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ISSN: 2278-0181
Vol. 3 Issue 5, May - 2014
Abstract There are several analytical tools available for reduction in ultimate shear strength due to an increase in beam
analyzing deep beams. Among all the available analytical size.
methods, finite element analysis (FEA) offers a better option.
In this paper the attempt has been made to study, the behavior of Beams with comparable large depths in relation to spans are
deep beam of various span to depth ratio by ANSYS 13.0 under called deep beams. According to I.S: 456-2000, a simply
two point loading of 50KN. The detailed analysis has been supported beam is classified as deep beam when the ratio of its
carried out by using non-linear finite element method and design effective span L to overall depth D is less than 2.0 and
of deep beam by using I.S 456-2000. The objectives of this study continuous beams are considered as deep beam when the ratio
are to observe deflection, cracking of deep beams subjected to L/D is less than 2.5. The effective span is defined as the
two point loading of 50KN. To study non- linear finite element centre-to-centre distance between the supports or 1.15 times
analysis of deep beam by using ANSYS having different L/D
ratio (1.5, 1.6, 1.71) and To study stress distribution of deep
the clear span whichever is less. The bending stress
beam.
distribution across any transverse section in deep beams
Keywords deep beam, non-linear finite elemnt, ANSYS13.0, deviates appreciably from the straight line distribution
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deflection. assumed in the elementary beam theory. Consequently section
which is plane before bending does not remain plain after
I. INTRODUCTION bending.
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Reinforced concrete deep beam are very useful members II. OBJECTIVE OF STUDY
widely used in buildings, bridges and infrastructures. Deep The main objective of study is to analysis a deep beam of
beams are the beam with a depth comparable with their span various Length to span ratio by ANSYS 13.0 under two point
length. To consider a beam as a deep beam, depth to span loading. The detailed analysis has been carried out using non-
length should be less than a certain value. This ratio is the linear finite element method & design using I.S 456-2000.
most frequently used parameter by researchers and engineers. The objective of the investigation are listed below
Generally, the simply supported beam with span to depth ratio 1. To observe deflection, cracking of deep
less than 2 is classified as deep beam and beam with span to beams subjected to two point loading.
depth ratio exceeding 2 as shallow beams. 2. To study non- linear finite element analysis
Reinforced concrete deep beams, in particular, show much of deep beam by using ANSYS of beam
complicated response to any sort of loads subjected to such having different L/D ratio (1.5, 1.6, 1.71)
members than conventional beams. It is well-known that deep 3. To study stress distribution (flexural, shear)
beams behave very differently from shallow beams as arch of deep beam.
action rather than flexure dominates the behavior, after
diagonal cracking has occurred. However, causes of size effect
in deep beams remain unresolved. This is mainly because III. FINITE ELEMENT METHOD
experimental data are relatively scarce on deep beams with The FEM is a numerical method for analyzing
geometrically-varied beam sizes. A common practice in structures and continua. Usually the problem addressed is too
experimental investigation of size effect of deep beams is to complicated tobe solved satisfactorily by classical analytical
keep the beam width constant while increasing the beam methods. The problem may concern stress analysis, heat
height. It was implicitly assumed by researchers that the beam conduction, or any of several other areas. The finite element
width has a negligible effect on the structural behavior of deep procedure produces many simultaneous algebraic equations
beams. However, this conclusion is largely drawn from test which are generated and solved on digital computer. Results
results of beams having small height-to-thickness ratios. Size are rarely exact. However, errors are decreased by processing
effect in shallow reinforced concrete beams is represented by more equations, and results accurate enough for engineering
purposes are obtainable at reasonable cost.
The finite element analysis typically involves the following Step 5: check for bearing stresses
steps. Per. bearing stress= 0.45 fck. cl.34.4,IS 456-2000 pn 66
1. Divide the structure or continuum intofinite elements. = 0.45 x 20
Mesh generations programs called preprocessor, help = 9 N/mm2
the user in doing this work. Bearing stress at supports and at loading point
2. Formulate the properties of each element. In stress b= vu/ st
analysis, this means determining nodal loads Where
associated with all elements deformation states are vu= factored S.F.
allowed. S= width of support 60 mm
3. Assemble elements to obtain the finite element model t = thickness of beam.
of the structure. = 8.33 N/ mm2 < 0.45 fck..hence safe
4. Apply the known loads; nodal forces, and/or moment Provide bearing plate of 60 x 150 mm at support as well as
in stress analysis. loading point.
5. In stress analysis, specify how the structure is
Step 6: Calculation of bending moment
supported .this step involves setting several nodal
displacements into known values.
6. Solve the simultaneous linear algebraic equations a)Load due to self weight = 1.5 (b x D x 25 )
to determine nodal dof. = 1.5 ( 0.150 x 0.35 x 25 )
7. In stress analysis, calculate the element strains
from the nodal d.o.f. and the elelment displacement . = 1.968 KN/m
field interpolation, and finally stress from strains. b)Maximum Factored B.M. due to self weight = wl2/ 8
= 1.968 x 0.62/ 8
= 0.0885 KNm.
IV. PARAMETRIC INVESTIGATION C) Maximum Factored B.M. due to two point loads
= 50 x 0.20 x 1.5
A. Data For Design Of Deep Beam: = 15 KNm
Following are the data chosen for design purpose: Total Factored B.M.(Mu) = 15 + 0.0085
Length L =700 mm, Effective depth d = 320mm, Depth D = 15.00885 KNm
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=350 mm, Width B = 150 mm, two point loading of 50 KN Step 7: Calculation of flexural reinforcement
shear span = 200 mm, Clear Cover = 30 mm. Ast = Mu / (0.87 x fyx z )
Use M20 and Fe 415. = 15.00885 x 106/ ( 0.87 x 415 x 260 )
Ast = 133.408 mm2
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fig.6 Cracking
I. Deformed Shape
Fig.7.Deformed Shape
Span to depth 1.5 1.6 1.71 It is well recognized that the exact analysis of concrete
ratio
Flexural steel 85.06 95.862 102.689
deep beams is a complex problem. This ease can be
required in attributed to the use of computer programmes. In principle
ANSYS has the capacity of idealizing any continuum into
Flexural steel 157 157 157 finer mesh which in turn enhances the results obtained, and
provided in 2-10 2-10 2-10
with a high speed of operation. Starting from the literature
survey regarding analysis of deep beams the different
Load at first 172 164 153 parameters that affect properties of deep beam were
crack studied.After doing non linear finite element analysis of deep
Load at 303 289 267 beam using ANSYS 13.0 following points to be concluded.
failure
1. Deflection of beams increases as span to depth ratio
Deflection at 0.557 0.538 0.434
first crack,mm decreases.
2. As span to depth ratio goes on decreasing the load at
Deflection at 1.269 1.186 1.230
failure,mm failure goes decreasing.
REFERENCES
[1] Ding Dajun( 2002 ) Studies and Proposals for design of concrete deep
beams. Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol-28, No-4, January-
March 2002 Page No 205-212.
[2] G. AppaRao and K.Kunal (2010) Studies on effect of size on strength
and ductility of RCdeep beams. Journal of Structural Engineering,
February-March 2010, Vol-36, No-6 Page No 393-400.
[3] Gerardo Aguilar, Adolfo B. Matamoros (2002) Experimental
Evaluation of Design Procedures for Shear Strength of Deep Reinforced
Concrete Beams. ACI Structural Journal, Vol-99, No-4, July- August
2002 Page No 539-548.
[4] Michael P. Collins, Evan C. Bentz (2008) Where is Shear
Reinforcement Required ? Review of Research Results and Design
Procedures. ACI Structural Journal Vol-105, September-October 2008,
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[5] Varghese Advanced design of reinforced concrete structures, Prentice Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) Vol.3, Issue.1, Jan-
Hall Of India, New Delhi. Feb. 2013 pp-45-52 ISSN: 2249-6645.
[6] J.N. Reddy, An Introduction To Finite Element Method, Mcgraw-Hill [9] S. Ramamrutham, Design of Reinforced concrete structures.(DhanpatRai
International Edition, 1984. publishing company,2011).
[7] Varghese And Krishnamoorthy,(1966), Strength And Behavior Of Deep [10] AnandParande, P. Dhayalan, M. S. Karthikeyan, K. Kumar and N.
Reinforced Concrete Beams. Palaniswamy, Assessment of Structural Behavior of Non-corroded and
[8] Prof. S. S. Patil, A. N. Shaikh, Prof. Dr. B. R. Niranjan, Experimental Corroded RCC Beams Using Finite Element Method, Sensors &
and Analytical Study on Reinforced Concrete Deep Beam.International Transducers Journal, Vol. 96, Issue 9, pp.121-136(2008).
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