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25

Chapter 5
Fertilizer use recommendations and
balanced fertilization

FERTILIZER USE RECOMMENDATIONS


Fertilizer recommendations for the major crops in selected provinces are
shown in Table 15.
Some crop growers use higher levels of potassium, sulphur and
micronutrients compared with the SWRI recommendations.

TABLE 15
SWRIs fertilizer recommendations of the major crops by province
Major producing province Major crops N P2O5 K2O
kg/ha
East Azarbajian Potato 225 100 50
Onion 250 120 50
Alfalfa 50 25 15
Fars Wheat 180 50 25
Maize 230 75 60
Cotton 150 50 50
Gilan Rice 100 50 25
Golestan Wheat 150 50 25
Rape seed 160 75 50
Cotton 175 50 25
Hamedan Alfalfa 50 75 25
Potato 200 75 50
Khorasan Wheat 175 50 25
Maize 180 60 50
Cotton 180 50 25
Khuzestan Wheat 180 50 10
Maize 180 125 0
Cotton 190 75 25
Mazandaran Rice 100 50 50
Soybean 50 50 25
Maize 150 75 50
West Azarbaijan Sunflower 150 100 25
Sugar beet 125 75 25
Wheat 125 50 0
26 Fertilizer use by crop in the Islamic Republic of Iran

TABLE 16 BALANCED FERTILIZATION


Trends of fertilizer use and fertilizer use The increased mineral
ratios
Years Average amount Ratio
fertilizer consumption in
of fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O) Iran during the 1980s and
used per year
(000 tonnes) the first half of the 1990s
1961-1969 110 100:68:07 brought with it an unbalanced
1970-1979 630 100:75:01
use of primary nutrients.
1980-1989 1 500 100:83:01
1990-1999 2 200 100:70:08 Phosphorus application rates
2000-2005 3 000 100:55:18 were in excess of crop needs,
resulting in the accumulation
of phosphorus in major farming areas and causing the precipitation
of certain micronutrients present in the soil, especially zinc and iron.
The application rates of potash plus quantities released from the soil
were lower than plant uptake requirements. Micronutrients were rarely
applied. An improvement in the nutrient balance since the mid-1990s is
indicated in Tables 16 and 17.
The fertilizer use efficiency (FUE) is based on two assumptions
a) fertilizers produced 50 percent more yield in comparison with control
plots and b) yield concerns only the grain and edible parts of the products.
It is also calculated based on the papers of Raun and Johnson (1999). The

TABLE 17
Relationship between rainfall, fertilizer use, nutrient ratios and agricultural
production
Year Annual Fertilizer use Agricultural Nutrient ratio FUE1
rainfall (000 tonnes) production N-P2O5-K20+ kg production
(mm) (million tonnes) micronutrient /kg fertilizer
%
1989/90 238 2 114 45.4 100-75-00+0 10.8
1991/92 314 2 608 62.5 100-70-00+0 12.0
1993/94 202 1 946 53.3 100-70-03+0 13.9
1994/95 282 1 933 54.7 100-63-01+0 14.2
1995/96 231 2 225 55.9 100-54-08+0.2 12.6
1997/98 314 1 942 65.0 100-43-06+0.5 11.8
1998/99 195 2 400 60.7 100-44-15+1.0 12.7
1999/00 148 3 100 57.0 100-50-14+1.2 9.2
2000/01 182 3 060 59.1 100-40-18+1.7 9.7
2001/02 254 3 275 71.3 100-51-15+1.5 10.9
2002/03 247 2 880 76.5 100-39-11+1.0 13.5
2003/04 243 3 100 77.2 100-50-15+1.0 12.5
1
FUE = fertilizer use efficiency

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