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Electrical
Code
Roel B. Calano
Roel B. Calano
Introduction
PEC Part I Consist of rules which regulates electrical installation or
design done inside the building
PEC Part II Consist of rules which regulates electrical installation or
design done outside the building
Roel B. Calano
Introduction
Coverage of PEC Not Covered of PEC
Public and Private building Aircrafts
Generating and industrial Plant Motor Vehicle
Electric Substations, Industrial
Plants and Transformer Stations Railways rolling stack
Airfields
Switchyards
Recreational establishment
Quarries and mines
Offshore establishment
Mobile homes
etc.
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Branch Circuit Loading
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Branch Circuit Loading
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Branch Circuit Loading
Additional
receptacle if
more than
1700 mm
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Receptacle General Provision
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Receptacle General Provision
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Ampacity and Rating
Fastened in a place = 50 %
Not Fastened in a place = 80 %
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Ampacity and Rating
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Ampacity and Rating
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Ampacity and Rating
Roel B. Calano
Ampacity and Rating
Fuses and Fixed-Trip Circuit Breakers. The standard ampere ratings
for fuses and inverse time circuit breakers shall be considered
15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100,
110, 125, 150, 175,
200, 225, 250,
300, 350,
400, 450,
500,
600,
700,
800,
1000, 1200, 1600, 2000,
2500, 3000, 4000,
5000, and 6000 amperes. Additional standard ampere ratings for
fuses shall be 1, 3, 6, 10, and 601. The use of fuses and inverse
time circuit breakers with nonstandard ampere ratings shall be
permitted.
Roel B. Calano
Branch Circuit
Circuit Rating Receptacle Maximum Load
Amperes Rating Amperes Amperes
15 or 20 15 12
20 20 16
30 30 24
Over current
Circuit Rating Maximum Load
Protection
15 A 15 A 15 A
20 A 20 A 20 A
30 A 30 A 30 A
40 A 40 A 40 A
50 A 50 A 50 A
Branch Circuit Rating = Receptacle (outlet) Rating = Size of the
Protective Device = Ampacity of the serving conductor = Maximum Load
Roel B. Calano
Branch Circuit
A. 15- and 20-Ampere Branch Circuits. A 15- or 20-ampere branch
circuit shall be permitted to supply lighting units or other
utilization equipment, or a combination of both
Roel B. Calano
Branch Circuit
B. 30-Ampere Branch Circuits. A 30-ampere branch circuit shall be
permitted to supply fixed lighting units with heavy-duty lamp
holders in other than a dwelling units or utilization equipment in
any occupancy. A rating of any one cord-and-plug-connected
utilization equipment shall not exceed 80 percent of the branch-
circuit ampere rating.
C. 40- and 50-Ampere Branch Circuits. A 40- or 50-ampere branch
circuit shall be permitted to supply cooking appliances that are
fastened in place in any occupancy. In other than dwelling units,
such circuits shall be permitted to supply fixed lighting units
with heavy-duty lamp holders, infrared heating units, or other
utilization equipment.
Roel B. Calano
Branch Circuit
D. Branch Circuits Larger Than 50 Amperes. Branch circuits larger
than 50 amperes shall supply only non-lighting outlet loads.
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Branch Circuit
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Branch Circuit
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Branch Circuit
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Feeder Loading
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Feeder Demand Factors for General
Lighting Load and Small Appliance Load
Type of Demand Potion of Lighting Load to
DF
Occupancy Which DF Apply
First 3,000 or less 100
Dwelling Units From 3,001 to 120,000 35
Remainder Over 120,000 25
First 50,000 or Less 40
Hospitals
Remainder Over 50,000 20
Hotels and Motels First 20,000 or less 50
Including Apartment From 20,001 to 100,000 40
House Remainder Over 100,000 30
First 12,500 or less 100
Warehouse
Remainder Over 12,500 50
All Others Total VoltAmpere 100
Roel B. Calano
Conductors-Wires and Cables
No of strand =
3n2 - 3n +1
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Conductors-Wires and Cables
Thermoplastic Insulation
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Conductors-Wires and Cables
Heat Rating
no H (ex TW, UF) = 60 degrees Celsius
H = 75 degrees Celsius
HH = 90 degrees Celsius
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Conductors-Wires and Cables
Short Circuit
Temperature =
150 degrees
Celsius
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Conductors-Wires and Cables
Cu Al
2.0 sq mm 2.0 sq mm
IAl = 84 % ICu
Cu Al
15 A 15 A
Acu = 84 % AAl
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Conductor Correction Factor
Voltage Class
MV 1 kV to 34.5 kV
4.16 kV, 13.8 kV, 21 kV, 22 kV, 34.5 kV
HV 34.5 kV to 230 kV
69 kV, 115 kV, 230 kV
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Voltage Class
Electric Field
Magnetic Field
Current Voltage
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Voltage Class
480 V
600 V
120 V
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Voltage Drop
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Conduit Fill
4 -6 80
7-9 70
10-20 50
21-30 45
31 -40 40
41 and above 35
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Ampacity Derating Factor
600 mm
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Color Coding
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Green - Grounding
Color Coding
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Conductor Size and Support
Size for span less than Size for span less than
Voltage Application
15 m 15 m
600 Volts or less 5.5 sq mm Copper 8.0 sq mm Copper
600 Volts or less 8.0 sq mm Aluminum 14.0 sq mm Aluminum
8.0 sq mm Cable
600 Volts or more 14.0 sq mm Copper
Copper
14.0 sq mm Cable
600 Volts or more 22.0 sq mm Aluminum
Aluminum
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Service Entrance
Roel B. Calano
Service Entrance
Roel B. Calano
Service Entrance
600 Volts, Nominal, or Less. Conductors of 600 volts, nominal, or
less, shall comply with the spacing provided in PEC
Over 600 Volts, Nominal. Conductors of over 600 volts, nominal, shall
comply with the spacing provided in PEC
Roel B. Calano
Service Entrance
Conductors on Poles. Conductors on poles shall have a separation of
not less than 300 mm where not placed on racks or brackets.
Conductors supported on poles shall provide a horizontal climbing
space not less than the following:
Roel B. Calano
Service Drop
Overhead spans of open conductors and open multi-conductor cables
of not over 600 volts, nominal, shall conform to the following:
Roel B. Calano
Lighting Equipment on Poles or
Other Structure
Wiring on Buildings - The installation of outside wiring on surfaces
of buildings shall be permitted for circuits of not over 600 volts
nominal as open wiring on insulators, as multiconductor cable, as
Type MC cable, as Type MI cable, as messenger supported wiring,
in rigid metal conduit, in intermediate metal conduit, in rigid
nonmetallic conduit, in cable trays, as cablebus, in wireways, in
auxiliary gutters, in electrical metallic tubing, in flexible metal
conduit, in liquid-tight flexible metal conduit, liquid-tight flexible
nonmetallic conduit, and in busways.
Open-Conductor Supports - In spans exceeding 12 metres, the
conductors shall be supported by a messenger wire; and the
messenger wire shall be supported by strain insulators. Conductors
or messenger wires shall not be attached to any fire escape,
downspout, or plumbing equipment
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Service Entrance
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Service Entrance
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Service Entrance
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Rating of Disconnect
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Methods of Grounding
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Methods of Grounding
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Grounding System
On AC premises wiring systems, the conductor to be
grounded shall be as specified in the following:
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Grounding System
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Grounding System
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Grounding System
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Grounding System
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Grounding System
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Neutral Conductor
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Raceway Methods and Materials
** Cables suitable for use in cable trays are marked CT (Cable Tray)
on the outside of the jacket
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Electrical System Protection Basic
Components
Voltage transformers and current transformers: To
monitor and give accurate feedback about the
healthiness of a system.
Relays: To convert the signals from the monitoring
devices, and give instructions to open a circuit under
faulty conditions or to give alarms when the equipment
being protected, is approaching towards possible
destruction.
Fuses: Self-destructing to save the downstream
equipment being protected.
Roel B. Calano
Electrical System Protection Basic
Components
Circuit breakers: These are used to make circuits
carrying enormous currents, and also to break the circuit
carrying the fault currents for a few cycles based on
feedback from the relays.
DC batteries: These give uninterrupted power source to
the relays and breakers that is independent of the main
power source being protected
Roel B. Calano
1
0.5
u
p
n
i 0
e
g
a
tl
o
V -0.5
-1
0 5 10 15
Time in cycles
IF= 5 pu
Roel B. Calano
CB
T
R
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Motor Installation
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Motor Installation
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Multiple Motor Installation
Feeder Rating = 125 % HFLA in a group + 100 % sum of
Other FLA in a group
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Multiple Motor Installation
Inverse Time Setting = 250 % HFLA in a group + 100 %
sum of Other FLA in a group
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Motor Installation
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Wiring Methods
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Drives, Excitation and Regulation
Automatic Control
Excitation
System
Power
Drives
DC Generator AC Motor
Exciter
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Generator Operation
The Generator Spins above synchronous speed
Mechanical Energy is Transformed into Kinetic Energy
and is Converted into Electrical Energy
Delivers Active Power to the Electrical System
The Electrical System must provide Reactive Power for
the creation of Magnetic Field
High Engine speeds produced greater electrical output
Load
Generator Prime Mover
Exciter
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Generator Operation
The Generator size is affected by the rating, enclosure
and the application
Typical prime mover is a diesel engine
Power Rating is expressed in Watts
Generator exciter provides residual magnetism
As the load of Generator increases the frequency
decreases
Load
Generator Prime Mover
Exciter
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Power Measurement
Load
Generator
Exciter
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Surge Arrester Selection
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Connecting Surge Arrester
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Surge Arrester Selection
Line and ground connecting conductors shall not be
smaller than 14 AWG copper or 12 AWG aluminum.
A surge arrester shall be permitted to be connected
between any two conductors ungrounded
conductor(s), grounded conductor, grounding
conductor.
The grounded conductor and the grounding conductor
shall be interconnected only by the normal operation of
the surge arrester during a surge.
Roel B. Calano
Surge Arrester Selection
Circuits of 1 kV and Over Surge-Arrester Conductors.
The conductor between the surge arrester and the line
and the surge arrester and the grounding connection
shall not be smaller than 6 AWG copper or aluminum.
Roel B. Calano
Lightning Arrester
Lightning arrester are protective devices for limiting
surge voltages due to lightning strikes or equipment
faults or other events, to prevent damage to equipment
and disruption of service.
Roel B. Calano
Cable Wiring Methods and
Materials
Armored Cable ( AC, ACT, and ACL ) - fabricated assembly of
insulated conductors enclosed in a flexible metal sheath used
both in exposed and concealed work for branch circuit and
feeders in both exposed and concealed work and in cable tray
where identified for such use.
Metal Clad Cable ( MC ) - factory assembled cable of one or
more conductors, each individually insulated and enclosed in
a metallic sheath interlocking tape, or a smooth or corrugated
tube, used specifically for services, feeders, branch circuit,
either exposed or concealed, and for indoor or outdoor work.
Metal Insulated Cable, Metal Sheathed Cable ( MI ) - factory
assembled cable of one or more conductors insulated with
highly compressed refractory mineral insulation and enclosed
in a liquid tight and gas tight continuous copper sheath, used
in a dry , wet, or continuously moist location as in service,
feeders, or branch circuits, indoors or outdoors, exposed or
concealed.
Roel B. Calano
Cable Wiring Methods and
Materials
Non-metallic Sheated Cable (NM and NMC) - factory assembled
two or more insulated conductors having a moisture resistant,
flame retardant and non-metallic outer sheath. used specifically
for one or two family dwellings, multifamily dwellings and other
structure
Shielded Non-metallic Sheated Cable (SNM) - A factory
assembled two or more insulated conductors in an extruded core
of moisture resistant and flame resistant non-metallic, covered
with an overlapping spiral metal tape and wire shield and
jacketed with an extruded moisture, flame, oil, corrosion, fungus
and sunlight resistant non-metallic material. Used where
operating temperature do not exceed the rating worked on the
cable
Service Entrance Cable (SE & USE) - A single or multi-conductor
assembly provided with or without an overall covering, primarily
and for services. Used for installation in cable trays, raceways or
where supported by a messenger wire
Roel B. Calano
Cable Wiring Methods and
Materials
Underground Feeder and Branch Circuit Cable (UF) - A
moisture resistant cable. Used for underground, including
direct burial in the earth, as feeder or branch circuit cable
Power & Control Tray cable (TC) A factory assembled two or
more insulated conductors with or without associated bare or
covered grounded conductor under nonmetallic sheath.
Flat Cable Assemblies (FC)- An assembly of parallel
conductors formed integrally with an insulating material web
specially designed for field installation in metal surface
raceway. Used for branch circuit not exceeding 30 amperes
and in locations where they will not be exposed to severe
physical damage.
Roel B. Calano
Cable Wiring Methods and
Materials
Flat Conductor Cable (FCC) - Consists of three or more flat
copper conductor placed edge to edge & separated and
enclose within an insulating assembly. Used for general
purpose and appliance branch circuits and for individual
branch circuits specifically in hard, smooth, continuous floor
surfaces specially for under carpet (up to 914 mm2) wiring to
floor outlets (floor mounted type FCC).
Medium Voltage Cables (MV) - single or multi-conductor solid
dielectric insulated cable rated at 2,001 or higher. Used for
power system up to 35,000 volts nominal, in wet or dry
locations, in raceway, cable trays.
Integrated Gas Spacer Cable (IGS) - A factory assembled
cable of one or more conductors, each individually insulated
and enclosed in a loose fit nonmetallic flexible conduit rated 0
600 V.
Roel B. Calano
Cable Wiring Methods and
Materials
Integrated Gas Spacer Cable (IGS) - A cable and conduit
system for underground use, including direct burial in the
earth, as service-entrance conductors or as feeder or branch
circuit conductors advantages include low material and
installation cost, eliminate field pulling or cables into conduit
and eliminates the cost of assembly of conduit in the field.
Uses SF6 (sulfuric hexafluoride gas) insulation.
Roel B. Calano
Raceway Methods and Materials
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Raceway Methods and Materials
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Raceway Methods and Materials
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Raceway Methods and Materials
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Raceway Methods and Materials
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Raceway Methods and Materials
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Electrical System Design
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Riser Diagram/Distribution System
Thank You
Roel B. Calano