Major Electrolyte Imbalances

Electrolyte Function Causes: HYPER S/sx HYPER Cause: HYPO S/Sx of HYPO

Sodium

135 - 145 mEq/L

Potassium

3.0 - 5.0 mEq/L

Calcium

Total:
8.5 10 mg/dL

Ionized:
4.4-5.4 mg/dL

Phosphorus/
phosphate

2.5 - 4.5 mg/dL

Magnesium

1.5 - 3.0 mEq/L

Fill in this chart using the pieces provided to you below.

ABG Practice: Decide if the results suggest compensated or uncompensated, respiratory or metabolic acidosis or alkalosis?

1. pH: 7.1, CO2: 50, HCO3: 37 ____________________________________

2. pH: 7.61, CO2: 50, HCO3: 28 ____________________________________

3. pH: 7.41, CO2: 25, HCO3: 19 ____________________________________

4. pH: 7.67, CO2: 51, HCO3: 33 ____________________________________

5. pH: 7.31, CO2: 26, HCO3: 12 ____________________________________

6. pH: 7.52, CO2: 35, HCO3: 34 ____________________________________

7. pH: 7.16, CO2: 47, HCO3: 34 ____________________________________

8. pH: 7.25, CO2: 31, HCO3: 12 ____________________________________

9. pH: 7.14, CO2: 48, HCO3: 32 ____________________________________

10. pH: 7.25, CO2: 47, HCO3: 22 ____________________________________

Label the picture below: Use the phrases filtration, reabsorption, capillary hydrostatic pressure, interstitial oncotic pressure, plasma oncotic pressure,
interstitial hydrostatic pressure
Interstitium/ Tissue

Fluid Fluid pressure

Protein pulls moves from pushes fluid into
fluid into tissue interstitium capillary
Fluid moves from capillary to into
interstitium capillary

Fluid pressure pushes Protein pulls fluid into

Capillary fluid into tissue capillary
 regulates ECF pure H20 losses thirst vomiting & muscle cramps &
volume o diarrhea dry skin/mucous diarrhea twitching
role in RMP and o sweating membranes diuretics weakness
AP HA, agitation, hyperglycemia HA, LOC
acid-base balance water intake seizures
with HCO3- UOP

role in RMP and excitability of muscle weakness & intake cardiac arrhythmias
nerve and muscle cells renal failure flaccidity alkalosis muscle weakness &
osmotic balance of cells as acidosis abdominal diuretics flaccidity
major ICF cation tissue injury cramping vomiting & abdominal distention/ileus
role in glucose metabolism cardiac arrest diarrhea

major role in bone neuromuscular

formation PTH excitability intake/absorption neuromuscular
nerve conduction immobilization o constipation & N/V CKD excitability
and muscle malignancy o HA, confusion, PTH or Mg++ o twitching and tetany
contraction lethargy o DTRs and seizures
cofactor in o weakness and o arrhythmias
coagulation DTRs

major role in bone

formation CKD promotes absorption hemolytic anemia
ATP formation & Release from ICF hypocalcemia and chronic & platelet
cellular energy stores o rhabdomyolysis its associated s/sx alcoholism dysfunction
component of DNA and o heat stroke renal excretion muscle weakness
RNA and cell membrane o tumor lysis bone pain &
phospholipids syndrome osteomalacia

cofactor in many - excessive intake muscle weakness & intake/absorption muscle cramps &
enzyme reactions - CKD DTRs chronic alcoholism DTRs
production of heart block and vomiting & irritability & seizures
ATP BP diarrhea arrhythmias and BP
nerve conduction respiratory distress/
arrest