules of either
the aerial parts or tetracycline (both 500 mg, four times daily) for 3
days. Compared with tetracycline, the aerial parts decreased the
diarrhoea (both the frequency and amount of discharge) (/22/).
Furthermore, the aerial parts were more effective in treating diarrhoea
resulting from shigellosis than from cholera (/22/).
*Infectious hepatitis*
*Contraindications*
*Warnings*
*Precautions*
*/Drug interactions/*
Herba Andrographidis extracts are not mutagenic in vitro (/57/) and have
antimutagenic activity (/58/). A standardized extract of /A. paniculata/
did not produce reproductive toxicity in male rats after 60 days of
intragastric administration of 20-1000mg/kg body weight daily (/59/).
See Contraindications.
*/Nursing mothers/*
See Contraindications.
*/Other precautions/*
*Adverse reactions*
*Dosage forms*
Crude drug, capsules, tablets and pills (/1/, /2/, /6/). Store in a
well-closed container, protected from light and moisture.
*Posology*
For pyrexia: a decoction from 3 g crude drug, twice daily (/1/, /5/).
For the common cold: 1.5-3.0 g powdered crude drug three times daily,
after meals and at bedtime (/1/). For diarrhoea: a decoction from 3-9 g
crude drug as a single dose as needed (/1/, /5/), or two tablets of 500
mg four times daily, after meals and at bedtime (/5/).
*References*
4. Hooker JD, Jackson BD. /Index Kewensi/s. /Vol. 1/. Oxford, Clarendon
Press, 1895.
17. Hancke J et al. A double-blind study with a new monodrug kan jang:
decrease of symptoms and improvement in the recovery from common colds/.
Phytotherap/y /Research/, 1995, 9:559-562.
26. Singh VK, Ali ZA. Folk medicines in primary health care: common
plants used for the treatment of fevers in India/. Fitoterapia/, 1994,
65:68-74.
*
o
o
Aa
Sans-serif
Aa
Serif
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Aa
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Light
Dark
Sepia
*
*
*