CHAPTER II the number 200 , and so on . This system is much more efficient .

However, the two systems are still not good enough in addition or
DISCUSSION
multiplication long series of numbers.
2.1. HISTORY OF GREEK MATHEMATICS Because the Greeks had a system of writing numbers that are not
Greek mathematics is the mathematics written in Greek , developed efficient , they are not like algebra . Menganggapnnya too difficult
from the 6th century BC to the 5th century AD around the Eastern because they have to write an equation or problem number . Finally ,
coast of the Mediterranean Sea . Greek mathematicians lived in cities the Greek mathematician focus more on geometry and geometrical
spread over the eastern part of the Mediterranean Area , ranging from methods to solve problems may also use algebra.
Italy to North Africa , But they are united by culture and the Greek The Greeks in general very tertatik on rationality , in terms of making
language. The word "mathematics" itself is derived from the ancient all things related and reasonable . They want to relate what is not clear
Greek word (mathema), meaning "the lessons of instruction" . They liked the music , because music has strict rules for generating
The Greeks have many ways to write numbers, but there is no beauty . Similarly, architecture , and mathematics.
efficient , and every city in the country of Greece using different Greek mathematician also very interested in proving that certain
systems . Some Greeks used the system in the form of typing the first mathematical ideas is true . So they spend a lot of time using
letter of the word for the number. If you want to say ten ( ' , geometry to prove that it is true , even though nations like Egypt and
DECA ) , then they write , which means ten . With this system , one Babylonia already know that they are almost always right .
written by a straight line , similar to number 1 on the modern writing . Greek mathematics also contribute substantially to the important ideas
They use to ( Penta , five ) , for ( , Ten ) , H for of number theory , mathematical analysis , applied mathematics , and
H ( Hekaton , one hundred ) , X to X ( Xhililoi , a , in that period , approaching the performance of the integral calculus .
thousand ) , and M for M ( Murioir , ten thousand ).cSo they will Famous figures in the Greek mathematician Pythagoras among them ,
write numbers as XXXXXXHH 6247. a blurred figure of a small island , Samos partially association with
The Greeks also used other systems in which the letters of the Greek number mysticism and numerology , but is more well known through
alphabet used as symbols for numbers , so the number I was alpha ( the resulting theorem , Theorem of Pythagoras , and Euclid , which is
) , 2 is the beta ( B ) , 3 is a gamma ( ) , and so on . They apply this known through his book Elements of Euclid , a writing reference
rule to the first ten letters , and then the letter number 20 symbolizes geometry for centuries . The most characteristic achievements of
the eleventh , twelfth letter symbolizes the number 30 , the thirteenth Greek mathematics is the theory of conic sections , many developed
letter number 40 . Having the number 100 , the next letter symbolizes in the Hellenistic period.
1|HISTORY OF MATHEMATICS GREEK
2.2. Math Period In Greece
1. Classical Period
Historians usually place the beginning of the Greek
mathematician Thales of Miletus lifetime (about 624-548 BC ) .
Little is known about the life and work of Thales , thin certainty
that the birth and death adjacent to eclipse in 585 BC , which may
appear when he was still in the productive age .
Thales theorem , which states that the angle - touch - arc
described in the half - circle is a right angle , may be studied by
Thales at the time he was in Babylon , but the tradition which is
attached to the Thales theorem show it . With this reason that
Thales is often hailed as the father of mathematics and deductive
organization as the first true mathematician . Thales is also
regarded as the earliest in history to whom specific findings
pinned mathematics .
Although it is not known whether or not the first Thales
introduces structure into mathematical logic , which is currently
the case in force in any area, but it is known that in the two
hundred years after the death of Thales the Greeks introduced the
notion of proof and logic into mathematics . Other important
figures that help provide a record of the history of Greek
mathematics is Pythagoras , he sparked the madhhab Pythagorean
numerology and geometry looked at as the most fundamental
thing to understand the properties of the universe and therefore
become a center of ideas and their religious philosophy .
To determine differences in the work of Thales and Pythagoras
from the mathematicians of later or earlier is not easy because
none of their original works are still preserved , except perhaps
for " Thales fractions " which still survive , the reliability is still
disputed. However , some historians postulate that many
mathematical knowledge derived from Thales was actually
developed in the next time , especially the aspects that depend on
the concept of angles , while the latter appears the use of the
general statement , such as those found in the official text written
on the slab . The reason that it was not clear what was done by
Thales or Pythagoras is that almost no advanced documentation
that is still preserved . The only evidence comes from a tradition
that is immortalized in the works of such responses Proclus to
Euclid were written centuries later . Some of the newer works of
Aristotle it was a response to the school of Pythagoras , each
known only from the little fragments remaining .
2. Hellenistic
Hellenistic civilization began in the 5th century BC by Alexander
the Great's conquest over the eastern part of the Mediterranean
coast , Egypt , Mesopotamia , the Iranian plateau , Central Asia ,
and some parts of India , which became the beginning of the
spread of the Greek language and culture across the ocean . Greek
became the language of scholars in the Hellenistic world , and
mathematics Egyptian mathematics merged with Greek and
Babylonian mathematics to generate Hellenistic mathematics .
The assessment center is Iskandaryah this period in Egypt . In this
period there were figures - figures such as Archimedes was able
to use infinitesimals in a way similar to modern integral calculus .
Archimedes is also able to solve the problems to any degree of
2|HISTORY OF MATHEMATICS GREEK
 accuracy with methods that are the result of the assumption of the
proposition as true and indicates that the next steps show the
contradiction . known about Greek mathematics of this period - that almost all of
Greek mathematics and astronomy reached advanced stages in the
Hellenistic civilization , which is enlivened by scholars such as
Hipparchus , Posidonius , and Ptolemy , who is able to build
simple analog computer such as the Antikythera mechanism .
The most characteristic achievements of Greek mathematics
theory of conic sections may , many developed in the Hellenistic
period . The method used does not make explicit use of algebra ,
trigonometry nor.
In understanding the geometry of conic sections , a cone is
considered to have two skin that stretches to infinity in both
directions . A generator is a line that can be made on the skin cone
, and all generators intersect at a point called the vertex of the
cone .
Types of conic sections.
If a plane slicing a cone parallel to one and only one generator
, then the cut is parabolic . If the slicing plane parallel to the
two generators , then the cut will cut both the skin and form a
hyperbole . An elliptical happen if the slicer is not aligned
with any generator . The circle is a special case of an ellipse ,
which is formed when the field slicer to cut all generators and
perpendicular to the axis of the cone.
2.3. MATH GREEK LEADER DEVELOPER
Generally thought that the neighboring civilizations , namely the
Babylonians and Ancient Egyptians had an influence on the later
Greek tradition more . Between 800 BC and 600 BC , Greek
mathematics in general are behind Greek literature , and little is
them had been up through the previous authors , since the middle of
the 4th century BC .
Hypatia
Hypatia is one of the leading in the field of mathematics ,
especially algebra . She is the first woman mathematician who
listed his name in the history of mathematics . Based on
comments mathematician afterwards , it is known that many
hypatias post comments komertar top - mathematician previous
works , such as " Arithmetica " it Diophantus , " Conic section "
of Apollonius , and " Al - Magest his" Ptolemy . Hypatia also
known as medicine specialists and experts philosophy.
Proclus ( 410-484 )
Proclus more philosophical but dibandingikan as math sayings
and writings often provide a critique of the history of the
beginning of the development of Greek geometry . His greatest
work was his commentary on the first book of Euclid 's work
elements . In writing these comments , it is certain that having a
copy of a Proklus of " History of Geometry " by Eudemus , who
now can not be found anymore , as well as the work of Poppus "
Geometry of the Elements " , most of which can not be found
anymore .
Services are the largest Proclus is her work on the history of
geometry before Ecluid , where in his " Geometry " , Proklus
make a summary of the work of Eudemus ' History of Geometry
3|HISTORY OF MATHEMATICS GREEK
 " , which consists of four books . Part of this book , which was
known as " Eudemion Summery " Proklus regarded as the
greatest contribution to the history of mathematics , in addition
theorem discovery : When a line segment whose length remains
engaged with both ends on the two lines intersect , a point of the
line segment will depicts a portion of an ellipse . Proklus other
works is his commentary on Plato's " Republic ".
Boothius ( 475-524 )
Boothius sabagai besides a mathematician and philosopher , he is
also a well-known statesman , Although Boothius is a leading
math in Roman times , but the work was far behind the level of
the works of Greek writers . Boothius writing textbooks for the
four branches of mathematics , namely arithmetic , geometry ,
music and astronomy . Boothius arithmetic books based on the "
Introduction " by Hicomacus , geometry based on " Elements " of
his Euclid , astronomy based on " his '' Almagest Ptolomy , while
the musical based on the works of Hicomacus , Euclid and
Ptolemy.
Theon of Alexadria
Theon wrote comments on the work Ptolomy , Almagest , in
eleven books . In addition, the modern edition of the work
Euclied , Elements , is based on a revision of the original
manuscript Theon . However Theon more instrumental in the
history of information compared with the results of mathematical
works.
In addition, the modern edition of the work Euclied , Elements ,
is based on a revision of the original manuscript Theon .
However Theon more instrumental in the history of information
compared with the results of mathematical works.
Pythagoras
Pythagoras lived around the 500s BC , and was one of the first
Greek mathematical thinkers . He spent his life in the Greek
colonies in Sicily and southern Italy . He has a group of students ,
who follow and teach people what Pythagoras had taught them .
The followers of Pythagoras , the so-called Pythagorean famous
for their lifestyle . They grew his hair , just wear simple clothes ,
do not wear shoes , and do not eat peanuts. The Pythagorean
interested in philosophy , but especially in music and
mathematics , the two things that they consider to be the way out
of the mess . Music is sound that has rules , and mathematics are
rules about how the world works.
Pythagoras is best known for proving the truth of the
Pythagorean theorem . The Sumerians , two thousand years
earlier , already know that the theorem is true , and their use in
the measurement , but Pythagoras is mentioned as the one who
was able to prove that it is true . Not really known if indeed
Pythagoras banr did it, because there is no evidence for it until
the time of Euclid , but that's the tradition . Some historians have
even argued that verification was done at the time of Euclid.
Pythagoras founded a sect called the Pythagorean schools , which
handle knowledge and natural properties and therefore all the
findings of the followers of the school of Pythagoras belonged to
this sect . And because in ancient times was a norm to give all
respect for the teacher , Pythagoras himself appreciated the
4|HISTORY OF MATHEMATICS GREEK
 findings made by the sect. Pythagoras Pythagorean school was
built by 455 years ago. Pythagoras himself a lot to contribute to
the development of Greek mathematics such as:
1. Philosophy
2. The study of proportion
3. The study of plane and solid geometry
4. Number Theory
5. The theory of proof
6. The discovery of incommensurables.
Anaxagoras
Born around the year 500 BC . A case like Thales , Anaxagoras
was born in Asia Minor , in the city Klazomenai . He appears to
come from a wealthy family , and possibilities. school . As an
adult , he chose not to continue the family business . He went to
Athens , which was the center of Greek culture at that time . He
lived in Athens for most of his life . There he became friends
with Pericles and Euripides , and he must also know Socrates .
Anaxagoras most important idea is that people should not trust
their senses or their common sense to investigate about the world
, but they should always use logic and going to find out the truth .
Tekadang this idea makes Anaxagoras thought of funny things .
For example , he says that the snow is definitely mengandug
darkness , white as well as color , or how dark the snow turns
into water when it melts ? But he managed to find the cause of
the eclipse
Anaxagoras the idea of making a lot of people of Athens , who
does not believe in the gods consider it , not happy . He was
arrested but managed to escape the death sentence by the judge
with the help of a friend of his Pericles . But he still had to leave
Athens , and he died shortly afterwards in Lamsakos , around 428
BC . Only some of the books that still exist in Anaxagoras
masakini , most of which is lost or destroyed .
Nearly a hundred years later , Aristotle says that she initially gain
an understanding of the science of the works of Anaxagoras .
Thales
Is the first Greek scientists are trying to explain that the various
phenomena and natural objects , misalna weather , stars, and
planets , are not controlled by the gods . Instead , he was thinking
of the scientific explanation for this, although he is not always
right . Thales claim that water is the basis of all living things ,
that all life is essentially made of water . Thales true that
everything is composed of the same object , but the object is the
electron and the proton , not water .
But there are some things that succeeded Thales thinking
correctly . He correctly states that the earth is round , and that the
moon reflects the light of the sun . According to Herodotos , in
the year 585 BC Thales was the first to successfully predict the
occurrence of a solar eclipse , which ended the war between
Lydia and Persia .
Thales is also an important mathematician . He managed to find a
way to calculate height of one of the pyramids in Egypt . He
. waited at noon when the shadow has the same height with her ,
and then she measures the shadow of the pyramids.
5|HISTORY OF MATHEMATICS GREEK
 He also managed to prove some interesting mathematical ideas .
Thales proved that :
The circle divided by its diameter
The angle at the foot of an isosceles triangle is equal
If there are two intersecting straight lines , then the
opposite angles are equal
If two triangles have two angles and one side are the
same , then the two triangles are identical. Thales
possibility had been a teacher for Anaximandros , and
Anaximandros itself is the teacher of Pythagoras .
Several ancient authors mention that Pythagoras , as
a youth , visited Thales , Pythagoras and that Thales
advised to study in Egypt . Thales died in 543 BC , just a
few years after the city conquered by the Persians.
Aristarchus
Born on the island of Samos in Greece in 310 BC . He spent most
of hidunya to work at the University of Alexandria in Egypt .
Aristarchus was the first person who is suspected to think that the
earth moves around the sun and maybe not the reverse.
Aristarchus knew that the earth revolves around the sun in a way
see the Earth's shadow on the moon during a lunar eclipse .
Previous Thales already found a way to predict eclipses and
Anaxagoras had found the cause of the eclipse . Aristarchus
using Euclidean geometric theory , and also his theory , to
perform calculations.
Most people assume Aristarchus thought ridiculous , and they
prefer to follow the Aristotelian idea that the sun around the earth
. More than a thousand years later , then Al - Ghazali and other
astronomers consider seriously thinking Muslimm Aristarchus.
Aristarchus also uses the works of Eratosthenes to calculate the
size of the moon , and calculated that the sun is certainly more
ebsar than the earth and the moon , although the size of the result
of the calculation is not appropriate because he did not have a
good telescope . Aristarchus also realized for the first time that
the stars are in the extreme distance away from the earth , farther
away than the sun or the moon , but again , without a good
telescope , he can not prove it.
QUESTION :
1. What the greek mathematics?
2. Where Greek mathematics developed in the 6th century BC to the 5th
century AD?
3. How to write 7865 on the Greek number system?
4. Can you mention the important contribution of the Greek
mathematician?
5. How many periods in Greek mathematics? Mention it!
6. What Pythagoras contribute to one of the classical period? Explain!
7. Why not easy to know the difference Pythagoras and Thales?
8. Can you mention greek leader developer math? (at least 5)
9. Who is Hypatia, Proclus (410-484), Boethius (475-524)?
10. What the great idea from Anaxagoras, Thales, and Aristarchus?
6|HISTORY OF MATHEMATICS GREEK