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Similarities

relational database management systems


written by Microsoft
Differences
MS Access
File based
free distributable runtime (2007 or later)
RAD tools (form/report designer)
uses Jet SQL
max file size 2GB
SQL Server Express
Client/Server model
free
no RAD tools
uses Transact-SQL
max database size 4GB (10GB for SSE R2), max one physical CPU

Technical Specifications & Limitations


Here's a look at some of the main differences in the limitations between Microsoft Access and SQL
Server.

Attribute Access 2016 SQL Server 2016

Maximum database size (including 2 GB, minus the space 524,272 terabytes
all objects and data) needed for system
objects.

Maximum data size Whatever's left over 16 terabytes


after deducting the
system objects from 2
GB.

Maximum number of simultaneous 255 32,767


users / concurrent connections
Attribute Access 2016 SQL Server 2016

Maximum number of 255 1,024 for nonwide


columns/fields per table tables
30,000 for wide tables

Number of characters in a Text 255 2^31-1


field (Access) Bytes per
varchar(max), varbinary(max), xml,
text, or image column (SQL
Server)

Number of characters in a Long 65,535 when entering 2^30-1


Text field (Access), or per ntext or data through the user
nvarchar(max) column (SQL interface;
Server)
1 gigabyte of character
storage when entering
data
programmatically.4,000
when the
UnicodeCompression
property of the fields is
set to Yes. This limit
also applies to OLE
Object fields.

Number of indexes in a table 32 including indexes 999 nonclustered


created internally to indexes per table.
maintain table
relationships, single- 8 indexes per
field and composite memory-optimised
indexes. table.

Number of characters in an SQL Approximately 65,536 * Network


statement 64,000* packet size
Network Packet Size
is the size of the
tabular data stream
(TDS) packets used to
communicate
between applications
and the relational
Database Engine. The
default packet size is
4 KB, and is
controlled by the
Attribute Access 2016 SQL Server 2016

network packet size


configuration option.

Number of objects in a database 32,768 2,147,483,647

Number of fields/columns per 10 16


foreign key

Number of fields/columns per 10 16


primary key

Number of fields/columns per index 10 16


If the table contains
one or more XML
indexes, the clustering
key of the user table
is limited to 15
columns because the
XML column is added
to the clustering key
of the primary XML
index.
In SQL Server, you
can include nonkey
columns in a
nonclustered index to
avoid the limitation of
a maximum of 16 key
columns.

Number of fields/columns in a 255 4,096


recordset/SELECT statement

Number of nested subqueries 50* 32

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