CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU)

Central Processing Unit (CPU) consists of the following features

CPU is considered as the brain of the computer.

CPU performs all types of data processing operations.
It stores data, intermediate results, and instructions (program).
It controls the operation of all parts of the computer.

CPU itself has following three components.

Memory or Storage Unit

Control Unit
ALU(Arithmetic Logic Unit)

Memory or Storage Unit

This unit can store instructions, data, and intermediate results. This unit supplies information to other units of the computer when
needed. It is also known as internal storage unit or the main memory or the primary storage or Random Access Memory (RAM).

Its size affects speed, power, and capability. Primary memory and secondary memory are two types of memories in the computer.
Functions of the memory unit are

It stores all the data and the instructions required for processing.

It stores intermediate results of processing.

It stores the final results of processing before these results are released to an output device.

All inputs and outputs are transmitted through the main memory.
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Control Unit
This unit controls the operations of all parts of the computer but does not carry out any actual data processing operations.

Functions of this unit are

It is responsible for controlling the transfer of data and instructions among other units of a computer.

It manages and coordinates all the units of the computer.

It obtains the instructions from the memory, interprets them, and directs the operation of the computer.

It communicates with Input/Output devices for transfer of data or results from storage.

It does not process or store data.

ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit)

This unit consists of two subsections namely,

Arithmetic Section
Logic Section

Arithmetic Section
Function of arithmetic section is to perform arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. All complex
operations are done by making repetitive use of the above operations.

Logic Section
Function of logic section is to perform logic operations such as comparing, selecting, matching, and merging of data.

INTERNET

Introduction: Internet is a world-wide network of computerized devices and servers. Data travels to and fro among computer
systems and servers.

Around three billion people around the world are using internet. The countries with largest number of internet users includes China,
United States, and India.

The organization that provides the internet facility to users is called Internet Service Provider (ISP). They normally charge a usage
based fees from the customers.

Advantage
There are many advantages of internet.

1. We can make donations online.

2. We can send and receive information across large matrix of computer systems. Through email service, we can send messages
for both business and personal purposes.
3. Internet has opened doors for virtual online offices.
4. During the festive season, we dont need to visit crowed stores to buy our stuff. We can make online purchases at a bargain
price.
5. We can send birthday greeting cards through the internet.
6. Before making any purchases, we can check online for user reviews of the products that we intend to buy.
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7. We can use social media applications on our personal computer and mobile devices. In this way, we can reconnect to our old
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school friends.
8. We can gather information for new job openings. We can also apply online for jobs.
 9. We can earn online by doing freelancing jobs, selling online, completing surveys, affiliate marketing, etc.
10. We can also sell old items that are of no use for us.
11. During idle time, we can listen to music or watch a video.
Disadvantages
The disadvantages of internet are:

1. We often tend to purchase those extra items that we rarely need. Such purchases are a wastage of money.
2. The internet is not free. Sometimes, it hurts while paying bills.
3. There are hundreds of vendors selling products of various brands. We get confused with too many choices.
4. The transaction cost levied by the payment gateway providers decreases the margin of the online sellers.
5. Too many contradictory review leads us nowhere.
6. The physical distance among loved ones is increasing.
7. Somewhere the emotional connect between people are missing.
8. We feel helpless when the internet connection is down.
9. We always remain engaged with many online activities such as checking emails, socializing, chatting, online shopping,
business-deals, etc. We dont get time to rest.
10. Our life is moving at the pace of internet. We seldom spare few moments of peace for us

URL

A URL is the most common type of Uniform Resource Identifier (URI). URIs are strings of characters used to identify a resource over

a network.

URL protocols include HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) and HTTPS (HTTP Secure) for web resources, "mailto" for email

addresses, "ftp" for files on a File Transfer Protocol (FTP) server, and telnet for a session to access remote computers.

A URL is mainly used to point to a webpage, a component of a webpage or a program on a website. The resource name consists of:

A domain name identifying a server or the web service; and

A program name or a path to the file on the server.

Optionally, it can also specify:

A network port to use in making the connection; or

A specific reference point within a file -- a named anchor in an HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) file.

For example, http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.htm specifies that:

The resource is to be retrieved using the HTTP protocol (which powers the web) via a web browser;

The resource is reached through the domain name system (DNS) name, which could be a single server, a load-balanced cluster of

servers or a service running on a system with a different name); and

The path to the specific resource is /rfc/rfc2396.htm.

TRANSMISSTION CONTROL PROTOCOL

TCP is a connection-oriented protocol, which means a connection is established and maintained until the application programs at each

end have finished exchanging messages. It determines how to break application data into packets that networks can deliver, sends

packets to and accepts packets from the network layer, manages flow control, andbecause it is meant to provide error-free data
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transmissionhandles retransmission of dropped or garbled packets as well as acknowledgement of all packets that arrive. In
the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) communication model, TCP covers parts of Layer 4, the Transport Layer, and parts of Layer

5, the Session Layer.

For example, when a Web server sends an HTML file to a client, it uses the HTTP protocol to do so. The HTTP program layer asks

the TCP layer to set up the connection and send the file. The TCP stack divides the file into packets, numbers them and then forwards

them individually to the IP layer for delivery. Although each packet in the transmission will have the same source and destination IP

addresses, packets may be sent along multiple routes. The TCP program layer in the client computer waits until all of the packets have

arrived, then acknowledges those it receives and asks for the retransmission on any it does not (based on missing packet numbers),

then assembles them into a file and delivers the file to the receiving application.

ARCNET (Attached Resource Computer NETwork)

ARCNET is one of the oldest, simplest, and least expensive types of Local-Area Network protocol, similar in purpose to Ethernet or
Token Ring. ARCNET was the first widely available networking system for microcomputers and became popular in the 1980s for
office automation tasks. ARCnet was introduced by Datapoint Corporation in 1977.
A special advantage of ARCNET is that it permits various types of transmission media - twisted-pair wire, coaxial cable, and fiber
optic cable - to be mixed on the same network. The specification is ANSI 878.1. It can have up to 255 nodes per network.
A new specification, called ARCnet Plus, will support data rates of 20 Mbps
Ethernet is a family of computer networking technologies for local area networks commercially introduced in 1980. Standardized in
IEEE 802.3, Ethernet has largely replaced competing wired local area network technologies. Ethernet uses a bus or star topology
Network and supports data transfer rates of 10 Mbps.
Ethernet Network uses the CSMA/CD access method to handle simultaneous demands. It is one of the most widely implemented LAN
standards. A newer version of Ethernet Network, called 100Base-T (or Fast Ethernet), supports data transfer rates of 100 Mbps.
And the newest version, Gigabit Ethernet supports data rates of 1 gigabit (1,000 megabits) per second. Ethernet is a physical and data
link layer technology for local area networks (LANs). Ethernet Network was invented by engineer Robert Metcalfe.

PRINTERS

In computing, a printer is a peripheral device which makes a persistent human-readable representation of graphics or text on

paper. The first computer printer design was a mechanically driven apparatus by Charles Babbage for his difference engine in the 19th

century; his mechanical printer design was not built until 2000. [2] The first electronic printer was the EP-101, invented by Japanese

company Epson and released in 1968. The first commercial printers generally used mechanisms from electric

typewriters and Teletype machines. The demand for higher speed led to the development of new systems specifically for computer

use. In the 1980s were daisy wheel systems similar to typewriters, line printers that produced similar output but at much higher speed,

and dot matrix systems that could mix text and graphics but produced relatively low-quality output. The plotter was used for those

requiring high quality line art like blueprints.

printers fall into the following categories:

daisy-wheel: Similar to a ball-head typewriter, this type of printer has a plastic or metal wheel on which the shape of
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each character stands out in relief. A hammer presses the wheel against a ribbon, which in turn makes an ink stain in the shape of the
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character on the paper.Daisy-wheel printers produce letter-quality print but cannot print graphics.
 dot-matrix: Creates characters by striking pins against an ink ribbon. Each pin makes a dot, and combinations of dots form
characters and illustrations.
ink-jet: Sprays ink at a sheet of paper. Ink-jet printers produce high-quality text and graphics.
laser: Uses the same technology as copy machines. Laser printers produce very high quality text and graphics.
LCD & LED :Similar to a laser printer, but uses liquid crystals or light-emitting diodes rather than a laser to produce an image on
the drum.
line printer: Contains a chain of characters or pins that print an entire line at one time. Line printers are very fast, but produce low-
quality print.
thermal printer: An inexpensive printer that works by pushing heated pins against heat-sensitive paper. Thermal printers are
widely used in calculators and fax machines.

TELEMEDICINE

Telemedicine is the use of telecommunication and information technology to provide clinical health care from a distance. It has been
used to overcome distance barriers and to improve access to medical services that would often not be consistently available in distant
rural communities. It is also used to save lives in critical care
Although there were distant precursors to telemedicine, it is essentially a product of 20th century telecommunication and information
technologies. These technologies permit communications between patient and medical staff with both convenience and fidelity, as
well as the transmission of medical, imaging and health informatics data from one site to another.
Early forms of telemedicine achieved with telephone and radio have been supplemented with videotelephony, advanced diagnostic
methods supported by distributed client/server applications, and additionally with telemedical devices to support in-home care.

Telemedicine can be beneficial to patients in isolated communities and remote regions, who can receive care from doctors or

specialists far away without the patient having to travel to visit them. [4] Recent developments in mobile collaboration technology can

allow healthcare professionals in multiple locations to share information and discuss patient issues as if they were in the same

place.[5] Remote patient monitoring through mobile technology can reduce the need for outpatient visits and enable remote

prescription verification and drug administration oversight, potentially significantly reducing the overall cost of medical

care.[6] Telemedicine can also facilitate medical education by allowing workers to observe experts in their fields and share best

practices more easily

RAM

RAM (Random Access Memory) is the internal memory of the CPU for storing data, program, and program result. It is a read/write
memory which stores data until the machine is working. As soon as the machine is switched off, data is erased.

Access time in RAM is independent of the address, that is, each storage location inside the memory is as easy to reach as other
locations and takes the same amount of time. Data in the RAM can be accessed randomly but it is very expensive.

RAM is volatile, i.e. data stored in it is lost when we switch off the computer or if there is a power failure. Hence, a backup
Uninterruptible Power System (UPS) is often used with computers. RAM is small, both in terms of its physical size and in the
amount of data it can hold.

RAM is of two types

Static RAM (SRAM)

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Dynamic RAM (DRAM)

Static RAM (SRAM)
The word static indicates that the memory retains its contents as long as power is being supplied. However, data is lost when the
power gets down due to volatile nature. SRAM chips use a matrix of 6-transistors and no capacitors. Transistors do not require power
to prevent leakage, so SRAM need not be refreshed on a regular basis.

There is extra space in the matrix, hence SRAM uses more chips than DRAM for the same amount of storage space, making the
manufacturing costs higher. SRAM is thus used as cache memory and has very fast access.

Characteristic of Static RAM

Long life
No need to refresh
Faster
Used as cache memory
Large size
Expensive
High power consumption

Dynamic RAM (DRAM)

DRAM, unlike SRAM, must be continually refreshed in order to maintain the data. This is done by placing the memory on a refresh
circuit that rewrites the data several hundred times per second. DRAM is used for most system memory as it is cheap and small. All
DRAMs are made up of memory cells, which are composed of one capacitor and one transistor.

Characteristics of Dynamic RAM

Short data lifetime

Needs to be refreshed continuously
Slower as compared to SRAM
Used as RAM
Smaller in size
Less expensive
Less power consumption

WINDOWS 7

Windows 7 is built on the Vista kernel. To many end users the biggest changes between Vista and Windows 7 are faster boot times,

new user interfaces and the addition of Internet Explorer 8. The OS is widely available in three retail editions: Windows 7 Home

Premium, Professional and Ultimate. Starter, OEM and Enterprise editions are available in some markets.

Windows 7 features:
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DirectAccess for Mobile Workers - Allows IT administrators to update Group Policy settings and distribute software updates any

time the mobile device has Internet connectivity, whether or not the user is logged on. DA supports multi-factor authentication and

encryption.

XP mode - Allows older applications designed for Windows XP to use a virtualized version of the XP operating system. To the end

user, the applications seem to be running right on the Windows 7 desktop.

BranchCache - WAN optimization through more effective use of local, read-only caches.

BitLocker To Go - Extends on-disk encryption and key management techniques to portable storage devices.

Virtual hard disk support - Allows you to mount a virtual hard disk (VHD) and interact with it as if it were a physical drive.

Enterprise Search - Extends search to remote document repositories, SharePoint sites and Web applications.

AppLocker - Allows IT administrators to use Group Policy to specify rules about what software applications can be run on a

particular user's desktop.

Enhanced VDI - Allows administrators to use the same master image for both remote clients using virtual desktop infrastructure and

traditional desktop computers.

According to Microsoft, Windows 7 requires 1 GHz processor (32- or 64-bit), 1 GB of RAM (32-bit) / 2 GB of RAM (64-bit), 16 GB

of available disk space (32-bit) / 20 GB of available disk space (64-bit) and a DirectX 9 graphics device with WDDM 1.0 or higher

driver.

STORAGE DEVICES

Storage devices are used to store data and instructions permanently. Storage devices are also called secondary storage devices /
backing storage devices / external storage devices or auxiliary storage devices. Examples of storage devices include Hard Disk, CD
and DVD etc.

Why Secondary Storage Devices are Used?

Secondary storage devices are used because:

1. Primary memory(RAM) is volatile and temporary. When computer is switched off, all data in ram is erased.
2. Storage devices can store large amounts of data and instructions permanently whereas Primary memory has less capacity of
storing data.
Types Of Storage Devices

There are three main types of storage devices:

1. Magnetic Tape 2. Magnetic Disk 3. Optical Disk

1. Magnetic Tape

Magnetic tape is the oldest storage device. It is made of plastic coated with magnetic material. Data is stored on magnetic tape in the
form of magnetic spots. Tape drive is used to read and write data on tape. Magnetic disk is sequential access device. It is slower
device than magnetic disk or optical disk. Magnetic tapes are used in reels of different lengths, for example 200, 600, 1200 feet etc.

2. Magnetic Disk

A magnetic disk is a thin circular metal or plastic disk coated with magnetic material. Data is stored in the form of magnetic spots.
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Magnetic disk is random access device. It is faster than magnetic tape. There are three main types of magnetic disk:
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a. Hard Disk b. Floppy Disk c. Zip Disk

a. Hard Disk

The hard disk is also called fixed disk. It consists of one or more metal plates. The plates are fixed in the drive. Metal plates are coated
with magnetic material to store data. A motor rotates disks. There is also an access arm and read / write heads to read and write data
on disks.
Following are major characteristics of hard disk:
- The storage capacity of hard disk is much greater than floppy disk.
- Now a days hard disks of size 40 GB, 80 GB or more are available.
- Hard disk is covered in a hard jacket and there are less chances of disk damage due to dust and mishandling.
- Now days Operating system and application programs are installed on hard disk.
- Before using a magnetic disk we use operating system to format the disk. Operating system divides the disk into circles called tracks.
Each track is divided into pie-shaped areas called sectors. Data is stored in sectors. Each sector can store 512 bytes.

b. Floppy Disk

Floppy disk is a small plastic plate coated with magnetic material. Data is stored in magnetic spots. Main advantage of floppy disk is
that it is used to transfer data from one computer to another. Floppy disk drive is used to read and write data on floppy disk.
Floppy disk is available in two sizes:
3 INCH Floppy Disk
It is also called micro floppy disk. Its diameter is 3 inch. It is covered in a hard plastic cover. Read/Write window is covered with a
metal shutter. When disk is inserted into disk drive then shutter is automatically opened. It can be write protected by a notch. Storage
capacity of micro floppy is 1.44 MB.
5 Inch floppy disk.
It is a 5 inch diameter plastic plate coated with magnetic material. Its storage capacity is 1.2 MB. It is not used in modern computers.

c. Zip Disk

Zip disk is similar to 3 inch floppy disk. But it can store 100 MB or more data. Zip disk drive is used to read and write data on a zip
disk.

3. Optical Disk

LASER technology is used to read and write data on Optical disk. LASER stands for Light Amplification through Emission of
Radiation. Laser beam writes on the surface of optical disk by creating very small holes. The presence of hole represents a One and
absence of the hole represents a Zero. There are following main types of optical disk.
1.CD-ROM, 2. CD-R or WORM, 3. CD-RW
4.DVD-ROM, 5. DVD-R, 6. DVD-RW

1. CD-ROM

CD-ROM stands for Compact Disk-Read Only Memory. The data stored on Cd-Rom can only be read. It cannot be deleted or
changed. It is a portable storage device. Data can be easily transferred by CD Rom from one computer to another. Commonly it can
store 650 MB / 700 MB/ 750 MB data. It is used to store large amounts of data like Software or audio/video data.We purchase
Software, movies, dramas, lectures, books, wallpapers and other data on Cd-Rom. There are many Advantages of Compact Disk.

2. CD-R (CD Recordable) Or WORM (Write Once Read Many)

CD-R stands for Compact Disk -Recordable. Initially, it is a blank disk. User can store data on it only once. This is why it is also
called WORM(Write Once Read Many) disk too. Because we can write data on it only once and later we can read many times. The
devices to store data on CD-R are called CD Writers or CD Burners. We can write data on CD-R only once, but can read data many
times. Because of this write once read many quality, CD-R is often known as WORM(write once read many).

3. CD-RW ( CD Rewritable )

CD-RW stands for Compact Disk Rewritable. This is a special type of CD. User can write data on it, if there is an error in writing
data, he may erase the contents and rewrite again. CD-Writers are used to store data on CD-RW.

4. DVD - Digital Video Disk (DVD-ROM)

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DVD stands for Digital Video Disk. A laser beam with a short wave length is used to create very very small holes on the surface of
disk. So there are much more tiny holes on the surface of DVD as compared to that of CD. Therefore, storage capacity of DVD is
much larger than CD. It can store up to 17 GB or more data. DVD-ROM is pre recorded and it can contain data like movies, videos
and software etc. User cannot change or delete data from DVD-ROM. It is read only. There are several Benefits of using Digital
Video Disk or DVD.

5. DVD-R (DVD-Recordable)
DVD-R stands for Digital Video Disk Recordable. Initially it is a blank disk. User can store data on disk only once. Then it becomes
read only. It is normally used to store high definition video movies. DVD-Writers are used to store data on DVD-R.

6. DVD-RW ( DVD Rewritable)

DVD-RW stands for Digital Video Disk Rewritable. User can write data on disk many times by erasing the old data.

WHAT IS A NETWORK?

A network consists of two or more computers that are linked in order to share resources (such as printers and CDs), exchange files, or
allow electronic communications. The computers on a network may be linked through cables, telephone lines, radio waves, satellites,
or infrared light beams.

Two very common types of networks include:

Local Area Network (LAN)

Wide Area Network (WAN)

You may also see references to a Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN), a Wireless LAN (WLAN), or a Wireless WAN (WWAN).

Local Area Network

A Local Area Network (LAN) is a network that is confined to a relatively small area. It is generally limited to a geographic area such
as a writing lab, school, or building.

Computers connected to a network are broadly categorized as servers or workstations. Servers are generally not used by humans
directly, but rather run continuously to provide "services" to the other computers (and their human users) on the network. Services
provided can include printing and faxing, software hosting, file storage and sharing, messaging, data storage and retrieval, complete
access control (security) for the network's resources, and many others.

Workstations are called such because they typically do have a human user which interacts with the network through them.
Workstations were traditionally considered a desktop, consisting of a computer, keyboard, display, and mouse, or a laptop, with with
integrated keyboard, display, and touchpad. With the advent of the tablet computer, and the touch screen devices such as iPad and
iPhone, our definition of workstation is quickly evolving to include those devices, because of their ability to interact with the network
and utilize network services.

Servers tend to be more powerful than workstations, although configurations are guided by needs. For example, a group of servers
might be located in a secure area, away from humans, and only accessed through the network. In such cases, it would be common for
the servers to operate without a dedicated display or keyboard. However, the size and speed of the server's processor(s), hard drive,
and main memory might add dramatically to the cost of the system. On the other hand, a workstation might not need as much storage
or working memory, but might require an expensive display to accommodate the needs of its user. Every computer on a network
should be appropriately configured for its use.

Nearly always servers will be connected by cables to the network, because the cable connections remain the fastest. Workstations
which are stationary (desktops) are also usually connected by a cable to the network, although the cost of wireless adapters has
dropped to the point that, when installing workstations in an existing facility with inadequate wiring, it can be easier and less
expensive to use wireless for a desktop.

See the Topology, Cabling, and Hardware sections of this tutorial for more information on the configuration of a LAN.
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Wide Area Network

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Wide Area Networks (WANs) connect networks in larger geographic areas, such as Florida, the United States, or the world. Dedicated
transoceanic cabling or satellite uplinks may be used to connect this type of global network.

Using a WAN, schools in Florida can communicate with places like Tokyo in a matter of seconds, without paying enormous phone
bills. Two users a half-world apart with workstations equipped with microphones and a webcams might teleconference in real time. A
WAN is complicated. It uses multiplexers, bridges, and routers to connect local and metropolitan networks to global communications
networks like the Internet. To users, however, a WAN will not appear to be much different than a LAN.

What Is DHCP?

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a client/server protocol that automatically provides an Internet Protocol (IP) host
with its IP address and other related configuration information such as the subnet mask and default gateway. RFCs 2131 and 2132
define DHCP as an Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) standard based on Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP), a protocol with which
DHCP shares many implementation details. DHCP allows hosts to obtain required TCP/IP configuration information from a DHCP
server.
Windows Server 2008 includes the DHCP Server service, which is an optional networking component. All Windows-based clients
include the DHCP client as part of TCP/IP, including Windows Vista, the Windows Server2003 operating system, the
Windows XP Professional operating system, Microsoft Windows2000 Professional operating system, Microsoft WindowsNT
Workstation4.0 operating system, Microsoft Windows Millennium Edition operating system, and the Microsoft Windows98
operating system.
Why use DHCP?
Every device on a TCP/IP-based network must have a unique unicast IP address to access the network and its resources. Without
DHCP, IP addresses for new computers or computers that are moved from one subnet to another must be configured manually; IP
addresses for computers that are removed from the network must be manually reclaimed.
With DHCP, this entire process is automated and managed centrally. The DHCP server maintains a pool of IP addresses and leases an
address to any DHCP-enabled client when it starts up on the network. Because the IP addresses are dynamic (leased) rather than static
(permanently assigned), addresses no longer in use are automatically returned to the pool for reallocation.
The network administrator establishes DHCP servers that maintain TCP/IP configuration information and provide address
configuration to DHCP-enabled clients in the form of a lease offer. The DHCP server stores the configuration information in a
database that includes:
Valid TCP/IP configuration parameters for all clients on the network.
Valid IP addresses, maintained in a pool for assignment to clients, as well as excluded addresses.
Reserved IP addresses associated with particular DHCP clients. This allows consistent assignment of a single IP address to a
single DHCP client.
The lease duration, or the length of time for which the IP address can be used before a lease renewal is required.
A DHCP-enabled client, upon accepting a lease offer, receives:
A valid IP address for the subnet to which it is connecting.
Requested DHCP options, which are additional parameters that a DHCP server is configured to assign to clients. Some
examples of DHCP options are Router (default gateway), DNS Servers, and DNS Domain Name. For a full list of DHCP
options, see DHCP Tools and Options.
Benefits of DHCP
In Windows Server 2008, the DHCP Server service provides the following benefits:
Reliable IP address configuration. DHCP minimizes configuration errors caused by manual IP address configuration, such
as typographical errors, or address conflicts caused by the assignment of an IP address to more than one computer at the same
time.
Reduced network administration. DHCP includes the following features to reduce network administration:
o Centralized and automated TCP/IP configuration.
o The ability to define TCP/IP configurations from a central location.
o The ability to assign a full range of additional TCP/IP configuration values by means of DHCP options.
o The efficient handling of IP address changes for clients that must be updated frequently, such as those for portable
computers that move to different locations on a wireless network.
o The forwarding of initial DHCP messages by using a DHCP relay agent, which eliminates the need for a DHCP
server on every subnet.
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 PACIFIC MEDICAL UNIVERSITY
B.Sc. Nursing I year
Main Examination Nov-2017
Subject Computer

Time: - 3:00 Hr. Max Marks- 75

Note: Attempt any five questions. All questions carry equal marks.

1. What is internet? Explain in detail about its advantages and disadvantages 15

2. Short notes (any three ) 3X5

A. URL

B. TCP

C. Printers

D. Tele-medicine

3. What is WINDOS? Explain features of windows 7 15

4. What do you mean by storage devices? Explain various storage devices in brief. 15

5. Discuss in detail about uses of computer in nursing. 15

6. What is DHCP? Explain uses and advantages of DHCP in detail. 15

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