What causes high tide and low tide and why?

The high and low tide are caused by the gravitational forces between the earth
and the moon. However, the source of the real effect takes some explaining to
grasp. The incorrect way of thinking is that the moon attracts all the water to
itself, therefore causing a high tide on the side of earth close to the moon, and a
low tide on the side far from the moon. However, if this was the case, there would
be a high tide once per day. But there are TWO high tides a day. The reason is,
the part of the earth both AWAY from the moon, and CLOSE to the moon BOTH
get high tides...

Now we need to explain why this is so. The earth and moon rotate around each
other, each pulling the other towards itself. The moon attracts every piece of
matter on earth. Since gravity is inversely proportional to the square of the
distance, this force is greater on the side of the earth closer to the moon, and
lesser on the side of the earth further from the moon. Since the earth is quite a
rigid object, this difference in forces fails to deform the earth (much). However, it
succeeds quite well in deforming the oceans -- which are not as rigid. Since the
waters on the moon side are attracted more strongly than average, they tend to
bulge TOWARDS the moon, hence causing a high tide. The waters on the
opposite side of the moon, since they are attracted less strongly than average,
tend to 'lag behind' the rigid earth, and bulge AWAY from the moon, which in this
case, is also AWAY from the earth, again, causing a high tide. Low tide occurs at
about right angles to the moon, where the force on the waters match the average
pull of the moon on the earth closely.

The question that usually follows this is, why doesn't the sun cause any tides
(comparable to that of the moon) although its pull on the earth is larger? The
answer is, although the gravitational pull of the sun on the earth is larger than
that of the moon, due to the much greater distance, the force changes very little
from one end of the earth to the other. Since it is the difference in the force than
the average magnitude of the force that matters for creating tides, the net effect
is much less than that for the moon.
Emphathy is Actually A choice

ONE death is a tragedy. One million is a statistic.

Youve probably heard this saying before. It is thought to capture an unfortunate

truth about empathy: While a single crying child or injured puppy tugs at our
heartstrings, large numbers of suffering people, as in epidemics, earthquakes
and genocides, do not inspire a comparable reaction.

Studies have repeatedly confirmed this. Its a troubling finding because,

as recentresearch has demonstrated, many of us believe that if more lives are at
stake, we will and should feel more empathy (i.e., vicariously share others
experiences) and do more to help.

Not only does empathy seem to fail when it is needed most, but it also appears to
play favorites. Recent studies have shown that our empathy is dampened or
constrained when it comes to people of different races, nationalities or creeds.
These results suggest that empathy is a limited resource, like a fossil fuel, which
we cannot extend indefinitely or to everyone.

What, then, is the relationship between empathy and morality? Traditionally,

empathy has been seen as a force for moral good, motivating virtuous deeds.
Yet a growing chorus of critics, inspired by findings like those above, depict
empathy as a source of moral failure. In the words of the psychologist Paul
Bloom, empathy is a parochial, narrow-minded emotion one that will have to
yield to reason if humanity is to survive.

We disagree.

While we concede that the exercise of empathy is, in practice, often far too
limited in scope, we dispute the idea that this shortcoming is inherent, a
permanent flaw in the emotion itself. Inspired by a competing body of recent
research, we believe that empathy is a choice that we make whether to extend
ourselves to others. The limits to our empathy are merely apparent, and can
change, sometimes drastically, depending on what we want to feel.