SHIJO.T.

DANIEL
S5 MECHANICAL
ROLL NO : 859
REG NO : 11020125
 OUTLINE
Introduction
History
Cruise control
Adaptive cruise control (ACC)
components of ACC
Working
Acceleration & Deceleration
Controlling ACC
Dealing with switches
Features
Advantages
Limitations
Future aspects
ACC used vehicles
Conclusion
References
 INTRODUCTION
Increased accident rate

Factors

Need o0f intelligent vehicles

Invention of Cruise control

 HISTORY
1910 speed control with centrifugal governor
Modern cruise control - Ralph Teetor-1945

First car in 1958

Started in cars from 1974

 CRUISE CONTROL
Cruise control - automatically controls the speed
of a motor vehicle.

Also known as speed control or auto cruise.

Adjusting the throttle position to maintain a

speed set by the driver
 ADAPTIVE CRUISE CONTROL
(ACC)
Advanced version
Keeps at steady speed
Using sensors for detection
Keeps safe distance
Intelligent control
Collision avoidance system
 MAIN COMPONENTS ACC
Switches and pedals

Processor or mini
computer

Sensor

Electronic vacuum
actuator
 WORKING OF ACC
Switch on ACC.
Set speed.
Sensors detects vehicle ahead.
Decelerate to ahead vehicle speed.
Keeps safe distance
Collision avoidance system
When the danger of a collision is
detected, it provides a red warning light
that flashes on the windshield.

The system provides an audible alert

when it senses a reduction in traffic
speed in vehicles ahead.
ACCELARATION & DECELARATION
ACC Accelerator
Actuator controls the throttle
 CONTROL OF ACC
BRAIN: Mini computer.
Senses throttle position.
Senses accelerator position.
Adjust throttle
Senses ahead vehicles
LIDAR is Light Detection And Ranging.
A laser diode was used to generate the light
signal.
RADAR is Radio Detection And Ranging
It is operated by radiating energy into space and
detecting the echo signal reflected from target

While RADAR target is the cars rear spoiler the

stereo camera is constantly captures all objects in
its field of view.
It includes millimeter wave radar linked to a
640x480 pixel stereo camera
 CONTROLLER
Sensing and controlling
process
Car with fusion sensor
arrangement

Car with fusion sensor arrangement

ACC COMPONANTS IN A CAR
DEALING WITH SWITCHES
 FEATURES
Maintains a safe, comfortable distance between
vehicles without driver interventions
Maintains a consistent performance in poor
visibility conditions.
Maintains a continuous performance during road
turns and elevation changes
Alerts drivers by way of automatic braking.
 ADVANTAGES
Its very useful for long driving.
The driver is relieved from the task of careful
acceleration, deceleration and braking in
congested traffics.
Can avoid unconsciously violating speed limits.
Reduction in accident rate.
Reduction in driver fatigue.
Increased fuel efficiency.
 DISADVANTAGES
Cost
Not for heavy traffic
Dangerous in slippery roads
Encourages the driver to become careless.
The ACC systems not respond directly to the
traffic signals.
 FUTURE ASPECTS
Co-Cooperative Adaptive cruise control or
CACC is already being tested in California .

ACC respond to the distance and speed of the

car ahead ,CACC communicate with two or
more cars and work together to avoid collision.

Communication is quicker, reliable and

responsive.
 ACC EQUIPED VEHICLES
Ford fusion series
Jaguar
Mercedes Benz
Volkswagen
Audi
Chevrolet cruze (India)
 CONCLUSION
Current system ranges 150 meters can stop and
slows if any obstruction
Fully autonomous car is probably not viable in the
foreseen future.
Near by vehicles would be in constant
communication with each other and act co-
operatively.
It will probably take decades, but car accidents
may eventually become almost as rare as plane
crashes are now.
 REFFERENCE
1. University of Michigan (July 12, 2004). U-M physicist:
Smart cruise control eliminates traffic jams. Press release.
2. L. C. Davis (2004). "Effect of adaptive cruise control
systems on traffic flow". Physical Review Letters E 69 (6): 066110
(article ID; no page reference).
3. CY Liang, H Peng (1999). "Optimal Adaptive Cruise
Control with Guaranteed String Stability". Vehicle System
Dynamics 32 (4-5): 313-330.
4. P Venhovens, K Naab, B Adiprasito (2000). "Stop and Go
Cruise Control". Proc. FISITA World Automotive Congress, Seoul,
Korea.
5. L. C. Davis, Effect of adaptive cruise control systems on
traffic flow Physics Department, University of Michigan, Ann
Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA The American Physical Society
(Received 27 October 2003; revised 22 January 2004; published 4
June 2004)
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