A pronoun is a word that replaces a noun in a sentence.

Pronouns are used so that

our language is not cumbersome with the same nouns being repeated over and over in
a paragraph. Some examples of pronouns include I, me, mine, myself, she, her, hers,
herself, we, us, ours and ourselves. You may have noticed that they tend to come in
sets of four, all referring to the same person, group or thing.

He, him, his and himself, for example, all refer to a male person or something
belonging to him
They, them, theirs and themselves all refer to a group or something belonging to a
group, and so on.
The truth is that there are many different types of pronouns, each serving a
different purpose in a sentence.

Personal Pronouns
Personal pronouns can be the subject of a clause or sentence. They are: I, he, she,
it, they, we, and you. Example: They went to the store.

Personal pronouns can also be objective, where they are the object of a verb,
preposition, or infinitive phrase. They are: me, her, him, it, you, them, and us.
Example: David gave the gift to her.

Subjective

Subject pronouns are often (but not always) found at the beginning of a sentence.
More precisely, the subject of a sentence is the person or thing that lives out the
verb.

I owe that person $3,000. I am living out that debt. I is the subject pronoun.
He and I had a fight. This sentence has two subjects because he and I were both
involved in the fight.
He broke my kneecaps. You get the idea.
To him, I must now pay my children's college funds. If you'll notice, the verb in
this sentence the action is "pay." Although I is not at the beginning of the
sentence, it is the person living out the action and is, therefore, the subject.
Objective

By contrast, objects and object pronouns indicate the recipient of an action or

motion. They come after verbs and prepositions (to, with, for, at, on, beside,
under, around, etc.).

The guy I borrowed money from showed me a crowbar and told me to pay him
immediately.
I begged him for more time.
He said he'd given me enough time already.
I tried to dodge the crowbar, but he hit me with it anyway.
Just then, the police arrived and arrested us.
Subject vs. Object Pronouns

There is often confusion over which pronouns you should use when you are one half
of a dual subject or object. For example, should you say:

"Me and him had a fight." or "He and I had a fight?"

"The police arrested me and him." or "The police arrested he and I?"
Some people will tell you that you should always put the other person first and
refer to yourself as "I" because it's more proper, but those people are wrong. You
can put the other person first out of politeness, but you should always use the
correct pronouns (subject or object) for the sentence.

A good test to decide which one you need is to try the sentence with one pronoun at
a time. Would you say, "Me had a fight?" Of course not. You'd say, "I had a fight."
What about, "Him had a fight?" No, you'd say, "He had a fight." So when you put the
two subjects together, you get, "He and I had a fight." The same rule applies to
the other example. You wouldn't say, "The police arrested he," or, "The police
arrested I." You would use "him" and "me."

So the correct sentence is, "The police arrested me and him."

Possessive Pronouns
Possessive pronouns show ownership. The term covers both possessive pronouns and
possessive adjectives.

Absolute possessive pronouns mine, yours, ours, theirs, his, hers, its are
truly pronouns because they refer to a previously named or understood noun. They
stand alone, not followed by any other noun. Take a look at this sentence:

You have your vices, and I have mine.

There are two types of pronouns here: personal (you/I) and possessive (mine).
There's also a possessive adjective (your).

Your is followed by the noun vices, so although we know that your refers to you, it
is not the noun or the noun substitute (pronoun). Vices is the noun. In the second
half of the sentence, however, the noun and the possessive adjective have both been
replaced with one word the pronoun, mine. Because it stands in the place of the
noun, mine is an absolute pronoun whereas your is a possessive adjective that must
be followed by a noun.

Pronominal possessive adjectives include: my, your, our, their, his, her and its.
They are used as pronouns as they refer to an understood noun, showing possession
by that noun of something. They are technically adjectives, though, because they
modify a noun that follows them.

My money is all gone.

I gambled it all away on your race horse.
His jockey was too fat.
In all of these examples, there is a noun (money, race horse, jockey) that has not
been replaced with a pronoun. Instead, an adjective is there to show whose money,
horse and jockey were talking about.

Indefinite Pronouns
These pronouns do not point to any particular nouns, but refer to things or people
in general. Some of them are: few, everyone, all, some, anything, and nobody.

Everyone is already here.

Relative Pronouns
These pronouns are used to connect a clause or phrase to a noun or pronoun. These
are: who, whom, which, whoever, whomever, whichever, and that.

The driver who ran the stop sign was careless.

Intensive Pronouns
These pronouns are used to emphasize a noun or pronoun. These are: myself, himself,
herself, themselves, itself, yourself, yourselves, and ourselves.

He himself is his worst critic.

Demonstrative Pronouns
There are five demonstrative pronouns: these, those, this, that, and such. They
focus attention on the nouns that are replacing.

Such was his understanding.

Those are totally awesome.
Interrogative Pronouns
These pronouns are used to begin a question: who, whom, which, what, whoever,
whomever, whichever, and whatever.

What are you bringing to the party?

Reflexive Pronouns
There is one more type of pronoun, and that is the reflexive pronoun. These are the
ones that end in self or "selves." They are object pronouns that we use when the
subject and the object are the same noun.

I told myself not to spend all my money on new shoes.

My friend really hurt himself when he tripped on the stairs.
We also use them to emphasize the subject.

Usually, the guy I borrowed the money from will send an employee to collect the
money, but since I owed so much, he himself came to my house.
Examples of Pronouns in Context
Now see if you can find all the pronouns and possessive adjectives in this
paragraph:

No matter what your teachers may have taught you about pronouns, the I's don't
always have it. If your teachers ever warned you about the evils of gambling,
however, they were right about that. You don't want someone breaking your kneecaps
with his crowbar; it will hurt, the police might arrest you, and you may never
forgive yourself.

Read more at http://grammar.yourdictionary.com/parts-of-speech/pronouns/types-of-

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