TEACHING PLAN

Lesson Plan

Group: Miriam Cardenas

Lesson: Hypertension

Audience: Transitional Housing Group

Date: 9/19/17

Location: San Diego Rescue Mission, 2nd Floor Classroom

Materials needed: None

Equipment needed: None Handouts to be provided

Objectives:
1. Participants will understand the Pathogenesis of essential hypertension. There are
many factors that can contribute to the pathogenesis of essential hypertension.
Factors that play a main role in the pathogenesis of hypertension include genetics,
activation of the sympathetic, obesity, and high-salt intake.
2. Participants will learn about the objective findings of hypertension. Hypertension
is defined by blood pressure that is greater than 140/90.
3. Participants will learn about the risk factors and causes of primary and secondary
hypertension. Primary hypertension is influenced by stress, lack of exercise, and
blood plasma and hormones that regulate blood volume and pressure. Secondary
hypertension is caused by diabetes, kidney disease, obesity, and/or thyroid
disease.
4. Participants will know how hypertension is diagnosed. Hypertension is diagnosed
by the measurement of blood pressure >140/90 over at least 3 clinic visits.
5. Participants will learn how about the treatment of hypertension, including life-
style changes and drug treatment.

A. Outline: Overview of fact sheet of Hypertension

a. What is hypertension?
i. Hypertension is another word for high blood pressure
ii. HTN is defined by BP greater than 140/90
iii. Blood pressure is the force exerted by the blood against the walls
of the blood vessels
iv. The more blood the heart pumps, the narrower the arteries become
leading to higher blood pressure
v. Systolic reading- pressure as the heart pumps blood around the
body
vi. Diastolic reading- pressure as the heart relaxes and refills with
blood
 b. How is hypertension managed?
i. Engaging in physical activity
ii. Reducing alcohol and tobacco use
iii. Avoiding high sodium diet
c. Fast facts
i. Normal BP is 120/80
ii. High BP is >140/90
iii. Unmanaged high blood pressure can lead to heart attack, stroke or
other problems
iv. Lifestyle factor changes are the best way to address high blood
pressure
v. Acute causes of high blood pressure are stress or kidney disease
B. What causes hypertension
a. Risk factors?
i. Age
1. More common in people over 60yrs. Old
2. With age, arteries become stiffer and narrow due to plaque
ii. Size and weight. Being overweight or obese can lead to HTN.
iii. Sex. Men are more prone at a younger age. Women are more prone
to develop hypertension at an older age.
iv. Existing health conditions such as heart disease, kidney disease,
and high cholesterol.
v. Genetics and family history
vi. Lifestyle: Physical inactivity, salt-rich food with processed and
fatty foods, low potassium in diet, alcohol and tobacco use.
b. Primary HTN
i. Influenced by stress, lack of exercise
ii. Caused by blood plasma and hormones that regulate blood volume
and pressure.
c. Secondary HTN
i. Diabetes
ii. Kidney disease
1. Chronic kidney disease. Kidneys do not filter out fluid.
2. Fluid overload leads to hypertension
iii. Obesity
iv. Thyroid disease
C. Diagnosis
a. Diagnosis of HTN determined by measuring blood pressure over 3 clinic
visits of BP >140/90.
D. Treatment for HTN
a. Salt restriction: <2-4g/ day
b. Moderate alcohol consumption
i. Maximum of 2 drinks/day for men and 1 drink/day for women
c. More fruits and vegetables, less fat
i. Whole-grain, high fiber rich foods
ii. Beans, nuts
 iii. Poultry and fish
iv. Low-fat dairy products
d. Reducing and managing weight
e. Regular physical exercise
i. 30 minutes/day
f. Stress reduction
g. Drug treatment
E. Questions from the audience

References:
MacGill, M. (2017). Hypertension: causes, symptoms, and treatments. Medical News
Today. Retrieved from http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/150109.php