MUNICIPAL ENGINEERING AND URBAN HYDROLOGY

1. Scope of municipal engineering

2. Role & responsibilities of municipal engineer
3. Table: Municipal engineering roles- examples of major sustainability related professional
tasks.
4. Flow chart: Central government  Union councils

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COURSE OUTLINE

1. General
 Organization of local government
 Role of planners
 Municipal engineer’s coordination with different civic agencies (17 departments)
2. Land development process
 Regional context
 Preparation and contents of neighborhood plan
 Subdivision plan
- Principles
- Street & block patterns
 Development of maps
 Local approval process
 Zoning issues
 Financial feasibility
3. Provision of government services
 Street layout & design
 Transit services
 Parking facilities
 Street lighting
4. Katchi Abadi
 Katchi abadi development
 Squatter settlement
 Improvement in land use control & provision of infrastructure facilities
5. Urban hydrology
 Precipitation
 Surface and ground water reservoirs
- Dams
- Lakes
 Water conveyance by canals
 Evaporation and transpiration
6. Urban storm water
 Stream flow and runoff hydrograph
 Unit hydrograph
 Matrix method of unit hydrograph
 Synthetic hydrograph
H YDROLOGY

1. Introduction
2. Water cycle (figure)
 Transpiration
 Evotranspiration
 Infiltration
 Overland flow
 Runoff
 Hydrologic cycle
 Precipitation paths (3)
 Urban hydrologic cycle (schematic)
3. Rainfall
 Depth
 Volume
 Intensity
 Numerical
- Rain volume
- Rain intensity
- Thessian polygon method
 Mean rainfall on an area
- Arithmetical mean method
- Theissian mean method
- Isohyetal method
- Numerical
- Rain volume
- Hyetograph
 Recurrence interval
 Probability of occurrence
 Different types of rain gauges
 Numerical: Storm probability
 Rain fall intensity duration/frequency
 Rainfall classification system
 Graph: Algorithmic plot of rainfall return period vs rainfall duration
H YDROGRAPH

1. Storm hydrograph
2. Base flow
3. Hydrograph
4. Numerical: Exam
 Uncontrolled stormwater and surface water runoff can cause significant
environmental damage. Comment.
5. Rational formula: Q=CiA
 Runoff coefficient
 Table: Runoff coefficients –land uses
 Composite runoff coefficient
 Numerical
6. Effects of land development
 Discharge time curve
7. Numerical: Peak runoff rate for five year storm
8. Unit hydrograph
 Introduction
 Preparing a unit hydrograph from an isolated storm
- Runoff-time cure
 Limitations
 Uses
 Numerical
- Compute peak of four hour unit hydrograph
- Plot unit hydrograph
- Peak flow
- Peak flow rate runoff
W ATER AND SANITATION
In slums and Shanty towns

1. Septic tank (figure)

2. Numerical: Dimensions of septic tank
3. Soak away pit
 Section
 Plan
4. Percolation test-procedure (6) page 15
5. Water supply (figure)
 Section
 Plan
 Water supplysystems
- Direct system
- Pumped system
 Numerical: Underground reservoir size
6. Table: Building type- cold water storage/head in litres (11)
7. Elevated roof tank
 Filling time
8. Power of pump (equation)
 Numerical: Monthly power bill due to pump
9. Pump sets: Head losses
 Heissen formula
10. Fixture discharge method
 Factors
- Surface loading
- Detention time
11. Approximate rate of discharge from sanitary fixtures
12. Application rate for subsurface disposal
 Table: Percolation rate- maximum rate of water application (liter/m2 /day)
13. Numericals
 Dimensions of
- Septic tank
- Soakaway pit (2)
14. Dispersion trenches (figure)
15. Numerical: Rational method
 Design flow
 Required pipe diameter
LAND DEVELOPMENT PROCESS

1. Regional plans
 Characteristics (6)
 Defining region
- Factors (9)
2. Functional plans
 Areas covered (9)
3. Regional comprehensive plan
 Introduction
 Elements of regional comprehensive plan (15)
4. Urban growth areas
5. Special resources areas
6. Regional facilities
7. Description & analytical studies (2)
STORM WATER DRAIN

1. Structural requirements
2. Storm water drain (figure)
3. Types of storm water drains (figures)
 Class A
 Class B based on load factor
 Class C
 Class D
4. Tasks of municipal engineer (6)
5. Structural requirements
 Bedding
 Load factor
 Supporting length
 Marshall formulae (load estimation)
NEIGHBORHOOD PLAN

1. Overview of neighborhood plan

2. Stakeholders (6)
3. Importance of neighborhood planning
 Aspects covered (4)
 Goals of neighborhood plan (5)
4. Planning a neighborhood: How to (6)
5. Capacity of neighborhood plan
6. Need of neighborhood plan
7. Issues addressed (8)
8. Core values
 Communication
 Shared responsibility
 Community interest
 Cost consideration
9. Helpfulness of a neighborhood plan (4)
10. Steps: Developing a neighborhood plan (6)
11. Duration: Developing a neighborhood plan ( 7 meetings | 9 months)
 Implementation parts (3)
12. Developing neighborhood plan
13. Questions for developing neighborhood plan (5)
14. Tools
 Boundary of planning area map
 Current land use map
 Future land use map
 Future rezoning map
 Other maps and features (4)
15. Elements of neighborhood plan
 Included land uses (6)
 Questions raised by stakeholders (10)
16. Transportation and mobility
 Different transportation systems (6)
17. Population
 Population density
 House occupancy
 Tenure
 Housing options
 Race and ethnicity
18. Other tools: Neighborhood planning
 Historical resources
 Past planning efforts
19. Surveys used in neighborhood planning