Origin destination surveys

it is necessary where traffic will be anticipatedly drawn from a no of exisiting

routes onto a new or omproved roaad. By means of this thpe of survey it is
possible to estimate the no of drivers travelling on eeach side of the existing
routes who will choose to use new road in future.

the o-d survey obtains, in addition to straightforward count of vehicles on

each road, info concerning thee place of each journey and the loaction of any
intermidiate stops within the survey area. The origin of the journey is in this
instane the last fixed point of the call after leaving the area. these are not
necessarily the same as, and must not be confused with, the origin and the
destination of hte overall journey

survey stations must be estanlished on all the main roads entering and
leaving the area concerned, so formeing a cordon or screen line. Site for
these stations should be on the straight, level sections of road with good
visibility and if veh are to be stopped, the carriage way should sufficiently
wide for some form of sampling tobe used if necessary

The o-d survey study deterimines the no of vehicular traffic, their origins and
destination in each zoned area under study. The data may also be
supplemented by the no of passengers, purpose of each trip, intermidiate
stops made and reasons etc. Origin and desrinarion studt gives info like the
actual direction of travel sellection of routes and lenght of the trio. The o& d
studies are most essential in planning new highway facilities and in improving
some of the existing systems. As an example there may be a high [ercentage
of through traffic which may be diverted by providing a bypass ans thus
considerably saving in distane and time can be made. O&D study provides
the basic data for determing the desired flow or the desire lines. This is
considered to be one of the important traffic studies needed to solve many
traffic problem in a zone and the most important study to plan th highway
system in a region. Scientific planning of transportion sys and mass transut
facilities in cities should be based on the o-d data. also future traffic needs
may be estimated by extrapolating the data from the o&d data

The varios applications of o d studies may be summed up as follows:

•to locate expressway or major routes along the desire lines

•to estabish prefrential routes for various categories of veh sincluding bt

-pass

•to judge the adequacy of existing routes and to use in planning new
network of roads
 •to plan tranportation sys and mass transit facilities in cities

•to locat terrminals and to plan terminal facilities

• to locate new brigdes as per traffic demands

• to establish design standards for the road, brigdes and culverts along
the route

Methods for clooecting th o & d data commonly adopted are:

•road-side interview method

•license plate method

•return post card method

• tag on car method

•home interview

the choice of the method is made judisccioulsy depending on the objectice

and locatioin

License plate method

the entire area under study is cordoned out and the observers are
simultaneously stationed at all points of entry and exit on all the routes
leading to and out of the area. each pary at observer station is given
synchronised time pieces and th e license plat / registration no is noted of
vehicles entering and leaving the cordoned area and the time. Seprart
recording sheets are maintained for each direction of movement for a specific
tme interval. After collecting the field data for major work remains of the
office computations and analysis by tracing each vehicle no and its time of
entering and leaving the cordoned data

the mehthod is quite easy and quick as far as the field work is concerned.
the foield organisation can also be trained quickly. the method however
involves a lot of other office computations in trav=cing the trips through a
net wortwork of stationas. Unless there is a network of stations to take
orbsevations along the routes of the vehivles, it is nit eay to get info of the
routes followed

Hence a large no o f teams are required to take simltaneously observations

when a large area is to be surveyed' However the method is advantageous
for small areas of survey or small biz cerntre
2 person one rads out no, the other writes or enters them on the recording
sheets

or one reads and records the reading in portable tape recoreder

300 vehicle per hour can be achieved, to save time , is it sufficient to note
down only the last letter and the three digit of the reg no rather than the
complete version. Sampling technique agreeded unpon by the whole team
should be used in high vol traffic areas eg. noting vehicle with reg no ending
in figure 3 or 7 may be employed