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Electronics Workbench Circuit Simulation Using multiSIM

In this tutorial, example circuits with transformers are simulated and you will

Examine how transformers respond to dc and ac signals

Use EWB instruments to measure voltages in a transformer

The transformer is available in the Basic parts bin as shown in Figure 15-1. Before moving the
transformer symbol onto the screen, you will need to select the transformer from the Component
Browser, which will appear when you click on a transformer in the Basic part bin. After you have picked
a transformer from the Component Browser you will be able to place it on the screen. Double-click on it
and get the Transformer Properties dialog box as shown in Figure 15-2. To change transformer
parameters, such as the label, display, and fault, click on the Replace button and you get
the Component Browser dialog box (the one for the Ideal model is shown in Figure 15-2).

Figure 15-1 The Basic parts bin and transformer symbol. Note the primary windings are on the left and
the secondary windings are on the right. If the transformer has a center tap, it is in the middle on the
right.
Figure 15-2 Transformer Component Browser.

Figure 15-3 Transformer Properties dialog box.

Several different transformer models are available in the default, audio, and miscellaneous categories.
EWB uses the ratio of primary turns to secondary turns as the turns ratio. Although this is opposite
from the definition of turns ratio in the textbook, both are valid. Notice that the transformer symbol may
have a secondary center tap, which is required in some applications such as rectifiers. The + labels on
the transformer symbol are "transformer dots" described in the textbook and indicate polarity. When
the top of the primary winding is positive, the top of the secondary winding is also positive.

Example 15-1
Measure the primary and secondary voltages in Figure 15-4.

Figure 15-4
Solution The oscilloscope shows both primary and secondary waveforms. The red waveform is the 60
Hz primary voltage of 120 V peak. The secondary voltage is 24.8 V, which makes the secondary turns
to primary turns 0.2 in this case. The waveforms are in-phase because of the directions of the
transformer windings as indicated in the transformer symbol are the same.

Simulation Connect the circuit in Figure 15-4 and run the simulation.

It is usually convenient to color code waveforms for identification when you are measuring more than
one voltage, as in the previous example. To color code a waveform, right-click on the wire which
connects the voltage to the oscilloscope and select color. A color dialog box will appear pick a color.
The resulting waveform will be the same color, as you can see in the example where red was selected
as the wire color and the corresponding waveform is red.

Example 15-2
Connect a dc voltage source to the primary of a transformer and show that there is no secondary
voltage because the transformer does not couple dc voltage.

Figure 15-5

Solution The dc voltmeter in Figure 15-5 indicates close to 0 V dc with the 12-V dc source connected
to the primary. The dc meter is available from the Indicators parts bin and by double-clicking on the
icon, you can select either dc or ac function.

Simulation Connect the circuit in Figure 15-5 and verify the simulation results. The error message
from multiSIM is the program complaining that this is not a normal use for a transformer.

EWB MultiSIM Exercises

1. Connect the circuit in Figure 15-4 with a turns ratio of 2 instead of .2 and observe the primary
and secondary voltages.
2. Use the Component Browser dialog box and observe the properties of each model available in
the library.

Changing the turns ratio of a transformer in multiSIM

This procedure is not found in the Help section of multiSIM. Start with a transformer that needs to have
its turn ratio changed, as in Figure 15-5 from n=primary turns/secondary turns=2 to an n=.2

Figure 15-6

Double-click on the transformer’s symbol and Figure 15-7 will appear.

Figure 15-7

Click on Edit Model, and Figure 15-8 will appear.

Figure 15-8

Note the value of n in Figure 15-8, n=2. If this n is changed nothing would happen because the
statement n=2 is in a remark statement. The * is making the entire line of code a remark.
To change the turn ratio the values for F1, F2, E1, and E2 will need to be changed. In
multiSIM n=primary turns/secondary turns, change the last number of values F1 and F2 to 1/n, and
change the last number of values E1 and E2 to (F1)/2. Figure 15-9 (a) shows a before view and Figure
15-9 (b) shows the after view of the Edit Model box.

Currently n=2; the last number of F1 and F2 is 0.5, which is 1/n; and the last number of E1 and E2 is
.25 which is F1/2.

To change the turn ratio to n=.2 the following changes must be made. Change the last number of F1
and F2 to 5. Change the last number of E1 and E2 to 2.5.

For identification change n in the second line to .2

(a)
 (b)

Figure 15-9

Figure 15-10 illustrates the results of the changes.

 >

Figure 15-10

In Figure 15-10 channel A shows 30 V or 120/(n*2) and channel B shows 300 V or 120/(n*2)

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