Delhi Metro Rail Project

Urban Transportation in Delhi

A Brief Description and Salient Features

Description

As cities grow in size, the number of vehicular trips on road system goes up. This necessitates a
pragmatic policy shift to discourage private modes and encourage public transport once the level
of traffic along any travel corridor in one direction exceeds 20,000 persons per hour.

National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCTD), with an area of 1486 km2 has a population of about
15 million. Buses are the sole mode of public transport in the NCTD, which are inadequate and
overcrowded. For want of an efficient mass transport system, the number of motor vehicles is
around 4 million. The result is extreme congestion on Delhi roads, ever slowing speeds, increase
in road accidents (5 persons killed and 13 injured everyday), fuel wastage and environmental
pollution with motorized vehicles alone contributing to about two thirds of the atmospheric
pollution.

The mixed traffic in the city has resulted in road accidents, killing 5 persons and injuring 13
persons a day on an average. The situation is expected to deteriorate further in the years to
come.

It was in 1970 when the Central Road Research Institute (CRRI) after an exhaustive study on
traffic and travel characteristics of Delhi recommended a Mass Rapid Transit Network for the city.
Since then a number of studies on the subject have been carried out like the Metropolitan
Transport Team (MTT) of the Indian Railways, Delhi Development Authority (DDA) and the Study
Group of the Ministry of Railways. Feasibility Report on Integrated Multi Modal Mass Rapid
Transport System of Delhi (IMMRTS) prepared by RITES (Rail India Technical & Economic
Services) recommended the 3-component system comprising Rail Corridors, Metro Corridors and
Dedicated Bus Way totaling 198.50 km to meet the projected traffic demand up to the year 2021.

Implementation started when the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Ltd. under the Companies Act,
1956 was set up in May 1995. Physical work on the project started on October 1, 1998.

The project is being implemented in Phases I, II. III & IV. for a sketch map of Delhi Metro Rail.

Phase I, now under execution comprises of 65.11 km of route length with 13.07 km
underground and 47.54 km elevated rail and 4.56 surface rail with 59 stations. It consists of 3
lines as follows.

Line 1: 22.06 km Shahdara-Tri Nagar-Rithala Line with 18 stations (Partly Elevated,

Partly Surface)
Line 2: 10.84 km Vishwa Vidyalaya-Central Secretariat Line with 10 stations
(Underground)
Line 3: 22.90 km Barakhamba Road-Connaught Place-Dwaraka Line with 22 stations
(Partly Underground/Partly Elevated)

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The following extensions are proposed which are yet to be approved.

1.Proposed Line 1 Extension 6 km Rithala-Barwala (Partly Elevated, Partly Surface)

2.Proposed Line 2 Extension: 4 km Vishwa Vidyalaya-New Azadpur (Elevated)
3.Proposed Line 3 Extension: 4 km Barakhamba Road-Indraprastha Estate
4.Proposed Line 3 Extension: 6.5 km Dwaraka- Dwaraka Subcity Extension

Phase II: The detailed project report is under preparation. RITES will prepare the DPR, which will
take about two years time. Full-fledged work will begin by January 2005 and is expected to be
completed by March 2010.

Phase II is 42 km long will be essentially extensions to Line 1, Line 2 and Line 3 of Phase I either
in one or both directions. It comprises the following.

Vishwa Vidyalaya-Jahangirpuri (6.59 km)

Central Secretariat - Qutab Minar (10.97 km)
Indraprastha- NOIDA City Centre (16.2 km)

There will be 7 stations between Vishwa Vidyalaya-New Azadpur to Sanjay Gandhi Transport
Nagar, 18 stations in the Central Secretariat-Vasant Kunj section and 12 stations in the
Barakhamba Road-Noida

Phases I, II, III, and IV are part of a master plan, which includes
244.86 km of high capacity rail transit, scheduled to be completed by
2021. The final planned capacity of the system is expected to be over
3.2 million passengers a day. At peak hours, trains will run every 3
minutes.

Construction Technology, Metro Rail Coach Technology, Electrical Power System Technology,
Signaling & Telecommunication Technologies, Air-conditioning & Lighting Technologies are the
main technologies used in the Delhi Metro Rail Project. In addition, Smart Card Tickets are being
used for entry into stations and trains.

The capital cost of phase I has been estimated as Rs.10, 571 crores. The II Phase is expected to
cost Rs. 8, 000 crores.

The project is financed as follows.

1. 15% investment by the Government of India

2. 15% investment by GNCTD
3 56% Loan from JBIC (Japan Bank for International
Cooperation)
4. Remaining 8% from Interest -free Loans for land
acquisition and 6% from Property Development,

Metro Project gets import duty and excise tax exemption from GOI on equipment for the project
and sales tax and work contract tax exemption from GNCTD - all of which amounts to about Rs.
1800 crores.

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 Sketch Map of Delhi Metro Rail-Phase I & II (not to scale and alignment)

Figure 2: Delhi Metro Stations - I Phase (Lines not to scale and alignment)

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 Delhi Metro Map

The unique feature of Delhi Metro is its integration with other modes of public transport, enabling
the commuters to conveniently interchange from one mode to another.

The corridor will have an ultimate carrying capacity of 60,000 commuters per peak hour per
direction. The interchange of commuters between the metro corridor and rail corridor will be at
Kashmere Gate.

Part II

5. Executive Summary

The National Capital Territory of Delhi with a population of around 14 million has a vehicle
population of around 4 million. Bus travel is the predominant mass transportation system in Delhi.
This has resulted in increasing traffic congestion, increasing road accidents and increasing air
pollution.

Though a number of studies were carried out and recommendations made to solve the mass
transportation problem of Delhi, it was only in 1998 that the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation was
formed with equal equity participation of the Government of India and Government of the Capital
Territory of Delhi to plan, execute, operate and ma intain the Delhi Metro.

The Delhi Metro Rail Project is being planned and executed in four phases - Phase I, Phase II,
Phase III and Phase IV.

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Currently Phase I is under implementation. It consists of 3 lines - Line 1, Line 2 and Line 3. Line 1
is partly elevated rail and partly surface rail. Line 2 is underground metro. Line 3 is partly
underground and partly elevated rail.

Line is completed and is operational. Phase I is scheduled for completion by 2005, Phase II by
2010, Phase III by 2015 and Phase IV by 2020.

The project requires the deployment of several technologies - Constructional Technology, Rail
Coach Technology, Power Systems Technology, Rail Communication and Control Technology,
Microprocessor Controlled Smart Card Technology. Underground tunnel construction involves
considerable risks due to uncertain geological conditions.

The project is executed with the help of both local and international contractors who are
contracted to design and build the facility. An International Consortium of Consultants oversees
the work.

Japan Bank for International Cooperation is extending loan to the project to the extent of 56%
project cost. Government of India, Ministry of Urban Development and the Government of the
National Capital Territory of Delhi are each investing 15% of the project cost. The remaining is
met through interest-free loans and property development. The operation and maintenance costs
are essentially met by ticket sales.

People of Delhi are generally satisfied with the services offered by DMRC and are proud of
experiencing one of the most modern, sophisticated and world-class technological systems.

Other cities in India and abroad have shown interest in having metros through DMRC's services.

6. Contributors and References

Key Architects

The Central Road Research Institute (CRRI), New Delhi

Metropolitan Transport Team (MTT) of the Indian Railways
Delhi Development Authority (DDA)
The Study Group of the Ministry of Railways
RITES (Rail India Technical & Economic Services)
Mr. E. Sreedharan, Managing Director, DMRC

.Implementers/ Stakeholders

The Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Ltd. (DMRC)

Ministry of Railways and Ministry of Urban Affairs, Government of India
Government of the National Capital Territory of Delhi (GNCTD)
Delhi Transport Corporation (DTC)
Governments of Uttar Pradesh & Haryana (At a later date) q General Consultants (A
consortium of Indian and Overseas Consulting Firms)
The consortium comprising ROTEM (formerly KOROS), Mitsubishi Corporation, and
Mitsubishi Electric Corporation - manufacturers of Rolling Stock
Bharath Earth Movers Limited (BEML), the Indian Coach Builders
KSHI JV, a consortium of builders for open cut works with Maunsell, Australia engaged as
the lead design consultant

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 IMCC, a consortium of builders for underground works with Mott MacDonald, UK as the
lead design consultant
The Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC)
The citizens of Delhi (Those who pay and use the Metro and those who are indirectly
benefited)

Documenting

Authors DMRC, the General Consultants, the Design Consultants DMRC's website has 2 sections-
one for commuters and one on corporate information. In addition, regular e-Newsletters
containing project update are webcast by DMRC. The Fan Club hosts a number of e-mails from
those using and are interested in Metro are also webcast
(http://irfca.org/users/delhimetro/news/jul12-2003.htm).

Sources/ References

http://www.delhimetrorail.com/corporates/projectupdate/phase1_network .html
http://www.delhimetrorail.com/corporates/needfor_mrts.html
http://www.delhimetrorail.com/corporates/history.html
http://www.delhimetrorail.com/corporates/projectupdate/project_cost.html .
http://www.delhimetrorail.com/corporates/projectupdate/expected_ridership.html
http://www.delhimetrorail.com/corporates/projectupdate/present_status.html
http://www.delhimetrorail.com/corporates/projectupdate/training_school.html
http://www.delhimetrorail.com/corporates/projectupdate/world_class.html
http://www.delhimetrorail.com/corporates/about_us.html
http://www.delhimetrorail.com/corporates/technicalnotes/tn_signalling.html
http://www.delhimetrorail.com/corporates/technicalnotes/tn_telecom.html
http://www.delhimetrorail.com/corporates/technicalnotes/tn_electrical.html
http://www.delhimetrorail.com/corporates/technicalnotes/tn_civil.html
http://www.delhimetrorail.com/corporates/ecofriendly.html
http://www.delhimetrorail.com/corporates/ecofriendly/ohsas18001.html
http://www.delhimetrorail.com/corporates/ecofriendly/iso14001.html
http://www.delhimetrorail.com/corporates/ecofriendly/mrts_ecofriendly.html
http://www.delhimetrorail.com/corporates/vigilance/vigilance_home.html
http://www.delhimetrorail.com/corporates/inthe_news.asp
http://www.urbanrail.net/as/delh/delhi-planned.jpg
http://www.mjconstruct.com/tunnel/archive/2002/august/delhimetro0802.pdf
http://www.mjconstruct.com/tunnel/archive/2002/october/panorama1002.pdf
http://irfca.org/users/delhimetro/news/aug18.pdf
http://www.rites.com/projct.htm
http://www.jbic.go.jp/autocontents/english/news/2002/000005/appendix.htm
http://www.skanska.com/files/documents/pdf/sustain_report_02_eng.pdf
http://irfca.org/faq/faq-metro.html
http://www.rediff.com/money/2002/sep/07metro.htm
http://www.ddadelhi.com/planning/traffic_transportation_features.htm

Organization

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 Organization Chart

A company named DELHI METRO RAIL CORPORATION (DMRC) was registered on 03- 05-95 under
the Companies Act, 1956 to implement and operate Delhi MRTS. The government-owned DMRC
has equal equity participation from GOI (Government of India) and GNCTD (Government of the
National Capital Territory of Delhi). DMRC, not falling within the category of a Public Sector
Undertaking, is vested with greater autonomy and powers to execute this gigantic project
involving many technical complexities, under difficult urban environment and within a very limited
time frame. DMRC is the client for the construction works and the owner and operator of the
system.

The mission is to:

Make the first phase of the MRTS fully operational by March 2005.
Complete the project within the estimated cost (except for inflation).
Make it a world class Metro promoting dignity and discipline in the city.

Out of 13 directors, 5 are nominees of GOI and 5 are nominees of NCTD including its Managing
Director.

A Vigilance Unit handles all vigilance matters of the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation. A new law
enforcement body, the Delhi Metro Police, has been set up especially to deal with law and order
issues on the metro.

Location

The corporate office of the company is located at III Floor, East Tower, NBCC Place, Pragati Vihar,
Bhishma Pitahmah Marg, New Delhi-110003 (E- mail: anuj@delhimetrorail.com)

7. Project Design

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Key Objectives -

The main objective of the project is to improve Delhi's urban environment by reducing traffic
congestion and pollution. The Project is expected to help reduce traffic congestion, exhaust
emissions, and other types of urban pollution caused by motor vehicles, and to play a large role in
improving Delhi's transit system.

Outcomes-

Out of 271.45 ha of land required for the project, 237.062 ha has already been acquired.
Line 1 Shahadra- Rithala is currently operational. A punctuality of 6 minutes is being
maintained at present during peak hours. This interval would gradually be reduced to 3
minutes when adequate traffic builds up.
Train-sets of four coaches in rake have been put into service. They run at intervals of 8 to
10 minutes from 6 a.m. to 10 p.m. The maximum speed of the Metro is 80 km/h with an
average stoppage time of 20 seconds at each station.
Delhi Mass Rapid Transit System is essentially a „social sector‟ project, whose benefits will
pervade over wide sections of the economy. I phase will generate the following benefits to
the city.

21.82 lakhs commuter trips per day will be siphoned off the roads. This would mean:

2,600 less buses on the roads. q Increasing in average speed of buses from 10.5 km/h to
14 km/h.
Metro will reduce journey time by 50 to 75 percent.
Saving of 2 million man-hours per day due to reduced journey time.
Saving in fuel cost worth Rs. 5 billion per year
Space saving- The metro can carry traffic as 9 lanes of buses / 33 lanes of motor cars
(either way)
Delhi will experience a net benefit of Rs. 437.23 lacks per day. q More comfortable & safe
travel for the commuters
Reduction in atmospheric pollution levels by 50%.
Reduction in accident rates. q Improvement in the Quality of life. -

8. Methodology

Construction Type:

Line 1 Shahadra- Rithala Partly elevated & partly surface

Line 2 Vishwa Vidyalaya-Central Secretariat Underground
Line 3 Barakhamba Road- Dwaraka Partly underground & partly elevated

Execution Stages :

Line 1 has been executed in three stages as follows.

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 Stage I 7.92 km Shahdara – Tis Hazari Commissioned on 24/12/2002
Stage II 4.74 km Tis Hazari – Inderlok Commissioned on 03/10/2003 4 .
Stage III 9.40 km Inder Lok – Rithala Commissioned on 31/03/2004

Line 2 will be executed as follows.

Vishwa Vidyalaya - ISBT (Kashmere Gate) (North-South) - 4.0 km

ISBT (Kashmere Gate) - Central Secretariat (North-South) - 7.0 km
Vishwa Vidyalaya - New Azadpur (North South) - 4.0 km (under consideration)

Line 3 will be executed as follows.

Barakhamba Road - Kirti Nagar (East-West) - 7.2 km

Kirti Nagar - Dwarka (East-West) - 16 km
Dwarka Subcity Extension (East-West) - 6.5 km (schedule yet to be decided)
Barakhamba Road – I.P.Estate (East West) - 4.0 km (under consideration)

Execution Method :

The funding agreement stipulates that:

The project be reviewed and supervised by an international general consultant;

Line 2 contracts be open to international bidding;
Construction be procured under design-build contracts to control cost and save time.

To comply with the first funding requirement, the consulting engineering joint venture of Pacific
Consultants International (PCI) of Japan (leader), Parsons Brinckerhoff International (US), Japan
Railway Technical Services, Tonichi Engineering Consultants (Japan), and the Rail India Technical
and Economic Services (RITES) was appointed General Consultant in September 1998. Prior to
that, RITES, the engineering company owned by Indian Railways, had managed development of
the metro.

9. Major Contracts

Local Competitive Bidding, International Competitive Bidding and Progressive Indigenization are
the modes used for contracting work.

9.1.Local Competitive Bidding

Design and construction of surface and elevated Lines 1 and 3 are packaged for contracting on
design-bid-build basis through local competitive bidding.

9.2.International Competitive Bidding

Line 2 with its more challenging underground alignment and tight construction schedule is being
procured through two large internationally tendered designbuild contracts. Following a
competitively contested tender that required a rebid process in efforts to lower contract price
estimates, the two design-build contracts were awarded in February 2001.

The 50-month contract for the 4km-long open-cut section from Vishwa Vidyalaya to the Interstate
Bus Terminal (ISBT) station was awarded for a tender value of Rs. 900 crores to:

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KSHI JV comprising Kumagai Gumi (Japan – leader), Skanska (Sweden), Hindustan Construction
(India), and Itochu Corporation (Japan), and with Maunsell, Australia engaged as the lead design
consultant

The scheduled 60-month contract for the 7km-long, mainly bored tunnel section from the ISBT
station to Central Secretariat, with five open-cut stations and an NATM mined station at Chawri
Bazaar, was awarded for Rs. 1700 crores to:

International Metro Civil Contractors (IMCC) comprising Dyckerhoff & Widmann (Germany –
leader), Shimizu Corporation (Japan), Larsen & Toubro (India), Samsung (Korea), IRCON
International (India) and with lead design consultant Mott MacDonald, UK.

The construction methodology for the underground Corridor was finalized after taking into
account the availability of open space above the alignment, ground conditions, conditions of
nearby existing structures and likely settlement in the vicinity.

In addition to the civil works, design for the design-build contracts also includes station m & e
services, ventilation, air conditioning, lighting, station finishes, landscaping, and the provisions for
the fitting of platform edge doors at a later date.

Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC) has awarded a contract to Alcatel TAS the design,
installation and commissioning of the full Integrated Rail Communication system for the metro.

9.3.Indigenization

DMRC is procuring 240 coaches of which 60 (4 trains) are manufactured in ROTEM, Korea. BEML
Bangalore will manufacture the other 180 coaches (45 trains). Starting with the local assembly
and testing of a few trains, BEML will manufacture the coach shell, traction motor, converter-
inverter unit, battery, passenger announcement and information system, air-conditioning units
and seats. This will help in acquiring capability and avoiding import of trains for the forthcoming
metro projects in Bangalore, Ahmedabad, Mumbai and Hyderabad. -

10. Time Frame

The project report stipulated implementation of the project within 10 years from 01/04/1995 to
31/03/2005. As mo re than 3 years had elapsed by the time DMRC started functioning, the
implementation period for the I phase was compressed to 7 years starting from 01/04/1998 to
31/03/2005. II Phase is scheduled to begin in 2005 & end in 2010. The time frame for Phases I &
II is shown in Table 1 and for Phases III & IV is shown in Table 2.

Line/ Section Time Frame 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Phase I -
Starting 1998 Line 1 - Stage 1 7.92 km Shahadra-Tis Hazari 12 Line 1 - Stage 2 4.74 km Tis
Hazari-Inder Lok 10 Line 1 - Stage 3 9.40 km Inder Lok-Rithala 3 Line 2 - Stage 1 3.94 km
Vishwavidyalaya-Kashmere Gate 12 Line 2 - Stage 1 6.89 km Kashmere Gate-Central Secretariat
6 Line 3 - Barakhamba Road - Kirti Nagar 7.20 km 6 Line 3 - 16.00 km Kirti Nagar - Dwarka 9
Phase II - Starting 2005 Line 1A-6.1 km Rithala - Barwala Line 2A-8.6 km Vishwa Vidyalaya -
New Azadpur - S G Transport Nagar Line 2B-18.2 km Central Secretariat - AIIMS - Vasant Kunj
Line 3A-6.5 km Dwaraka Subcity Extension Line 3B-15.3 km Barakhamba Road - Mayur Vihar -
NOIDA Table 1: Time frame for the Delhi Metro Rail Project (Phase I & II) - 15 - Line/ Section
Time Frame 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Phase III - Starting 2011
Line 1A - 5 km Barwala-Bawana Line 4 - 11.5 km Vasant Kunj-IGI Airport- Dwaraka Sector 9 Line

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5 - 34 km Jahangirpuri-Raja Garden- AIIMS-Okhla Line 6 - 13.7 km Yamuna Depot-Dilshad
Nagar-Nandnagri Phase IV - Starting 2016 Line 7-24 km Jahangirpuri-Peeragarhi- Vikaspuri-
Sagarpur Line 8-34 km Dwaraka-Khanjawala- Bawana-Narela Line 9-12 km Andheria Bagh-IFFCO
Chowk Table 2: Time Frame for the Delhi Metro Rail Project (Phase III & IV)

Part III

Technology

10.1. Construction Technology

Subways

2 subways near Welcome and Seelampur Metro Station have been constructed to enable people
staying near the existing railway tracks, on the Shahdara- Delhi Main line, to cross the tracks
safely through box tunnels. The 3 meters high, 6 meters horizontal and 30 meters long boxes
were inserted below the existing Northern Railway tracks without disturbing the train movement
of Northern Railway. This astonishing feat was achieved in a record number of 22 days.

Yamuna Bridge

The state of the art 553 meters long continuous, single pre stressed box girder, for two tracks
across the river Yamuna, was completed on 2nd Feb, 2001 in a period of just 30 months by using
a special technique called “Incremental Launching”. This construction technique is ideal for busy
cities because it allows construction without any major disruption of traffic. Since sections
advance the bridge, unlike conventionally built bridges, there are no joints and this has also
ensured a smooth, bump free journey for commuters. -

Line 2 Underground Metro

Figure 5: Metro Stations Metro Stations would generally be located 12.85 meters below ground
level except Chawri Bazaar Station which lies below 2 to 3 stories high buildings and therefore will
be located at 20 meter below ground level.

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Out of the 10 stations, 9 are being constructed with the ' cut-and-cover' method in areas close to
surface and the tenth namely Chawri Bazaar, is being constructed by combining the ' cut-and-
cover' and underground tunneling.

Out of the tot al 10.84 km, approximately 4 km of twin bore tunnel from Kashmere Gate to Patel
Chowk is being constructed using Tunnel Boring Machines (TBM), because in most of the area the
land cannot be occupied on the surface to facilitate construction by cut and cover method.

An EPBM being assembled at Patel Chowk Station

The bored tunnel construction for the metro corridor involves tunneling through both, rock and
soft ground, and so two types of TBMs are used - Rock TBMs for the rock and Earth Pressure
Balancing Machines (EPBM) for soft soils (Figure 3).

TBM- 70 to 80 meters in length, weighing 400 to 500 tonnes and 6.2 meter in radius moves at a
slow pace of 10 to 15 meters per day. TBMs, which are - 17 - internally air-conditioned, take care
of all the vibrations, which can create disturbances in buildings above the surface.

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 EPBM & TBM being assembled at Patel Chowk Station Box

IMCC is using -

3 Herrenknecht Tunnel Boring Machines

2 Earth-Pressure Balance (EPB) machines (Used in Bangkok and refurbished in Gwalior
Workshop under Herrenknecht Supervision)
A new hard-rock shielded machine built in Germany and delivered to Delhi in January
2002.
The 5.7m I.D. tunnels are lined with a precast-concrete, bolted and gasketed segmental
lining designed by Mott MacDonald. Each 1.2m wide x 280mm thick ring comprises five
segments and a key. I
MCC has established an off-site casting yard equipped with 72 moulds supplied by CBE of
France to produce these segments.

Mott MacDonald designed an NATM excavation for the Chawri Bazaar station. This comprises:

2 - 288m-long station caverns of up to 85 m2 section

4 cross passages
2 large access shafts accommodating elevators, escalators, ticket barriers and other
concourse furnishings as well as housing ventilation and other m&e plant.

Two Bauer drilling rigs with special 1000mm-diameter casings and rockcutting tools have been
mobilized for the job. These rigs, a model BG 22 and a BG 14 have arrived at site. Following that
the 26m-deep rectangular shaft, comprising some 50,000m3 of material, will be excavated, half
through soft soil and the other half in rock.

The full 4km-contract length is designed as open cut with dewatering systems and diaphragm
walls or sheet piling. In hard rock, drill and blast is used with shotcrete and rockbolt support.

Open-cut work is supported either by sheet piling or diaphragm walls.

Sheetpiling is largely installed using vibrohammers except in areas close to residential and
business addresses where a Giken silent piler unit is used.

Diaphragm wall panels are excavated using either a Bauer hydraulic grab or other locally
manufactured grabs. Due to limited space and crane capacity restrictions, reinforcement cages for
the diaphragm walls are designed as two parts. Each part weighs about 18 tonne and the two
parts are lowered into each panel excavation in a single tandem lift using two 75-tonne capacity
cranes.

Locally produced bentonite is being used on the contract and it is reportedly showing good rates
of re-usage.

Ground anchors rather than spans of struts are supporting core excavation. In the sections of
open-cut running tunnels beneath temporary decking, KSHI is using the Japanese developed
Hirose system of strutting. This is based on standard modular sections that are prefabricated
above ground and lowered into the excavations.

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A system of bored piles supports the foundation slabs where necessary, except in the top-down
construction of the Civil Lines station where a barrette mini-pile foundation system has been
designed and implemented.

Elevated Rail Sections (Line 3)

The alignment is underground from Barakhamba Road to the start of Panchkuian Road. The
section will be on ramp from the start of Panchkuian Road till full rail level is gained for approx.
520m after which the entire section will be elevated. The alignment will pass through Barakhamba
Road, Panchkuian Road, Link Road, Pusa Road, Patel Road & Najafgarh Road.

Tis Hazari Station

All Delhi Metro underground stations are approximately 300 meters long
and
20 meters wide and are designed to be at two levels i.e. platform level
below
and a concourse level above. Entries to these stations will be through
subways
provided at different locations.

The section of the viaduct has been designed as segmental single U girder, which will be precast
and transported to the site. Special spans of 45m and above shall - 19 - be of steel. The length of
the span near the Railway tracks at Kirti Nagar will be 60m.

The Road intersections at Panchkuian Road, RK Ashram and Rajendra Place will be modified to
accommodate the viaduct. The modified intersection at Rajendra Place will be signalized.

The first two stations i.e. Barakhamba Road and Connaught Place will be underground and the
other stations will be elevated. The stations will be on both sides of the viaduct and a cross bridge
shall be provided below the platform for the commuters to cross from one side of the station to
the other.

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A maintenance depot along with coach stabling facilities for the underground Metro corridor is
coming up at the Khyber Pass Area.

To ensure passenger comfort all underground stations will be air-conditioned and the tunnels will
be well ventilated. All the stations will be equipped with modern facilities like synchronized clocks
on platform and passenger information display will be installed at stations to provide information
on real time basis about the arrival of the incoming trains. Similarly online announcement will be
made on public address systems and CCTV is planned for underground stations.

10.2. Metro Rolling Stock

Manufacturer - A consortium comprising ROTEM (formerly KOROS), Mitsubishi Corporation, and

Mitsubishi Electric Corporation. The initial train sets were built at a ROTEM facility in Korea but are
now being built by BEML.

Gauge - The trains run on the broad gauge (1676-mm)

Coaches - 3.2 metre wide coaches with vestibules that permit passengers to move throughout
the length of the train. Trains currently consist of 4 coaches - two driving coaches and two trailing
coaches. The system is designed for trains with upto 8 coaches. The coaches are equipped with 3
phase AC motors, VVVF control, chevron rubber/air bag suspension system and regenerative
braking system.

The initial lot of 60 Electric Multiple Unit (EMU) coaches are being supplied by Rotem of South
Korea while subsequent coaches will be indigenously manufactured by Bharat Earth Movers Ltd.
(BEML). Contracts have been signed for the delivery 240 coaches. BEML began delivery of locally
assembled coach sets in August 2003, and fully locally manufactured units in January 2004.

The coaches have stainless steel bodies and fiber-reinforced plastic interiors and weigh about 42-t
each. They are rated for 80-km/h max. speed. The nominal capacity is 58 seated and 325
standing passengers each. All trains are fully airconditioned. The trains have wide glass windows
and automatic doors, which can be controlled by the train operator. The system also provides
intercom facilities for the passengers to speak to the driver in case of an emergency.

Comfort - Trains are air-conditioned and maintain an optimal temperature of 290C inside the
coaches. The underground stations will also be air-conditioned. Ticketing and passenger controls
are through Automatic Fare Collection System. Entries and exits to metro stations are controlled
by microprocessor-controlled flap-doors operated by 'smart-cards' and contactless tokens. For
convenience of commuters, adequate number of escalators is installed at metro stations. Parking
facilities are available at most Metro Stations for private vehicle owners who can park and ride on
the Metro. Special feeder buses are provided for the benefit of - 20 - commuters. The entry path
is lined with tactile tiles to guide the visually impaired from outside the stations to the trains. The
Metro Sahayaks are present at stations to provide assistance at all times.

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3.2 m Wide, Stainless Body, FRP Interior, Air-conditioned, Vestibule Coaches - 60 seats
+ 325 standing

The 4-coach Delhi Metro Train

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To make the metro stations aesthetically pleasing and to provide easy identification of stations,
each station has been designed with a unique scheme. Local art college students have designed
decorative murals at the Metro stations.

Trains are at platform level with a small gap to allow easy entry and exit to passengers.
Announcements in Hindi and English inform about the next station and also warn about closing
doors. There are route maps and LCD display systems in every coach. Stations are also equipped
with public announcement systems and are monitored with close circuit TV.

The Delhi Metro will be one of the few metros in the world to have plainclothes Metro-marshals on
trains. Besides being trained to prevent terrorist attacks, these commandos can operate the train
in case of an emergency. Private security guards are also employed to enhance security within
Metro premises. Emergency communication between the passengers and the driver is provided in
each coach. Security is monitored from a central control location. All stations will have ATMs, food
outlets, coffee shops, newspaper vendors etc.

Traction - Power supply at 25 kV AC through overhead catenary-rigid OHE proposed for the
underground sections while a flexible OHE for the other sections.

Control system:

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FEATURE METRO RAIL
Cab signaling system with
CATC ( ATP / ATO / ATS) Cab signaling with
Type of signaling
(Automatic Train Protection, ATP/ATS
Operation & Supervision)
Inter Locking Solid State Interlocking (SSI) SSI

Power Supply for Delhi Metro

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To control and supervise train monitoring, passenger information dissemination, Automatic Fare
Collection and the air conditioning network an Operation Control Centre (OCC) has been set up at
Shastri Park Metro Station. The OCC regulates trains automatically through computerized route
setting for trains being run on the system along with real time monitoring of train locations on a
large wall mounted display panel for the controllers.

10.3. Power

Power supply system for Delhi MRTS is being designed with adequate redundancy to ensure
continuous and reliable power for running electric trains in the underground Metro Corridor and
on the Surface Corridor. Total Power required for running trains with modern coaches on both the
corridors is estimated to be 75 MW by the year 2005. This power will be used for running trains
including auxiliary loads such as lifts, escalators, lighting, ventilation and air conditioning etc. In
addition 45 MW power would be required to meet the loads for new commercial complexes
planned to be built over and around MRTS stations. To ensure continuous availability of quality
power for running trains on the MRTS Corridors, Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Ltd, have made
arrangements to get 120 MW power from NTPC Thermal Power Station at Oriya Stage II by
wheeling power - 22 - through extra high transmission (400kv / 220kv / 66kv) network in Delhi
Area. In the event of failure of Northern Grid, power supply to Delhi MRTS stations of
Underground Metro Corridor will continue to be fed from the Indra Prastha (IP) Gas Turbine Power
Station. (Refer Figure 6)

Power for the underground Metro Corridor will be received at 3 receiving stations of MRTS namely
ISBT, New Delhi and Patel Chowk. To ensure the highest degree of reliability and all time power
availability for the underground Metro Corridor, 3 MRTS Power receiving stations are inter-
connected for transfer of power from one to another through Fire Retardant Low Smoke (FRLS)
cable feeders. These receiving stations will be remote controlled fro m Centralized Operation
Control Centre through Supervisory Control & Data Acquisition System (SCADA).

In the unlikely event of total power failure, provision is made for automatic switching of
emergency lighting in the tunnel and at the MRTS stations. In addition, all the trains will also
have modern Ni-Cd Batteries to continue to provide lighting and air conditioning even when the
train is stopped in event of complete power failure. The ventilation and air conditioning
arrangements in the tunnel and the underground stations are being so designed that emergency -
23 - ventilation arrangements for the stations and tunnel will continue to be maintained from the
standby Generator Sets in such exigencies.

For Rail Corridor it has been planned to avail power from NTPC Thermal Power Station at three
MRTS receiving stations through 400 kV, 220 kV & 66 kV Extra High Voltage Transmission
Network. In the event of failure of one source, power can be fed at 25 kV side throughout the
section from the other two sources. However, in the event of complete collapse of NREB grid,
arrangements are being planned to transfer power from ISBT receiving sub-station of Metro
Corridor to Rail Corridor. Arrangements have been planned to supply power for lifts, escalators
and station lighting from the stand by Generator Set provided at each station in the event of
complete grid failure.

Fare - Fare collection is smartcards, tourist passes and tokens. Fares depend on distance traveled
and range between Rs. 6 and Rs. 14 for the part of Line 1 that is now operational.

Contactless, stored-value smartcards are available for Rs. 100, 200 and 500 in value. They are
available after paying a refundable deposit of Rs. 100 and can also be recharged when the value

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on the card is exhausted. Each recharge gives a discount of 10% on travel fare. Apart from travel,
Metro cards will be used for purchases at shops within metro stations.

Tourist passes are available for unlimited travel for Rs. 50 and Rs. 150 for one and three days
respectively. The tokens and cards must be used both at the entry and the exit points.

Tokens are available for single journey and return tickets only.

11. Business Model

DMRC is confident to cover operating and maintenance costs from day one. The DMRC expects an
internal rate of return of over 2.3 per cent from the first day of operation.

DMRC has been able to raise cheap loans. 56 per cent of the project cost (another 30 per cent
has come in exchange for equity from the Delhi and Central governments) has come from a JBIC
concessional loan at an interest of only 1.8 per cent payable in 30 years with a 10-year
moratorium. In February 1997 JBIC agreed to extend 14,760 million-yen for Phase I of the
Project, 6,732 million yen for Phase II in March 2001 and 28,659 million-yen for Phase III. This
means there are no outgoings for the first 10 years. And the government is giving an interest free
subordinate loan to cover the cost of land acquisition, which constitutes 8 per cent of the project
cost.

The DMRC has calculated that 90 per cent of revenue (Rs.12 lakhs per day) will come from tickets
and the remaining amount is expected to come from selling advertising space in the stations as
well as property development.

The DMRC had hired the National Council for Advanced Economic Research to work out a tariff
plan. Insiders say the NCAER concluded that only 1.6 million to 1.7 million passengers would use
the metro and fixed a tariff slab that started with Rs 5 for the first 2-km.

It decided that the costliest ticket would be Rs 10 at 2001 prices. At these rates, the NCAER
reckoned that the project would be able to meet its operations and maintenance costs as well as
meets its depreciation costs.

Delhi Metro Rail Corporation is developing commercial property within and around the stations.
All stations will have ATMs, food outlets, coffee shops, newspaper vendors etc. In addition, it is
proposed to lease the areas around the stations for development of supermarkets, commercial
establishments and office buildings that would act as a supplemental revenue source. A contract
has already been signed with McDonald's and negotiations are on with Nirulas to open fast food
counters.

12. Environment, Health & Safety

Environmental Impact

A detailed Environmental Impact Assessment has been done in 1994 to minimize the negative
environmental impact of the Project during the construction stage of the Project.

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 For every tree cut during construction, the DMRC is planting 10 trees in advance as
compensatory afforestation. Around 26000 trees have been planted at Najafgarh, Isapur and
Rebla Khanpur. Through proper care 30% of trees in the alignment have been saved.

Installation of storm water drains for disposal of wastewater, monitoring air and noise pollution,
disposal of excavated materials are some of the measures taken during construction to minimize
the damage to the environment and inconvenience to public.

International Certification

The Delhi Metro has been awarded OHSAS 18001 (Occupational Health and Safety Assessment
sequence 18001) by Registro Italiano Navale India Pvt. Ltd. (RINA), Genova.

The Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC) received the ISO 14001 certificate for establishing an
environmental management system making it the First Metro in the World to receive this
certification at the construction stage.

13. Capacity Building

Recruitment

Initially, DMRC was recruiting persons (in-service or retired) from Indian Railways on deputation.
Now it recruits persons from the open market. There is a website on recruitment in the DMRC
portal.

Training

A training school for drivers and other operating staff has been set up at Shastri Park. Under an
agreement with the Hong Kong Metro Railway, 60 employees of DMRC have been trained on their
system. Regular training is held for new recruits through induction program apart from refresher
training for experienced employees in all categories including train operators, station controllers,
maintenance staff etc

Man behind Delhi Metro 70-year-old E. Sreedharan, Managing Director of the Delhi Metro Rail
Corporation, has literally put a dream into motion. As many as 35 studies done on the transport
sector of Delhi since 1950 have suggested several ways of bringing the Metro rail in Delhi. All of
them lay gathering dust until Sreedharan took over as the MD of DMRC on November 4, 1997.
Within a year, work started on the project. When a tidal wave had washed away the Panbam
Bridge near Rameshwaram in 1964,as an Executive Engineer in the Southern Railway,
Sreedharan restored the bridge in 45 days, an achievement for which he was given the Railway
Minister’s Award that year. As the Chairman and Managing Director of Konkan Railways, he set up
a network of 760 kilometers in seven years comprising 93 tunnels, 149 large bridges and 1,600
small bridges with a total cost of Rs 2,500 crores.
http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=29748

Replication

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In future an Integrated Rail Bus Transit System with exclusive train lines is proposed and will be
funded by the Government of Delhi in collaboration with the neighboring states of Uttar Pradesh
and Haryana. This system will transport commuters between Delhi and its satellite towns. The
lines will be built mostly parallel to, but completely independent of the existing railway lines.

Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC), which is executing the MRTP in Delhi, is venturing into
consultancy and project preparation work for metro systems coming up in other cities. The
company is selected to prepare project schemes for the two proposed metro lines in Bangalore,
and is scheduled to prepare a detailed project report on an urban rail project in Mumbai.

There are plans to construct metros in Ahmedabad, Hyderabad, Lucknow, and

Tiruvananthapuram.

DMRC has expressions of interest from Dubai, Rangoon for Metros.

Lessons learnt

Rehabilitation of residents and shopkeepers affected by Metro deserves more serious attention
though the project is meant for greater public good.

Construction of metro completely underground saves considerable land needed for the expansion
and development of the city. In a city short of such land, construction of elevated and surface
rails eats away considerable portion of it.

Certain trade-off is necessary between extending metro lines and the quantity of ridership.
Property development along a metro line will certainly improve ridership.

It The conditionalities, the time taken to process the loan application and fluctuations in foreign
exchange market-all point out that financing metro project from internal resources/ borrowings is
preferable to seeking external borrowings even if they are soft loans.

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