Weslley Costa Nalessio

Manage WHS Operations

Colesworths, Bondi Junction

WHS Report
Considering the last event in relation to an employee and a customer that were seriously injured,
the Company has decided to take charge of this situation by establishing a new procedure
that has as objective to administer the store's WHS policies.

1. Legislative Obligations (WHS

Act):
Workplace Health and Safety (WHS) is the the discipline concerned with protecting the health
and safety of all stakeholders in the workplace from exposure to hazards and risks resulting from
work activities.
The main aim of the WHS is to secure the health and safety of workers and workplaces through
the elimination or minimisation of risks, fair and effective representation, consultation, co-
operation and issue resolution, encouraging employer organisations and unions to play a
constructive role, provision of advice, information, education and training, and effective and
appropriate compliance and enforcement measures, among other matters. Also is an object of
the WHS that workers and others are to be given the highest level of protection from hazards and
risks as is reasonably practicable.
The WHS Regulations specify the way in which some duties under the WHS Act must be met
and prescribes procedural or administrative requirements to support the WHS Act. For example:
Requiring licenses for specific activities and the keeping of records.
Codes of Practice provide practical guidance on how to meet the standards set out in the WHS
Act and the WHS regulations. Codes of Practice are admissible in proceedings as evidence of
whether or not a duty under the WHS laws has been met and apply to all bodies and persons
having duties under that Act or regulations made under that Act.
 2 Methods of communication:
The Company recognises that communication and dissemination of information relating to
Workplace Health and Safety (WHS) is an important part of the strategy to eliminate and prevent
occupational injury. Employees require accurate health and safety information to perform
their work safely, and should be informed about health and safety activities and issues.
The transfer of WHS information is important to: alert others of incidents and associated
corrective actions that may arise; provide new or updated WHS legislation or associate
requirements; provide details of changes to the workplace, the system or method of work, the
plant or chemicals used, etc.
Therefore, 3 methods of communication could be:
- Consultation, a collaborative process between managers and workers. It involves
sharing information about work health and safety and ensuring that views of workers
are taken into account when making decisions about health and safety at the workplace.
- Internal and external WHS training programs such as inductions.
- Attending meetings and reading communications such as WHS internet site, WHS intranet
for staff, WHS committee minutes, posters displayed around the workplace, by email such as
safety alerts, in newsletters
3. Companys WHS policies, procedures and programs:

Contractor spot-checks: Are random checks conducted by the Company (Colesworths) or

contractors, suppliers and demonstrators working on Colesworths Group sites. If a non conformance
is identified in the spotcheck a Corrective Action Report (CAR) may be raised by the site/store or
Colesworths Group Contract Manager and forwarded to the contractor for action.
Chemicals: Contractors must provide up to date Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs) for all
chemicals: Used on site; Brought onto the site and/or stored at the site. MSDSs are valid for 5
years from the date of issue. They must include Australian emergency contact details. NB: In some
states, MSDSs are also known as Safety Data Sheets (SDS).
Additionally, contractors must keep a register of all chemicals that they store permanently on site, for
example cleaning chemicals. For refurbishment or new site works, the contractor must maintain
a separate Contractor Chemical Register that is available on site for the duration of these works.
Contractors must store chemicals in a manner and location that is:
x in a secure position where unauthorised people cannot access them
x free from the risk of falling or being knocked over
x away from food
x in line with the storage requirements for dangerous goods and hazardous substances
x appropriately labelled

Contractors must:

x minimise the quantity of chemicals kept at the site

x provide MSDSs for all chemicals used on site
x use control measures as outlined in the risk assessment, Work Method Statement and
MSDS
x keep all empty or full liquid petroleum gas (LPG) cylinders secured on a cleaning equipment
trolley or secured (eg. chained) to prevent the cylinder from being knocked over or damaged.

Incident management: All contractor incidents that occur on Colesworths Group sites, including near
misses, must be reported to the Store/Site Manager as soon as practical after the incident.
Contractors are required to co-operate in incident investigations as requested.

Working from heights: First of all, where possible, the need to work from heights should be
eliminated. In addition, approved height protection control measures must be implemented based on
risk (safety harness, scaffolding, etc). Relevant equipment must be provided by the Contractor. The
Contractor must also ensure that its Personnel have received appropriate training in the correct use
of equipment, including fall arrest equipment.

x Metal / aluminium ladders shall not be used anywhere electrical hazard exists (voltages in
excess of 50 volts AC or 120 volts DC)
x Ladders must comply with relevant Australian Standards and be in good condition. The
Contractor must inspect ladders prior to use.
x The Contractor must ensure that its Personnel are trained in safe work practices in relation
to ladders.
Scaffolds
x All scaffolding used on site must comply with relevant laws and Australian Standards.
x All scaffolding must be assembled by trained and licensed Personnel.
4 Details of workplace hazards:
Employers have a responsibility to protect workers against health and safety hazards at work.
Workers have the right to know about potential hazards and to refuse work that they believe is
dangerous. Workers have also a responsibility to work safely with hazardous materials.
Health and safety hazard exist in every workplace. Some are easily to identified and correct, while
others create extremely dangerous situations. Examples include: frayed electrical cords,
unguarded machinery, exposed moving parts, constant loud noise, vibrations, working from
ladders, scaffolding or heights, spills, tripping hazards, etc.
In order to inform to the staff about of identified hazards and the outcomes of risk assessment
and control, is necessary take into account that the information should be presented in a way that
can be easily understood by the workers and take into account literacy needs and the cultural or
linguistically diverse backgrounds of the workers. Therefore, the Company will use posters displayed
around the workplace, email such as safety alerts, newsletters, meetings, etc.
5. Importance of effective consultation
mechanisms:
Good communication and consultation is crucial for risk management and is very helpful to
improve peoples understanding of risk management processes, ensure all relevant stakeholders are
heard and ensure that everyone is clear on their roles and responsibilities. A safe workplace is more
easily achieved when everyone involved in the work communicates with each other to identify
hazards and risks, talks about any health and safety concerns and works together to find solutions.
This includes cooperation between the people who manage or control the work and those who carry
out the work or who are affected by the work.
By drawing on the knowledge and experience of your workers, more informed decisions can be made
about how the work should be carried out safely. Effective health and safety consultation also has
other benefits:
Greater awareness and commitment because workers who have been actively involved in how health
and safety decisions are made will better understand the decisions.
Positive working relationships because understanding the views of others leads to greater co-
operation and trust.

6. Three (3) consultation measures to facilitate participation from your staff on WHS
matters.
Consultation is a two-way process between managers and workers where they can talk to each other
about health and safety matters; listen workers concerns and raise managers concerns; seek and
share views and information, and consider what workers say before managers make decisions.
To facilitate participation from staff, consultation requires that:
- Relevant work health and safety information is shared with workers.
- Workers are given a reasonable opportunity to express their views and to raise health or safety
issues.
- Workers are given a reasonable opportunity to contribute to the decision-making process
relating to the health and safety matter.
- The views of workers are taken into account, and workers are advised of the outcome of any
consultation in a timely manner.
 7. Steps to ensure issues raised through consultation are promptly dealt
with:
Managers should agree to respond to concerns and questions raised by workers within a certain
timeframe and offer feedback about any options they propose. Managers must inform their
workers of the final decision or course of action as soon as possible. Managers should provide
information to help them understand the reasons for their decision.

8. Methods of recording and communicating the outcomes of consultation with your

staff:
To communicate the outcomes of consultation with the staff, The company will distribute the
information by: Newsletters; Notice boards; Extranet; Email; Meeting agendas, minutes, reports. A
regular WHS survey will be conducted to evaluate the satisfaction and effectiveness of the
communication processes.
Assessment 1 Part B Research Project

Managers play an important role in the workplace, as a mentor, leader and communication
channel for workers.
Managers are workers and have the same legislative obligations under the WHS Act as any
other worker. They role under the WHS laws are related to lead, guide and support
workers in their daily work activities and also to understand and follow to all health and safety
policies and procedures and supporting assisting other duty holders to meet their WHS
legislative obligations as well. Also, managers are a key link between the WHS practitioners
and workers and they have to ensure that workers are consulted and involved in any health
or safety that may affect them.
In addition, managers should also:
- Be accountable for involving and assisting workers in any change management
processes.
- Ensure that health and safety is integrated into team planning and does not get
downgraded based on competing priorities, budgetary constraints, or a lack of resources.
- Promote and encourage open discussions on health and safety at all levels of the
business to ensure that workers can achieve outcomes based on open communication,
consultation, negotiation and agreement.
- Establish and promote fair and equitable issue resolution processes.
2. What are the WHS legislative responsibilities, duties and obligations of workers? (4 marks)
A worker is any person who works, in any capacity, in or as part of the business
or undertaking.
All workers must:
- Take reasonable care for their own health and safety.
- Take reasonable care that their acts or omissions do not adversely affect the health and
safety of other persons
- Comply, so far as the worker is reasonably able with any reasonable instruction given
by a person conducting a business or undertaking (PCBU) to allow the person
conducting the business or undertaking to comply with the WHS Act.
- Cooperate with any reasonable policy or procedure of the PCBU which relates to work
health or safety and that has been notified to workers.
Every worker at all levels of a business should:
- Take ownership of their own health and safety for those matters within their control or
ability to influence.
- Work with colleagues to promote health and safety and ensure that it becomes a part of
everyday business.
- Contribute to providing quality information that enables the establishment of baseline
compliance levels and the measurement of changes in compliance over time. This rich
source of information provides a reference point for targeting prevention and better
practice initiatives.
- Be accountable as an individual to enhance a culture of health and safety within the
business.
- Endure that they meet duty of care obligations as required under the WHS laws. Non-
compliance can result in a range of regulatory responses, and in some cases, criminal
prosecution with substantially increased fines which may include jail sentences.
3. What are the policies and procedures at your workplace (if you arent working relate to a
previous workplace) in regards to:
a) Hazard management (3 marks)
A hazard is something that has the potential to harm the health, safety and welfare of people
at work, such as: noise, slippery surfaces, hazardous substances, unguarded power driven
machinery, unsafe work procedures and practices, etc.

At my workplace, according to the WHS Act, risks are managed to ensure they are minimised
or eliminated, so far as is reasonably practicable, to provide a safe and healthy workplace for
workers or other persons.
In this process is essential the identification, assessment, control and review of any
predictable hazard that may exist and which has the potential to harm the safety or
health of any worker or other people.
Workers are responsible for assisting in the identification of hazards, the assessment of
risks and implementation of hazard control measures, and reporting any incident or hazard
in the workplace to their manager or supervisor.
Managers and supervisors are responsible for ensuring that hazard in work are identified, risk
assesses and controlled and that the risk control measures are documented, monitored
regularly and maintained. They are also responsible for ensuring that the staff they supervise
are fully informed about any hazard associated with activities being carried out, are trained
adequately, are instructed in control measures and safe working procedures and are
supervised appropriately.
In summary, there are 4 easy steps of hazard management:
1. Identify the hazard. (Hazard identification)
2. Gather as much information as possible about the hazard. (Risk assessment)
3. Develop and implement a solution to the hazard. (Hazard control)
4. Look back at the hazard to see if it has been solved or has created another problem.
(Review)
b) Fire / emergency / evacuation (6 marks)
An emergency plan is a written set of instructions that outlines what workers and others at
the workplace should do in an emergency.
At my workplace, emergency plan include:
x Emergency procedures such as:
- An effective response to an emergency.
- Staff responsibilities.
- Evacuation procedures.
- Notifying emergency service organisations at the earliest opportunity.
- The maintenance of fire detection and prevention equipment.
- Medical treatment and assistance, and
- Effective communication between the person authorised to coordinate the emergency
response and all people at the workplace.
x Testing of the emergency procedures, including the frequency of testing.

x Information, training and instruction to relevant workers in relation to implementing

the emergency procedures.
The emergency plan should be based on a practical assessment of hazards associated with
the work activity or workplace, and the possible consequences of an emergency occurring
as a result of those hazards. External hazards should also be considered in preparing an
emergency plan.
The site specific emergency plan needs to be communicated to all staff through display,
training and emergency practice.

Fire is a potential hazard in all workplaces and has significant potential to cause
losses. Therefore, is necessary to have an emergency evacuation plan in place.
At my workplace, fire is dealt with in the same way as any hazard in the workplace and
included:
1. Identification of the hazard
2. Assessment of the risk
3. Control
4. Review and evaluation of any control strategies.
A simple plan to respond to emergencies will reduce the potential for injury and illness and
avoid panic.
All workers received a copy of the emergency plan, which is also posted on notice boards.
The emergency plan cover:
- Immediate action to stop or minimise the hazard, for example, use of fire extinguishers
if trained.
- The need to stay calm.
- Who to call to raise the alarm.
- How to notify emergency personnel (ambulance, fire brigade, police, etc)
- How, when and where to evacuate.
- Names of the key leaders responsible for making decisions during the emergency.
- How to establish and use a fail-safe communication system.
c) Incident investigation and reporting (2
marks)
An incident is an event that has the potential to or does lead to an injury or
damage to property and equipment as a result of losing control of a hazard.

At my workplace, we follow the model WHS Act which sets out certain types of
workplace incidents that need to be notified to regulators. Only the most serious safety
incidents are intended to be notifiable and they trigger requirements to preserve the
incident site pending further direction from the regulator.

Notifiable incidents are:

- The dead of a person.
- A serious injury or illness.
- A dangerous incident arising out of work carried out by a business,
undertaking or a workplace.

If a notifiable incident occurs, the model WHS Act sets out that:
- Immediate notification of a notifiable incident to the regulator, after becoming
aware
of it.
- If the regulator asks written notification with 48 hours of the request.
- Preservation of the incident site until an inspector arrives or directs otherwise.
Assessment 3 Implement and monitor WHS policies, procedures and programs to meet
legislative requirement

1. WHS legislation and requirements

a. Which WHS policies could be found in your workplace that clearly indentifies the
organizations commitment to complying with WHS legislation?
In comply with WHS legislation, we are committed to:
- Making every practicable and reasonable effort to provide a healthy and safe place of work
- Integrating WHS considerations into all business activities
- Proactively identifying emerging risks and managing hazards
- Ensuring worker well-being and assurance that all workers are treated fairly, sensitively
and with respect at all times
- Consulting with workers and external parties (e.g. unions, suppliers, customers, contractors
and regulators) so as to ensure they are included in decision making processes
- Complying with WHS legislative and regulatory requirements
- Establishing measureable WHS objectives and targets to ensure continuous improvement
aimed at the elimination of work related illnesses and injuries
- Offering training programs that involve and broaden worker skills, competence and WHS
awareness
- Allocating appropriate internal/external expertise and resources to maintain effective WHS
Management
- Resolving any WHS issues in a professional and timely manner
- Disseminating WHS information to all workers
- The effective implementation of this WHS Policy across all WHS.
b. Where would these policies be located?
WHS policies should be located on the regulations of a company that every employees from the
head management to the janitorial services could access them.
c. How could these policies be applied in the workplace?
In order to apply these WHS policies in the workplace, we encourage awareness through:
- Hazard, incident and near miss reporting, investigation and WHS event management
programs
- Talking about achievements and learning at all levels
 - Not compromising WHS values as it is integrated in all we do
- Encouraging people to take personal WHS responsibility and leadership regardless of
where they sit in the hierarchy
- Communicating good practice, setting clear expectations, standards and managing WHS
performance improvement
- Executive Management demonstrating visible WHS leadership
- Promoting off-the-job WHS and wellbeing practices.
d. Identify and describe the responsibilities of 4 duty holders
All management has responsibilities to:
- To ensure people undertaking work at/for/on behalf of WIS are not put at risk from the
works being carried out, where the risk (s) are reasonably foreseeable
- Develop, implement and monitor WHS policies, training and systems, ensuring appropriate
resources and investment
- Maintain and communicate performance/compliance expectations through effective
training and supervision
- Provide regular WHS communications to all people undertaking work at/for/on behalf of
WIS on general WHS matters and other organizational policies and procedures
- Ensure accurate and timely WHS reporting, planning and incident management
- Role model and encourage positive WHS practices
- Undertake our positive obligation to exercise due diligence to ensure that WIS complies
with its duties under WHS legislation and WIS policy commitments.
e. What are the profiles and expertise of human resources?
The profiles and expertise of human resources should:
- Rely on the integrity, knowledge, imagination, skill, diversity, teamwork and engagement
of employees
- Be dynamic, innovate and challenging
- Focus on develop multi-skilled employees
f. What are financial requirements?
Financial requirements include:
- Financial reporting requirements
- Investment dealer and mutual fund dealers
 - Working capital requirements
- Insurance and bonding requirements
g. Outline a strategy that can be used to ensure participatory arrangements are established
and maintained with workers and their representatives

In order to ensure participatory arrangements which are established and maintained with workers
and their representatives, WHS planning and administration should include four main parts
including hazard management, incident management, emergency procedures and injury
management. The commitment and leadership of management is required for any system to work.
Effective risk management starts with a commitment to health and safety from those who operate
and manage the business or undertaking. The commitment to WHS should be part of the plants
business plan. In order to meet the objective in the business plan WHS policy, programs and
procedures should be developed. There also needs the involvement and cooperation of workers,
and if the company shows the workers that it is serious about health and safety they are more likely
to follow your lead. To demonstrate the commitment, a company should:
- get involved in health and safety issues
- invest time and money in health and safety
- ensure health and safety responsibilities are clearly understood. Management should also
demonstrate their commitment through the allocation of human and financial resources to
WHS and promptly acting on WHS issues.
h. Identify ways of appropriate issue resolution raised through participation and consultation
arrangements
Meaningful and effective consultation processes are essential for the whole plant to work together
to achieve health and safety outcomes. The WHS Act requires that a company consult, so far as is
reasonably practicable, with workers who carry out work who are (or are likely to be) directly
affected by a work health and safety matter. If the workers are represented by a health and safety
representative (HRS), the consultation must involve that representative. Consultation involves
sharing of information, giving workers a reasonable opportunity to express views and taking those
views into account before making decisions on health and safety matters. Consultation with
workers and their health and safety representatives is required at each step of the risk management
process. By drawing on the experience, knowledge and ideas of workers a company is more likely
to identify all hazards and choose effective control measures.
i. How and when should information be provided regarding the outcome of participation and
consultation
Regarding to the outcome of participation and consultation, the information should be provided
directly through the notice from the human resources manager when the workers have an
individual meeting with their supervisors or a team meeting if the issues are general.
2. Hazards and Risks
a. What is a hazard?
A hazard is any source of potential damage, harm or adverse health effects on something or
someone under certain conditions at work. Basically, a hazard can cause harm or adverse effects
(to individuals as health effects or to organizations as property or equipment losses).
b. What is a risk?
Risk is the chance or probability that a person will be harmed or experience an adverse health
effect if exposed to a hazard. It may also apply to situations with property or equipment loss.
c. What is an associated risk?
For every hazard, there is an associated risk. For every risk there is an associated possibility (or
probability) of someone (or multiple of that) being hurt or worse.
d. Which procedure could you use for continuing hazard identification, hazard assessments
and risk control
Step 1: Identify Hazards
In general, hazards are likely to be found in the following:
- Physical work environment
- Equipment, materials or substances used
- Work tasks and how they are performed
- Work design and management
In order to identify hazards the following are recommended:
- Past incidents/accidents are examined to see what happened and whether the
incident/accident could occur again.
- Employees be consulted to find out what they consider are safety issues, I.e. ask workers
about hazards near misses they have encountered as part of their work. Sometimes a survey
or questionnaire can assist workers to provide information about workplace hazards.
- Work areas or work sites be inspected or examined to find out what is happening now.
Identified hazards should be documented to allow further action. The work environment,
tool and equipment as well as tasks and procedures should be examined for risks to WHS.
- Information about equipment (e.g. plant, operating instructions) and Material Safety Data
Sheets be reviewed to determine relevant safety precautions.
- Welcome creative thinking about what could go wrong takes place, i.e. what hazardous
event could take place here?
Step 2: Assess Risks
Risk assessment involves considering the possible results of someone being exposed to a hazard
and the likelihood of this occurring. A risk assessment assists in determining:
- How severe a risk is
- Whether existing control measures are effective
- What action should be taken to control a risk
- How urgently action needs to be taken.
A risk assessment should include:
- Identify factors that may be contributing to the risk,
- Review health and safety information that is reasonably available from an authoritative
source and is relevant to the particular hazard,
- Evaluation of how severe the harm could be. This includes looking at the types of
injuries/illnesses/harm/damage that can result from the hazard, the number of people
exposed, possible chain effects from exposure to this hazard.
- Evaluation of how a hazard may cause harm. This includes examining how work is
completed, whether existing control measures are in place and whether they control the
harm, looking at infrequent/abnormal situations as well as standard operating situations. A
chain of events related to a risk may need to be considered.
 - Determining the likelihood of harm occurring. The level of risk will increase as the
likelihood of harm and its severity increases. The likelihood of harm occurring may be
affected by how often the task is completed, in what conditions, how many people are
exposed to the hazard and for what duration.
- Identify the actions necessary to eliminate or control the risk; and
- Identify records that it is necessary to keep to ensure that the risks are eliminated or
controlled.
Other risk factors should also be identified as they may contribute to the risk: including
- The work premises and the working environment, including their layout and condition,
- The capability, skill, experience and age of people ordinarily undertaking work,
- The systems of work being used; and
- The range of reasonably foreseeable conditions
Step 3: Controlling Risks
Once a risk rating is determined, each hazard must have its existing risk control measures evaluated
using the Evaluation of Control Effectiveness Table. This allows for determination of any
additional requirement necessary.

Step 4: Implement additional risk controls

Having identified the hazards in your workplace, assessed their risks and reviewed the existing
controls, all hazards must be managed before people are hurt, become ill or there is damage to
plant, property or the environment. The management of risks in the workplace requires eliminating
risks so far as reasonably practicable in the first instance. Where elimination is not possible, then
risks should be minimized, so far as reasonably practicable. All hazards that have been assessed
should be dealt with in order of priority. The most effective control option/s should be selected to
eliminate or minimize risks. The Hierarchy of Controls ranks control options from highest level of
protection and reliability to lowest. This should be used to determine the most effective control/s.
Step 5: Monitor and Review
Hazard identification, risk assessment and control is an on-going process. Therefore, regularly
review the effectiveness of your hazard assessment and control measures. Make sure that you
undertake a hazard and risk assessment when there is a change to the workplace including when
work systems, tools, machinery or equipment change. Provide additional supervision when new
employees with reduced skill levels or knowledge are introduced to the workplace. The
effectiveness of control measures can be checked through regular reviews as well as consultation
with workers.
e. Explain why it is important to include hazard identification at the planning, design and
evaluation stage of any change to the workplace
The main reason why it is necessary to include hazard identification at the planning, design and
evaluation stage of any change to the workplace is to identify and evaluate potential risks at the
beginning. Hence, a company could prepare back-up solution to avoid potential risks or problems
occurring during operation time.
f. What is the hierarchy of control?

Level 1 Control Measures Eliminate the Hazard

The most effective control measures eliminate the hazard and associated risks. This can be
achieved through removing the hazard or selecting alternate products or equipment to eliminate
the risk. If a hazard cannot be eliminated then risks can be minimized by lower control measures
Level 2 Control Measures
These are used to minimize the risks and involve on or a combination of the following;
- Substitute the hazard: substitute a substance, method or material to reduce the risk or the
hazard
- Isolate the hazard: separate the hazard from the workplace or people,
- Use engineering controls: modify existing machinery or plant or purchase different
machinery or plant to provide a physical solution.
Level 3 Control Measures
These are control options which should be considered last as they do not control the source of the
hazard but rely on human behavior or supervision and are therefore less effective. They include:
- Administrative Procedures: develop work methods or procedures to reduce the conditions
of risk
- Use Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and training in its use: offer the lowest level of
protection and should only be used as a last resort to deal with the hazard, where the hazard
cannot be removed or reduced by any other means
g. Develop a procedure for selecting and implementing risk controls for inadequacies
(include reference to the hierarchy of control and WHS advice outside of the workplace?
Procedures to identify, access and control risks should be implemented, in consultation with
employees:
- When preparing to use new premises for a work activity
- When planning work processes
- Before installing, commissioning or erecting equipment or machinery
- Whenever changes are made to:
+ The workplace
+ The system or method of work
+ The equipment or machinery used
+ The chemicals used
- Whenever new information regarding work processes becomes available
 - When new legislation or standards are introduced
h. Where could you seek expert WHS advice outside of the workplace
For more advices for WHS, a company could find support from some consultant institute such as
Stack Masula with a team of WHS professionals which could provide understanding of obligations
under WHS regulations and provide the necessary systems, training and advice to manage a
companys WHS on an ongoing basis.
3. Deliver an induction session to your workplace
3.1.Identification of required WHS competencies
The head of the Organizational Unit or delegate is to ensure that the required WHS competencies
(skills, knowledge, experience and qualifications) for staff within the Organizational Unit are
identified and documented in Position Descriptions. This process is undertaken in consultation
with managers/supervisors and staff. A WHS Training - Functional Analysis Form is available to
assist with this process
3.2.Identification of WHS training needs
The head of the Organizational Unit, or delegate, is to ensure that:
- work health and safety license, certificate and other WHS related qualification details are
recorded for each new staff member either prior to or during induction;
- awareness of emergency procedures, numbers, and contacts is built;
- the WHS training and development needs of new staff are assessed during the induction
process and again on completion of the probationary period; and
- identified WHS training needs are recorded.
3.3.Training and development plan
The head of the Organizational Unit or delegate and manager/ supervisor in their area of
responsibility are to ensure that:
- WHS training and development needs are identified and where practicable addressed by
the Organizational Unit;
- identified training needs that are more effectively delivered centrally are communicated to
the WHS Unit; Staff Induction & Training - Work Health and Safety Procedure 4 Staff
Induction & Training - Work Health and Safety Procedure
- time and resources are allocated to ensure personnel attend WHS training; and
- WHS program suitability and effectiveness is reviewed.
The WHS Unit is to ensure that:
- WHS training needs are included in the planning process;
- a WHS training program is prepared annually;
- training and development is provided for in a WHS budget;
- training programs are delivered in a timely and cost effective manner;
- training is monitored and reviewed to ensure quality of content and delivery;
- training records are maintained; and
- appropriate access is provided to WHS training records.
3.4.Training program
The WHS Unit is responsible for the development, implementation and maintenance of a range of
training programs. This includes training for:
- Officers, managers and supervisors, workers and volunteers;
- Health and Safety Representatives;
- Hazardous Chemical Coordinators
- Radiation Safety Officers
- Continuous Self-Assessment (CSA) Assessors
3.5.Training Delivery
The WHS Unit is responsible for developing and implementing a University-wide WHS Training
Program which includes:
- Reviewing identified WHS training needs and training requests;
- developing, publishing and updating the WHS training calendar;
- arranging the delivery of training programs;
- recording attendance and evaluating training delivery;
- generating training reports; and
- Filing and recording attendance and evaluation records.
Assessment 1

Workplace chosen : Australian Hardware

A. Access workplace documents and analyze their current policies and procedures on
work health and safety (WHS).

Australian Hardware is headquartered in Sydney, NSW. The business owns

and operates 138 stores throughout Australia. Australian Hardware supplies
hardware and home improvement products and provide expert advice and service.
The mission statement of Australian Hardware is to provide the best quality
hardware, homewares, garden supplies and building materials from Australia and the
world. Australian Hardware is committed to providing customers and tradespeople
with value through everyday low prices, product quality, expert service, community
engagement and environmental responsibility.

Management is responsible for consultation with employees regarding health

and safety and changes to legislation and working practices which may affect the
workplace, providing and maintaining a safe and healthy environment for work,
providing support, training and supervision to employees to ensure a safe and
healthy workplace and the provision of adequate resources for employees to meet
health and safety management system targets.

Whereas, individual employees are responsible for following all workplace

health and safety policies and procedures, ensuring that they report all potential and
actual risks to managers, taking care to proect their own health and safety and that of
their colleagues at work, ensuring their own, or others health and safety is not
adversely affected by the consumption of drugs and alcohol and encouraging others
to follow healthy and safe working practices in the workplace.
 B. Compare them with WHS Acts, regulations and codes of practice.

WHS provides a framework to protect the health, safety and welfare of all workers at
work. Workplace Health and Safety (WHS) is the discipline concerned with protecting the
health and safety of all stakeholders in the workplace from exposure to hazards and risks
resulting from work activities.
 Hazard communication Material Data Safety Sheets Lock Out

Blood-borne pathogens Protection for workers exposed to blood

Personal protective equipment (PPE) Hazard analysis

Cumulative stress disorders (TDs) Protection from muscle and skeletal

injuries

Work assignments Protection for reproductive health and

refusal to perform unsafe work

`
C. Develop WHS guidelines
WHS criteria
1 Provision of WHS Acts,
regulation and codes of practice
2 How to provide WHS policies,
procedures and programs to the
work team
3 How to apply consultation
procedures to facilitate
participation of work teams in
managing work area hazards
Guidelines
The Work Health and Safety Act 2011 provides a
framework to protect the health, safety and welfare of
all workers at work. It also protects the health and safety
of all other people who might be affected by the work.
Codes of practice:
Protecting workers and other persons
against harm to their, safety and welfare
through the elimination or minimisation of
risks arising from work or from specified
types of substances or plant.
Providing for fair and effective workplace
representation, consultation, cooperation
and issue resolution in relation to work
health and safety.
Encouraging unions and employer
organisations to take a constructive role in
promoting improvements in work health
and safety practices, and assisting persons
and conducting businesses or undertakings
and works to achieve a healthier and safer
working environment
Securing compliance with this Act through
effective and appropriate compliance and
enforcement measures
Promoting the provision of advice,
information, education and training in
relation to work health and safety
1. identifying hazards find out what could cause
harm
2. assess the risks if necessary understand and
analyse the potential of the harm that could be
caused by the hazard, how serious the harm could
be and the likelihood of it happening
3. control risks implement the most effective
control measure that is reasonably practicable in
the circumstances, and
4. review control measures to ensure they are
working as planned.
sending out regular newsletters via mail
regularly updating the volunteer section of its
notice board

4 How to act on WHS related issues
raised through consultation
5 How to record and communicate
outcomes of consultation over
WHS issues
6 How to identify WHS training
needs of work teams
having a suggestions email box for workers,
including volunteers to send suggestions to about
ways to work safely and other matters
holding regular meetings to talk to volunteers
holding short toolbox talks
1. If the health and safety representative informed
of a safety issue or problem, the health and
safety representative may seek advice from the
WHS Unit before contacting the supervisor.
2. If, within 5 working days or less, the supervisor
and representative can settle the concerns
raised, the matter is then regarded as
satisfactorily resolved at the local level.
3. If, however, the representative and the
supervisor cannot satisfactorily resolve the
issue, the representative should refer the issue
involved to the senior manager responsible for
the workplace in question.
4. If no satisfactory resolution can be reached, the
health and safety representative should take the
issue up.
- Informal record
Such as a response to a request through the
suggestion box or an issue that was raised in an
informal discussion
- Communicate through WHS meetings
A WHS meeting is a forum to discuss concerns.
Minutes should be taken to ensure a record is
kept of the issues raised and discussed, the
recommendations made and who is responsible
for actioning them.
- To identify the current performance
- quality decreasing
- production targets not being met
- increasing mistakes
- complaints from customers
- complaints from members of staff
- conflict between employees
- workplace injuries.
7 How you are going to make
arrangements to meet WHS
training needs
8 How to provide workplace learning
opportunities including coaching
and mentoring assistance to
individuals of work teams
9 How to allocate financial resources
including training costs
- Analyse the workplace
the working environment
the activities that people are expected to
perform at work
- Assess the current approach to health and
safety at work
selection and recruitment procedures
the way jobs are designed
the way equipment and tools are selected
the way work procedures are designed and
managed
- Analyse jobs
This means studying a job and identifying all the
tasks, equipment, materials, work processes and
the associated hazards.
- Forecast job changes
This means making predictions about the way
jobs may change and how changes may affect
the health and safety of staff.
providing advice or responding to a question
(increasing knowledge)
demonstrating techniques (improving skills)
addressing shortcomings in their approach (adjusting
attitudes and providing a safer work environment).
While knowing about the different options is essential,
to make an informed choice you also need to identify:
the employees learning needs
how the learning fits in with the organisations goals
the benefits of the program to both the learner and
the organisation
the training budget available
the appropriate timing for the learner to undertake
the activity
Down budgeting
Top management outline figures and available budget
for middle and lower level managers to plan their work
and costs around.
Bottomup budgeting,
Lower and middle level managers anticipate their
department resource needs and put these into a budget,
then passed up to the management.
10 How to report arrangements to DSO to keep records of safety inspections, accident
the management report forms, training and Risk Assessments. These
records are in general kept on the RiskNet system.

Assessment Task 2

1. Analyse the simulated workplace in terms of their business type, work

activities and stakeholder involvement

Australian Hardware is headquartered in Sydney, NSW. The business owns and operates
138 stores throughout Australia. Australian Hardware supplies hardware and home improvement
products and provide expert advice and service.

Management is responsible for consultation with employees regarding health and safety and
changes to legislation and working practices which may affect the workplace, providing and
maintaining a safe and healthy environment for work, providing support, training and supervision
to employees to ensure a safe and healthy workplace and the provision of adequate resources for
employees to meet health and safety management system targets.

Whereas, individual employees are responsible for following all workplace health and safety
policies and procedures, ensuring that they report all potential and actual risks to managers,
taking care to proect their own health and safety and that of their colleagues at work, ensuring
their own, or others health and safety is not adversely affected by the consumption of drugs and
alcohol and encouraging others to follow healthy and safe working practices in the workplace.

2. Based on the guidelines you have developed in assessment task 1, you are
required to determine the work activities carried out in day-to-day operation,
and identify hazards under following categories at least three of each.
a. Physical hazards
b. Psycho-social hazards
c. Biological hazards
d. Chemical hazards
e. Ergonomics hazards and
f. Environmental hazards

Work activities Hazards

- Biological hazards
Cleaning oil based paint and varnish
- Chemical hazards
- Physical hazards
 - Environmental hazards
- Psycho-social hazards
Carry heavy things like chains and
- Physical hazards
hammer
- Ergonomics hazards
- Physical hazards
Placing heave stuffs
- Psycho-social hazards
- Environmental hazards

3. Assess the risks levels for each hazard should they occur.
Hazard Identified Hazard Likelihood Impact Risk Risk
category (Any specific area, equipment, A. Highly likely 1. Major Rating category
situation and/or activity that has B. Likely 2. Moderate (L1, L2, High
the potential to cause harm, C. Unlikely 3. Minor M3,
injury, illness to workers or
Medium
M4,H6,
damage to property) H9)
Law
Physical unguarded machinery B 1 H6 High
1
hazards

Psycho-social Checking stock with the B 2 M4 Medium

2
hazards flammable stocks around

The chemical substances A 1 L1 medium

Biological
3 used that may be corrosive
hazards
and radioactive

Chemical Aerosols and gas cartridge A 1 L1 Low

4
hazards

Ergonomics Carry heavy things like A 2 L2 Low

5
hazards and chains and hammers

Fire due to the chemical B 1 L2 Low

Environmental
6 reaction with the
hazards
temperature surrounding
4. Provide treatments for respective risk levels by using hierarchy of risk control.
Risk Treatment Plan
Hazard Identified Hazard Risk Risk control plan
category Rating
(List and briefly explain any specific area, equipment, (Using hierarchy of risk control i.e. Eliminate/substitute/isolate/engineer
situation and/or activity that has the potential to cause (L1, L2, M3, / administration/ personal protection - explain here very specific action to
harm, injury, illness to workers or damage to property) M4,H6, H9) be taken to treat the risk)

unguarded machinery H6
Physical Elimination - Sometimes hazards - equipment, substances or work
1 practices - can be avoided entirely. For example, provide a schedule
hazards
of official maintenance and held a workshop for staff to familiar the
machine
Checking stock with the flammable stocks around M4
Isolation - Separate the hazard from people, by marking the
hazardous area, fitting screens or putting up safety barriers. For
Psycho-social example, welding screens can be used to isolate welding operations
2 from other workers. Barriers and/or boundary lines can be used to
hazards
separate areas where forklifts operate near pedestrians in the
workplace.

The chemical substances used that may be L1 Substitution - Sometimes a less hazardous thing, substance or work
Biological corrosive and radioactive practice can be used. For example, use a non-toxic glue instead of a
3
hazards
toxic glue.

Chemical Aerosols and gas cartridge L1

4 Engineering/Safeguards - Safeguards can be added by modifying
hazards tools or equipment, or fitting guards to machinery. These must never
be removed or disabled by workers using the equipment.
 Carry heavy things like chains and hammers L2
Using personal protective equipment and clothing (PPE) - If risks
remain after the options have been tried, it may be necessary to use
Ergonomics
5 equipment such as safety glasses, gloves, helmets and ear muffs. PPE
hazards and can protect you from hazards associated with jobs such as handling
chemicals or working in a noisy environment.

Fire due to the chemical reaction with the L2

Administration/Instructing workers in the safest way to do
temperature surrounding something - This means developing and enforcing safe work
Environmental procedures. Students on work experience must be given information
6
hazards and instruction and must follow agreed procedures to ensure their
safety.
 5. Explain how you would report on inadequacies of existing control measures
and how you would monitor outcomes on inadequacies and take prompt actions.

Hazards in the workplace may be reported in a number of ways:

a verbal report to a supervisor

completing a Hazard Report form
raising the issue at a staff meeting.

Monitor outcomes :
Implement hazard control plan.
Promptly implement any measures that are easy and inexpensive like general housekeeping,
removal of obvious tripping hazards.

.
 Hazard Identified Hazard
category
(Any specific area,
equipment, situation
and/or activity that has the
potential to cause harm,
injury, illness to workers or
damage to property)
Risk Risk control plan Inadequacy treatment Monitoring actions
Rating
(Using hierarchy of risk control i.e. (Explain what further (Explain how you ensure the control
(L1, L2, Eliminate/substitute/isolate/engineer actions are necessary to measures are in place as implemented)
M3, / administration/ personal protection
control residual risks)
M4,H6, - explain here very specific action to
H9) be taken to treat the risk)

unguarded H6 Elimination - Sometimes hazards - Scheduled maintenance is Active monitoring

equipment, substances or work
machinery
practices - can be avoided entirely.
Physical
1 For example, provide a schedule of
hazards
official maintenance and held a
workshop for staff to familiar the
machine
needed to keep the quality
of the machione
installation of the requisite
monitoring equipment and
assessment of its accuracy and
reliability

Checking stock with M4 People skills are necessary Active monitoring

Isolation - Separate the hazard
the flammable stocks to fully appreciate,
from people, by marking the
around hazardous area, fitting screens or recognize, evaluate and analysis and records of the
Psycho- putting up safety barriers. For monitoring data collected
control psychosocial
2 social example, welding screens can be
hazards used to isolate welding operations disorders..
from other workers. Barriers and/or
boundary lines can be used to
separate areas where forklifts
operate near pedestrians in the
workplace.
 The chemical L1 Substitution - Sometimes a less Practice good personal Reactive monitoring

substances used that hazardous thing, substance or work hygiene.

Biological A system of internal reporting of
3 practice can be used. For example,
hazards may be corrosive and all accidents and incidents.
use a non-toxic glue instead of a
radioactive
toxic glue.

Aerosols and gas L1 1. Change process to Reactive monitoring

cartridge Engineering/Safeguards - minimize contact with
Safeguards can be added by modifying hazardous chemicals. The organisation should establish
Chemical tools or equipment, or fitting guards to
4 procedures for investigating accidents
hazards machinery. These must never be
removed or disabled by workers using and incidents.
the equipment.

Carry heavy things like L2 Use trolley to carry heavy Active monitoring
chains and hammers Using personal protective things.
equipment and clothing (PPE) - If
risks remain after the options have To monitor specific objectives weekly,
been tried, it may be necessary to use monthly or quarterly reports
Ergonomics equipment such as safety glasses,
5
hazards gloves, helmets and ear muffs. PPE
can protect you from hazards
associated with jobs such as handling
chemicals or working in a noisy
environment.

Fire due to the chemical L2 Substitute dangerous Reactive monitoring

Environment reaction with the Administration/Instructing workers chemicals, equipment or work
6
al hazards in the safest way to do something -
temperature surrounding This means developing and enforcing methods with safer ones.
safe work procedures. Students on
work experience must be given reviewing the Risk Assessments to
information and instruction and must which the accident relates
follow agreed procedures to ensure
their safety.
Task 2

Conduct a review of the scenario provided in Appendix 1.

Based on the scenario, the work space have so many computers around the office, power extension cables
occasionally become loose and end up lying on the floor of the hallway. Cords, cables and wires can be serious
tripping hazards and since wires carry electricity, they pose a shock and fire hazard, too.

As we can see in the scenario, tripping is likely to happened with cables lying on the floor. Running an
electrical cord across a traffic path is asking for trouble. Employees and customers alike could trip and injure
themselves on a cord. If they dont end up injured, their trip could pull a computer, monitor or other expensive
piece of equipment off a desk or counter.

As a team leader, who witnessed the senior administrator tripped on a cable and sprained her wrist on
impact, the team leader should take action for this problem. The team leader must ensure:

power circuits are protected by appropriately rated fuses or circuit breakers

circuits where portable equipment may be connected

if any current protective device is triggered, the system is not re-energised until the reason has been

identified by a competent person

labeled the equipment that is disconnected or isolated

Complete an incident report for the hazard that is involved in the scenario (use
the form in Appendix 2). You may need to create names and additional
information as necessary to fill-in the form.

PERSONAL DETAILS

Family Name: Stephen Bovie Other Name: Mary

Contact Phone No: (w) +61 123 778 (h - if injured) 02 5566 7989
990

Occupation: Sales assistant Gender: M F

Staff employment status: Full-time Part-time Casual

Contractor Visitor

Division/Department: Sales department

C. INCIDENT DETAILS

Date of incident: 8/4/2017 Time of incident: 11.41 AM / PM

Location where incident occurred: At the sales department main office besides
the second table of second row with so many cables on the floor

Briefly describe what happened: The sales assistant want to pass a file to the
colleagues whose tale at the end of the second row, she was reviewing the
file contents, while passing through the cables which are not noticeable, she
tripped on the cables and fell on the floor and her head knocked on the
chairs beside.

This incident resulted in:

Injury No injury Near miss

Property damage Hazard identified

The incident was reported to (Supervisor):

Name of Supervisor: Blake _____________________ Date: _9/4/2017________

D. INJURY/DAMAGE DETAILS

If an injury was sustained, what part of the body was affected or if damage to
property occurred what was damaged?

Head and wrist injured due to the fall and impact. No property damaged.

MEDICAL TREATMENT

If MEDICAL EXPENSES or LOST TIME is incurred, a Workers Compensation

Claim form must be completed and forwarded to OHSW & IM Services as soon as
possible.

Do you intend to seek medical treatment? Yes No

 Do you intend to lodge a claim for workers compensation? Yes No

Has any time been lost from work? (More than 1 complete Yes No
shift)

If so, have you returned to work? Yes No

Have/will medical expenses been No Uncertain at this

incurred? Yes time

Were there witnesses? If so, name of Contact Phone: +61 287 699 878
witness(s): Suzie Soo

Employee signature: SUZIE Date: 9/4/2017

DESCRIBE IN DETAIL WHAT OCCURED

It is the responsibility of the Supervisor/Line Manager to complete this section in

consultation with the injured staff member.

Please describe the events and contributing factors that led to the incident:
Based on the scenario, the work space have so many computers around the office, power extension cables
occasionally become loose and end up lying on the floor of the hallway. Cords, cables and wires can be
serious tripping hazards and since wires carry electricity, they pose a shock and fire hazard, too. Extension
cords must be used with care and ideally should not be used in place of permanent wiring. Please evaluate
any extension cords used in your work area. Eliminate them if possible and if not make sure they do not
create a tripping hazard, are in good condition and the right size for the appliances that are plugged into
them. Ideally, extension cords should be viewed as very temporary and never used where there is heavy foot
or other traffic.

HOW DO COULD THIS CAN BE PREVENTED FROM HAPPENING AGAIN?

The Supervisor/Line Manager is to complete this section in consultation with the injured
staff member and the Health & Safety Representative (if applicable)
Suggestions to avoid recurrence of this incident/accident:

Run the cord along the ceiling or run the cord along the wall

Name of H&S representative, if consulted: Blob Cool

ACTION PLAN

Note: From the previous section list the actions required to prevent this happening again.

Action to prevent recurrence Person Action Cost of Sign off

(Do not leave blank) responsible taken action completed
for action (signature
required)
Power circuits are protected by
Technician- Built rated fuses and 90$ James
appropriately rated fuses or circuit
circuit breakers
breakers James

Assessing the risks of slips, trips

HR Manager Survey the environment - Moo
and falls
Christ Moo and point the possible
trip hazard

Electrical leads are not

Ensure no electrical wires lying Supervisor - Kiss
arranged so that they
across floors
Brick Kiss are easily damaged,
run across floors or
doorways, or over
sharp edges

Circuits where portable

Renovate the circuit system Office 165$ Krissy
equipment may be
manager-
connected are
Krissy kick protected by RCDs

Label the equipment

Enhance the electrical wires Office 100$ Krissy
identified as unsafe
manager-
Krissy Kick
 Referred to Line Manager Placed issue on local action plan
Consulted employees Advised Senior Manager
Advised OHSW Services CSR raised, referred to FMU

Feedback provided to affected person on outcome

Is rehabilitation required? Rehabilitation consultant advised

Yes Date: 11/4/2017
No

Name of Supervisor: Cassey Lee Contact Phone Number: +61 289 776 445

Date: 11/4/2017
Signed: cassey

Add Roses incident from the scenario to the aggregated data sheet (see
Appendix 3).

Incident Cause Type Who When

Slip/Trip Cables on floor MTI Bob 13/07

Muscle pull Lifting paper MTI Jane 18/07

Muscle pull Moving bins FAI Nihal 30/08

Bullying Project deadline LTI Laszlo 15/09

Stress Project deadlines LTI Greg 17/09

Slip/Trip Cables on floor NMI Bob 01/10

Cut Cut finer on broken glass FAI Rita 02/10

Slip/Trip Cables on floor FAI Rosie 04/10

FAI first aid incidents

MTI medical treatment injury
LTI lost time injury
LTIFR lost time injury frequency rate
NM near miss

Collect data relating to the hazard (Appendix 3).

 Analyse the data above and suggest what you will need to focus on during
the Safety Action Meeting.

The responsibilities of each members and the process to reduce the incident and

discuss the solution to avoid the incident happen again. Also, review the pass incidents

to identify the problem.

Translate that data into a graph.

Graph the data from the table above.

7
6
5
4
3
2
1
Number of Incidents

FAI MTI LTI LTIFR NM

Incident
Conduct a safety inspection of your work area with regards to that hazard (see
Appendix 4).
Criteria N/A Yes No Comments

EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

Designated emergency persons details The person has to be
are posted including: responsible and lend help as
incident happens.
OHS Rep?
fire warden?
first aid person?

Instructions posted for calling emergency -
services?

Is the site plan on display? Should be displayed.

Are emergency evacuation Signpost should be sticked on
muster/assembly areas signposted? the wall.

Have all staff been inducted and trained in Training should induct by
emergency procedures? manager.

All workers are responsible to
Entry and exit doors are marked and free
keep entry and exit doors
of clutter?
clean.

All workers are responsible to

Emergency exit routes and aisles and
keep exit routes and aisles and
corridors are free of clutter?
corridors doors clean.

Are fire extinguishers provided and -
maintained?

Have personnel on site been trained in Training should be
the use of fire extinguishers? implemented.

First aid kit stocked to contents list? -

First aid supplies replenished? -

HOUSEKEEPING

Washroom, toilet clean and tidy? -

Cleaning staff should not
slacked off anytime and
Kitchen, eating area clean and tidy? restaurant manager should
always inspect kitchen and
dining area

Cleaning staff should not
slacked off anytime and
Floors clean, dry and in good condition? restaurant manager should
always inspect kitchen and
dining area
Criteria N/A Yes No Comments

Cables running on floors, and
Desks and work areas tidy? socket are old and possible fire
hazards would happen

Rubbish bins sufficient? -

Rubbish cleared regularly? -

Rubbish bins are sufficient but
recycle bins should be provided
Recycling bins sufficient?
sufficiently to improve
workplace recycling

Recycling bins cleared regularly? -

All workers are responsible to
Are aisles and areas around workstations
keep exit routes and area and
free of clutter?
corridors doors clean

ERGONOMICS

Some are old and should be
Furniture is fit for purpose?
replenished

Office chairs have five supports? -

Furniture is adjustable for keyboard Some are broken but
operators? management did not take
action to renew
straight back
forearms parallel to the floor
upper legs parallel to the floor

Footrests can ease leg
Footrests provided where necessary? problems and lessen lower
back issues

Document supports provided? Provided sufficiently

Computer screens positioned to avoid Ensure privacy concerns
glare?

Work stations and equipment positioned -
to:
reduce manual handling?
reduce repetitive handling?
improve work flow?

HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES
Criteria N/A Yes No Comments

Are all chemicals, including liquid fuels, This is very important to avoid
properly labelled, stored and signposted? chemical hazards

Absorbents can help prevent
Spill kits available?
the high cost of slips and falls

It is an essential starting point
MSDSs readily available for hazardous for the development of a
substances? complete health and safety
program

Register maintained? -

PPE (for hazardous areas)

Is safety signage accurate? -

Should be placed at the right
Is safety signage displayed correctly?
place

Are safety glasses worn when required? It is provided sufficiently

Is high visibility clothing provided where
It is provided sufficiently
required?

OTHER

Do every worker know the proper logout It is important to help prevent
procedure? serious injuries, but only if
those procedures are followed.

Provide annual employee training on Managers should responsible
Hazard Communication program with on giving training for every
documentation? worker on Hazard
Communication program.
 Construction Work & Safety Notes

Tut week 3 Preventing falls

Who has health and safety duties in relation to falls?
A person conducting a business or undertaking has the primary duty
PCBU obligations:
ensure that any work involving the risk of a fall is carried out on the ground or on
a solid construction
provide safe means of access to and exit from the workplace, and
provide adequate protection against the risk of falls.

WHS have activities that are classified as high risk construction work. These
must have a Safe Work Method Statement (SWMS). E.g. falling more than 2
meters.
Designers, manufacturers, suppliers, importers and installers of plant or structure.
Must ensure that plant or structure is without risks to health and safety.
Officers: have to exercise due diligence to ensure WHS act and regulations.
Workers: ensure their own health and safety.
What is required to manage the risk of falls?
Regulation 297: PCBU must manage risks associated with the carrying out of
construction work.
Regulation 34-38: To manage risk under the WHS Regulations, a duty holder
must:
identify hazards that could give rise to the risk
eliminate/minimise the risk so far as is reasonably practicable by implementing
control measures in accordance with the hierarchy of risk control
maintain the implemented control measure so that it remains effective, and
review / revise all risk control measures to maintain a work environment that is
without risks to health and safety.
Consulting workers (express views and taking them into account)
 - WHS act requires consultation with workers who are directly affected by
WH&S matter.
- If representative is avaible, consultation happens with him/her.
- Consultation must happen at every step of the risk management.
Consulting co-operating and co-ordinating activities with other duty holders
- WHS act requires this with all other people who have WH&S duty in
relation to same matter.
- Each duty holder doing same activity or sharing workplace have to
exchange information to find out who is doing what and work together in
co-operative and c-ordinated way to eliminate/minimize risks.

Hierarchy of control:
Level 1 controls: carry risky work on ground or solid construction. E.g. fixed
handrails on stairs or guardrails on flat roofs.
Surfaces of a solid construction should be non-slip and free from trip hazards
and traps.
Edge protection should be provided to prevent a person falling over edges of
a solid construction.
Every solid construction must have safe and suitable means of entry and exit

Level 2 control: carry out work using fall prevention device e.g. temporary
work platforms.
Scaffolds are a common means of providing a safe platform for working at
height. They are rated as light(225kg per day) , medium (450kg per day) and
heavy duty (675kg per day).
Trestle scaffolds
Trestle scaffolds are generally not suitable for working at 2 metres or above. If
they are used at heights greater than 2 metres, guardrailing should be used so
as to prevent persons from falling off the open side or end of the work
platform

48
 Level 3 controls: carry out work using work positioning program e.g. travel
restraint system.

Level 4 controls: carry out work using fall arrest system.

Level 5 implement administrative controls if risk remains after all listen
controls above.

Regulation 37: Fall protection measures must also be:

fit for purpose
suitable for the nature and duration of the work
set up and used correctly

Determining what is reasonably practicable includes:

Severity of the hazard or risk how likely? How serious injury?
State of knowledge what is known about the hazard?
Availability and suitability of ways to eliminate or minimize the risk are
protection measures available?
The cost of removing or mitigating the hazard costs of
elimimation/minimization?
Training, information, instruction and supervision
Section 19: A PCBU must provide any information, instruction training or
supervision necessary to protect all persons from risks to their health and
safety arising from work carried out.

49
 Regulation 317: A PCBU must not allow a worker to carry out construction
work unless the worker has successfully completed general construction
induction training.

Fall-arrest systems
- Catch platforms: temporary platform below work area to catch workers if
they fall.
- Individual fall-arrest systems (IFAS)
- Safety nets
Portable ladders:
Any ladder used at a workplace should be set up on a surface that is solid and
stable, and set up so as to prevent the ladder from slipping.
Working from open floor joists is an unacceptable work practice for any task.
Safe erection methods for roof trusses
no person works closer than 1.5 metres to an external wall, including gable end
walls
no person is exposed to the risk of a fall into a stairwell or other void
planks are adequately supported across their spans.

Tut week 4 Demolition

What is demolition work?
Any work that is connected with the demolition of a structure is classified as
construction work under the WHS Regulations. When carrying out demolition
work, the requirements relating to construction work must be complied with.
Demolition work means to demolish or dismantle a structure or part of a
structure that is load-bearing or otherwise related to the physical integrity of the
structure, but does not include:

50
 the dismantling of formwork, falsework, scaffolding or other structures
designed or used to provide support, access or containment during
construction work, or
the removal of power, light or telecommunication poles.

Who has health and safety duties in relation to demolition work?

A PCBU has the primary duty to ensure, workers and other persons are not
exposed to health and safety risks arising from the business.
These duties include:
preparing a SWMS for the proposed work, or ensuring a SWMS has already
been prepared by another person, before any high risk construction work
commences
obtaining a copy of the asbestos register for the workplace before demolition
work is carried out

if there is no asbestos register, you must

o not carry out the work until the structure or plant has been inspected to
determine whether asbestos or asbestos containing materials (ACM) are
fixed to or installed in the structure or plant
o ensure that the determination is undertaken by a competent person
ensure that all asbestos that is likely to be disturbed by the demolition work is
removed before the demolition commences.

A principal contractor for a construction project has additional duties under the
WHS Regulations
Designers must ensure that the structure is without risks to health and safety.
Officers, such as company directors, have a duty to exercise due diligence.
Workers have a duty to take reasonable care for their own health and safety.

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 What is required to manage the risks associated with demolition work?
Identify
Eliminate / minimise
Maintain implemented control
Review / revise control measures

Consultation (same as previous Tut).

Assessing the risk
. It will help to:
identify which workers are at risk of exposure
determine what sources and processes are causing that risk
identify if and what kind of control measures should be implemented, and
check the effectiveness of existing control measures.
When assessing the risks associated with demolition work, consider the following:
the structure to be demolished and its structural integrity
the method of demolition including its sequencing
the scheduling of the work
the layout of the workplace including whether there are fall hazards both for
people and objects
what plant and equipment will be used and the skill and experience required
by the people who will use it safely
what exposures might occur, for example to noise or ultraviolet (UV) rays
the number of people involved, and
local weather conditions.

Hierarchy of control measures:

Substitution for example using a mechanical demolition method rather than
a manual method, if it is safer

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 Isolation for example use concrete barriers to separate pedestrians and
powered mobile plant to reduce the risk of collision, and
Engineering controls for example fitting an open cab excavator with a falling
objects protective structure to minimise the risk of being struck by a falling
object.
Any remaining risk must be minimised with suitable personal protective
equipment (PPE),

Notifiable demolition work

Regulation 142: A person conducting a business or undertaking who proposes to
carry out the following demolition work must give written notice to the regulator
at least 5 days before any of the following work commences:
demolition of a structure, or a part of a structure that is load bearing or
otherwise related to the physical integrity of the structure, that is at least 6
metres in height
demolition work involving load shifting machinery on a suspended floor, or
demolition work involving explosives.
Principal contractor
Where the value of construction work is $250 000 or more, the construction
work is considered a construction project for which additional duties apply to
the principal contractor.
The principal contractor has a range of duties in relation to a construction project
including:
preparing and reviewing a WHS management plan
obtaining SWMS before any high risk construction work commences
putting in place arrangements to manage the work environment including falls,
facilities, first aid, an emergency plan and traffic management
installing signs showing the principal contactors name, contact details and
location of any site office, and
securing the construction workplace.

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 Designers
Section 22: Designers must ensure,that the structure is designed to be without
risks to the health and safety of persons in relation to the proper demolition or
disposal of the structure.
Regulation 295: The designer of a structure or any part of a structure that is to be
constructed must give the person conducting a business or undertaking who
commissioned the design a written report that specifies the hazards associated
with the design of the structure that, so far as the designer is reasonably aware:
create a risk to the health or safety of persons who are to carry out
construction work on the structure or part, and
are associated only with the particular design and not with other designs of the
same type
of structure.

Safe Work Method Statements

If the demolition work is or involves high risk construction work, a person
conducting a business
or undertaking must prepare a SWMS before the work starts. The SWMS must:
identify the type of high risk construction work being done
specify the health and safety hazards and risks arising from that work
describe how the risks will be controlled
describe how the control measures will be implemented, monitored and
reviewed, and
be developed in consultation with workers and their representatives who are
carrying out the high risk construction work.
For example, demolition work might involve
a number of types of high risk construction work including work that:

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 involves a risk of a person falling more than 2 metres
involves, or is likely to involve, the disturbance of asbestos
involves structural alterations or repairs that require temporary support to
prevent collapse
is carried out on or near a confined space
involves the use of explosives
is carried out on or near pressurised gas distribution mains or piping
is carried out on or near chemical, fuel or refrigerant lines
is carried out on or near energised electrical installations or services, and
is carried out at a workplace in which there is any movement of powered
mobile plant.

Asbestos registers and licensing

Regulation 422(1)(2b), 425(1): A person with management or control of a
workplace must ensure so far as is reasonably practicable, that all asbestos or
asbestos-containing material at the workplace (or assumed present) is identified
by a competent person and an asbestos register is prepared for the workplace.
The asbestos register must be kept up-to-date.
Regulation 458: A person conducting a business or undertaking that commissions
the removal
of asbestos must ensure that the asbestos removal work is carried out by a
licensed asbestos removalist who is appropriately licensed to carry out the work,
unless specified in the WHS Regulations that a licence is not required.
- Licensing:
Class A : any amount of frible/non-friable asbestos, ACM and ACD.
Class B : non-frible asbestos or ACM.
No licence: up to 10m2 non-friable asbestos or ACM.

Adjacent or adjoining buildings

No part of the demolition process should adversely affect the structural integrity
of any other building. Consideration may be given to the use of shoring and

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underpinning and to the effects
of changes in soil conditions as a result of the demolition work.
Essential services
One of the most important elements of pre-demolition planning is the location
and disconnection
of all essential services.

Underground essential services

Regulation 304: Where there are underground essential services that may be
disturbed by the work, the demolition contractor must take all reasonable steps
to obtain current information on the services prior to commencing work and:
have regard for the information
keep the information readily available for inspection under the WHS Act
make the information available to any principal contractor and subcontractors,
and
retain the information until the excavation is completed or, if there is a
notifiable incident relating to the excavation, 2 years after the incident occurs.

Asbestos
Regulation 450: Where a structure is to be demolished, a person conducting a
business or undertaking carrying out demolition work must obtain a copy of the
asbestos register for the workplace from the person with management or control
of that workplace.
Regulation 451: If there is no asbestos register, the person carrying out the
demolition work must:
not carry out the work until the structure or plant has been inspected to
determine whether asbestos or ACM are fixed to or installed in the structure
or plant
ensure that the determination is undertaken by a competent person, and
if asbestos or ACM are determined or presumed to be present, inform the
occupier and owner of the premises (if domestic premises) and the person

56
 conducting a business
or undertaking with management or control of the workplace.
When planning demolition or refurbishment, consider:
the age of the building and the likelihood of asbestos or other hazardous
materials being present
the location of asbestos in relation to the proposed demolition or
refurbishment
if there are inaccessible areas that are likely to contain asbestos
whether asbestos is likely to be damaged or disturbed as a result of the
demolition or refurbishment work if yes, can it be removed safely before
work commences?
type and condition of asbestos present
amount of asbestos present
method of demolition or refurbishment and how will it affect the asbestos, and
the nature of the ACM (friable or non-friable).

The precautions which should be taken when demolishing materials containing

lead include:
minimising the generation of lead dust and fumes
cleaning work areas properly during and after work
wearing the appropriate PPE, and
maintaining good personal hygiene.

Securing the work area

Exclusion zones
Planning for exclusion zones should take into consideration:
erecting secure impassable barricades with adequate signage and appropriate
lock out procedures to prevent unauthorised pedestrian or vehicular access to
the area

57
 providing information to workers and other persons at the workplace advising
them of the status of the exclusion zones, and
providing supervision so that no unauthorised person enters an exclusion zone.

Plant and equipment

should ensure:
plant is used and operated by a competent person
that appropriate guards and operator protective devices are fitted
that the safe working load is displayed and any load measurement devices are
operating correctly
plant is maintained in accordance with the manufacturer/suppliers
instructions or relevant Australian Standards, and
manufacturers recommendations for the safe use and storage of oxy-acetylene
cutting equipment are referred to.

Removal of debris
Debris should be progressively removed to prevent any build up that could affect
the integrity
of a suspended floor of the building or structure, affect workplace access and
egress, become
a fire hazard, or cause a health and safety hazard.

Fire prevention
If a sprinkler system is installed in a structure to be demolished, it should be
maintained in an operable condition at each storey, so far as is reasonably
practicable. Portable fire-extinguishers should be kept in working areas at all
times and maintained in an operable condition.

DEMOLITION METHODS

58
 sequential demolition should be carried out in reasonably even stages,
commencing from the roof or top of the building or structure being
demolished
multi-storey buildings or structures should be demolished storey by storey,
and
masonry and brickwork should be taken down in reasonably even courses.
Manual demolition of walls
Glass should be removed from the windows, doors or openings before the
commencement of the demolition work.
Walls and gables should be demolished course by course. All work should be
performed from safe working platforms. Workers should not work from the top of
a wall or partition being demolished. A wall or partition should not be permitted
to stand, unless it is effectively supported against collapse including being
supported against lateral loads from wind and other forces.

Mechanical demolition
Operator protective structures should be designed to the appropriate standard
that eliminates
or minimises the risk, so far as is reasonably practicable, of operator injury due to:
roll over and consequent cabin impact damage
objects falling on or over the cabin
objects penetrating the cabin, and
hazardous noise.

Induced collapse
Induced collapse involves the systematic/sequential removal of key structural
members and the application of a force to result in the controlled collapse of all
or part of a building or structure. Expert advice should be sought from a
competent person such as an appropriately experienced structural engineer,
before this method is used.

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 Using explosives
Construction work that involves the use of explosives is defined by the WHS
Regulations as high risk construction work and a SWMS must be prepared before
this work commences.
A competent person experienced in the controlled application of explosives for
the purpose
of carrying out the demolition should be consulted before deciding whether
explosives may
be used for demolition.
Explosives must not be used to induce the collapse of any structure unless
approved by the regulatory authority.
DEMOLITION OF SPECIAL STRUCTURES
Special structures are complex and/or unusual because of the nature of their
construction
or condition. They include:
pre or post-tensioned construction
pre-cast concrete panel and framed structures
stressed skin structures (i.e. buildings that rely on the sheeting, cladding or
decking
to stiffen and restrain the structural framework), and
slung structures (i.e. floors or roofs) that are in some way suspended from
a framework, supported by a structural core.

Before demolishing pre or post-tensioned concrete elements, review all available

documentation on the building or structure including:
building plans, designs and specifications to understand the type of tensioning
used,
the load carried, anchorage points and number of tendons, and
any construction photographs to obtain information on anchorage details, the
construction sequencing, and any other measures may affect moisture access.

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 The condition of the concrete and tendons should be considered before and
during demolition,
for example by:
conducting a visual inspection to confirm loads, obvious deviations from the
original design and waterproofing details
assessing conditions throughout the building, as well as utilising selective
testing
in representative areas to assess any weakening or breakage of tendons
measuring humidity within tendon sheathing and analysing any sheathing
contaminants
removing, inspecting and testing a small number of tendons to assess their
condition, and
continuing to monitor tendon tension.
Tut Week 5 excavation

Excavation failures are particularly dangerous because they may occur quickly,
limiting the ability of workers (and in some cases others in the vicinity) to escape
especially if the collapse is extensive.
What is excavation work?
Excavation work generally means work involving the removal of soil or rock from
a site to form
an open face, hole or cavity using tools, machinery or explosives.
Any construction work (including any work connected with an excavation) that is
carried out
in or near:
a shaft or trench with an excavated depth of greater than 1.5 metres, or
a tunnel
is considered to be high risk construction work for which a Safe Work Method
Statement (SWMS) must be prepared.

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 Who has health and safety duties in relation to excavation work?
- Same as above Tuts.

Consultation should include discussions on the:

nature and/or condition of the ground and/or working environment
weather conditions
nature of the work and other activities that may affect health and safety
static and dynamic loads near the excavation
interaction with other trades
site access
SWMS
management of surrounding vehicular traffic and ground vibration
type of equipment used for excavation work
public safety
existing services and their location
the length of time the excavation is to remain open
provision of adequate facilities, and
procedures to deal with emergencies

The principal contractor has a range of duties in relation to a construction project

including:
preparing and reviewing a WHS management plan
obtaining SWMS before any high risk construction work commences
putting in place arrangements to manage the work environment including falls,
facilities, first aid, an emergency plan and traffic management

62
 installing signs showing the principal contactors name, contact details and
location of any site office, and
securing the construction workplace.

Safe Work Method Statements

identify the type of high risk construction work being done

specify the health and safety hazards and risks arising from that work
describe how the risks will be controlled
describe how the control measures will be implemented, monitored and
reviewed, and
be developed in consultation with workers and their representatives who are
carrying out the high risk construction work.

Adjacent buildings or structures

Excavation work may seriously affect the security or stability of any part of a
structure at
or adjacent to the location of the proposed excavation which can lead to
structural failure
or collapse. Excavation work must not commence until steps are taken to prevent
the collapse
or partial collapse of any potentially affected building or structure.
Any excavation that is below the level of the footing of any structure including
retaining walls that could affect the stability of the structure must be assessed by
a competent person and secured by a suitable ground support system which has
been designed by a competent person. Suitable supports to brace the structure
may also be required and should be identified by a competent person.
It is also important that other buildings in and around the excavation site are not
adversely affected by vibration or concussion during the excavation work. Special
precautions may need to be taken near hospitals and other buildings containing
equipment sensitive to shock and vibration.

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Excavation work must be carried out in a way that does not cause flooding or
water penetration
to any adjacent building.

Potential hazards Examples of control measures

Ground collapse the use of benching or the installation of ground support

(e.g. shoring)
Water inrush pumps or other dewatering systems to remove water and
prevent build-up
Falls ramps, steps or other appropriate access into the
excavation
Hazardous manual rotating tasks between workers
tasks
Airborne mechanical ventilation to remove airborne contaminants
contaminants
Buried training to identify buried contaminants and what action
contaminants (e.g. to take
asbestos)
Underground obtain information from the relevant authorities on the
services location
of underground services

Placing material on the lower side of the excavation will reduce the effective
height of the excavation and the risk of material falling or being washed into the
excavation.

Inspection and maintenance

on excavation work, whether leased, hired or owned. Both mechanical and
electrical testing should be done. The following checks should also be carried out:
daily pre-start checks by the plant operator on the general condition and
maintenance
of the plant, and

64
 regular inspections of the plant by a competent person in accordance with the
manufacturer/suppliers specifications or relevant Australian Standards.

EXCAVATION METHODS
Trenching

Regulation 306 A person conducting a business or undertaking who proposes to

excavate a trench at least 1.5m deep, must minimise the risk to any person arising
from the collapse of the trench by ensuring that all sides of the trench are
adequately supported by one or more of the following:
shoring by shielding or other comparable means (for example boxing)
benching, and
battering.

Prevent Collapse:

Benching

Battering

Combination of benching and battering controls

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 Tut Week 6 construction work safety code of practice

Housing construction work

While the information and guidance contained in this code is relevant to all types
of construction work, additional guidance marked with this symbol is provided
for businesses working within the housing construction sector.

What is construction work?

Regulation 289: Construction work is defined as any work carried out in
connection with the construction, alteration, conversion, fitting-out,
commissioning, renovation, repair, maintenance, refurbishment, demolition,
decommissioning or dismantling of a structure.

For the purposes of this Code, housing construction work involves construction
work relating to the following:
detached houses
attached dwellings, separated from each other by a fire resisting wall, such as
terrace, row or town houses
villa-homes, strata or company title home units or residential flats
boarding and guest houses, hostels or similar with a floor area <300m, and
ancillary buildings to the above, such as private garages, gazeboes and
carports.

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The above are based on classes 1, 2 & 10 of the Building Code of Australia. Work
on multi-storey buildings, i.e. above three habitable storeys, is not considered
housing construction work for the purposes of this Code.

What is not construction work?

Construction work does not include any of the following:
the manufacture of plant
the prefabrication of elements, other than at a place specifically established
for the construction work for use in the construction work
the construction or assembly of a structure that, once constructed or
assembled, is intended to be transported to another place
testing, maintenance or repair work of a minor nature carried out in
connection with
a structure
mining or the exploration for or extraction of minerals.
What is a structure?
The WHS Act defines a structure as anything that is constructed, whether fixed or
moveable, temporary or permanent. A structure includes:
What is high risk construction work?
Regulation 291 provides a list of construction work that is considered to be high
risk for the purposes of the WHS Regulations. It is construction work for which a
safe work method
What is a construction project?
Regulation 292: A construction project is a project that involves construction
work where the cost of the construction work is $250,000 or more.
A construction project covers all the activities involved in the construction work
up to the point that the construction project is handed over to the person who
commissioned it. The handover usually takes place at the practical completion of
the project when, for example, a house is considered habitable and the buyer or
owner takes possession.
Valuing construction work

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The cost of construction work can be determined by the contract price for
carrying out the work. The kinds of costs that would be included are:
project management costs associated with the work
the costs of fittings and furnishings, including any refitting or refurbishing
associated with
the work (except where the work involves an enlargement, expansion or
intensification
of a current use of land)
any taxes, levies or charges (other than GST) paid or payable in connection
with the work
by or under any law.
The cost of the construction work would not include:
the cost of the land on which the development is to be carried out, including
the civil engineering, utility and other land development cost involved in a land
subdivision.
the costs associated with marketing or financing the development (including
interest
on any loans)
the costs associated with legal work carried out or to be carried out in
connection with
the development.
Who has health and safety duties relating to construction work?
Multiple duties
The nature of construction work means that there are various businesses or
undertakings with duties relating to construction work. It can involve a person
conducting a business or undertaking who:
carries out construction work
designs the building or structure
commissions the construction work (except for a home-owner where they are
not a PCBU)
is a principal contractor

68
 has management or control of a workplace at which construction work is
carried out
carries out high risk construction work.
Other duty holders that have responsibilities under the WHS Act and Regulations
are:
officers (e.g. company directors)
workers, and
other persons (e.g. visitors to construction sites).
What is required to manage risks in construction work?
Regulation 297: A person conducting a business or undertaking must manage
risks associated with the carrying out of construction work.
Regulation 3238: In order to manage risk under the WHS Regulations, a duty
holder must:
identify reasonably foreseeable hazards that could give rise to the risk
eliminate the risk, so far as is reasonably practicable
if it is not reasonably practicable to eliminate the risk, minimise the risk so far as is
reasonably practicable by implementing control measures
maintain the control measure so that it remains effective, and
review, and if necessary revise, control measures so as to maintain, so far as is
reasonably practicable, a work environment that is without risks to health and
safety.

Managing Risks:
- identify
- Assess
- eliminate/ minimise
- review control measures

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Regulation 37: Implemented control measures must be maintained to ensure
they are fit for purpose, suitable for the nature and duration of the work, and are
installed, set up and used correctly.
Regulation 38: You must review your control measures and, if necessary, revise
them:
when the control measure is not effective in controlling the risk
before a change at the workplace that is likely to give rise to a new or different
health
and safety risk that the control measure may not effectively control
if a new relevant hazard or risk is identified
if the results of consultation indicate that a review is necessary, or
if a health and safety representative requests a review.

Preparing a SWMS
SWMS content
Regulation 299(2): A safe work method statement must:
identify the work that is high risk construction work
specify hazards relating to the high risk construction work and risks to health
and safety associated with those hazards
describe the measures to be implemented to control the risks, and
describe how the control measures are to be implemented, monitored and
reviewed.
What is a WHS management plan?
A WHS management plan is a written plan that sets out the arrangements for
managing some site health and safety matters
Informing people about the WHS management plan
Regulation 310: The principal contractor must ensure, so far as is reasonably
practicable, that all persons who are to carry out construction work on the
construction project are made aware of the content of the WHS management

70
plan in respect to their work and their right to inspect the plan.
Reviewing and revising a WHS management plan
Regulation 311: The principal contractor must review and, as necessary, revise
the WHS management plan to ensure it remains up-to-date and relevant for the
construction project.

Workplace specific induction training may cover the following:

hazards and control measures relevant to the site
location of underground services
site specific safety documents, policies and plans (e.g. traffic management
plans, the WHS management plan)
supervisory, consultation and reporting arrangements
site safety rules
workplace facilities, including their location, use and maintenance
first aid provisions and emergency procedures, including after-hours
emergency contacts
health monitoring requirements and procedures
access, egress and security
how safety issues are resolved.

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