FLUID MECHANICS AND THEIR PROPERTIES

Dr. Eng. Toribio Marcos Reyes Rodrguez

Huaraz, 2017
 Fluid and matter states (phases)
It is a substance that permanently deforms under the
action of shear force.
 Fluid Mechanics and their Properties
Properties = Characteristics?
Viscosity
It is the resistance of the fluid to flow, due to
intermolecular forces
Newton viscosity law
Newton Law of Viscosity
Types of fluids

Rheological diagram
Coefficient of viscosity

Source: Cengel, 2006

Coefficient of dynamic viscosity of water

According Dingman (2002):

0.9
= 2.0319 104 + 1.5883 103 exp( )
22
Problem
Problem
Problem
 Surface tension
The resistance of a liquid to an increase in its surface area
Surface tension and capillary rise
Surface tension, droplet and bubble
Capillary rise and tube diameter
 Pressure
It is the force exerted by a fluid on an area.
It is strength compressive normal per unit area acting on a
surface.
 Bulk modulus

It is a property indicating the compressibility of fluid

Vapour Pressure
 Water Vapour Pressure and Atmospheric Pressure

Water Vapour Pressure

Koutsoyiannis formula:
273.2 273.2 5.06
= 612exp 24.921 1 T T
Where:
es = vapour pressure (Pa)
T = Temperature (K).
Atmospheric Pressure
2930.0065z 5.26
p = 101.3( 293
)

Where:
P atm = atmospheric pressure (kPa)
Z = altitude (meter )
Vapour Pressure and Cavitation
 NPSH available

Available NPSH Required NPSH

PERFORMANCE CURVE OF A HYDRAULIC PUMP
Vapour Pressure and Cavitation
Equation Perfect Gases
 MECHANICAL WORK

Mechanical work is the energy transfer associated with a force

acting thourogh a distance (Cengel, w/y)

SHAFT WORK

Shaft work is energy transmitted by rotating shaft is the related

to the torque applied to the shaft and number of revolutions of
the shaft per unit time (Cengel, w/y )

If there is no movement, no work is done (Cengel, w/y)

SHAFT WORK
 INTERNAL ENERGY
According Cengel (w / y):

The internal energy is the energy contained in

the random molecular motions and
intermolecular forces.
Entropy
 Isentropic Process
1
1 = = =

Problem1:

A cylinder containing 2 kg nitrogen is compressed insentropically from 0.14

MPa abs to 0.3 MPa abs. The initial temperature is 5 C. Find the final
temperature and the necessary work.
Answers: T2 = 72C and -99.34 kJ
Isentropic Process
 Wave Velocity

2 = 2 = 2 =

Isentropic process:

2 =

 Hammer Strike
Pressure wave velocity

Joukowskys
Cycle of Strike Hammer
 BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES

Cengel, Y (2006). Fluid Mechanics. USA: McGrawHilll

Cengel, Y (w/y). Thermodynamics. USA: McGrawHilll

Munson, Y (2006). Fluid Mechanics. USA: Willey

Potter, M. (2012). Mechanics of fluids. USA: Cengage.

White, F. (2008). Fluid mechanics. USA: McGraw Hill.

Zumdahl, S. (2008). Chemestry. USA: Houghtn Mifflin Company

THANKS VERY MUCH