THE SPACE RACE

technological causes anD effects

By Myah Caplan
The space Race (1957-1975)
The Space Race was a brief portion of the Cold War, in
which the world superpowers; The United States and
Russia, competed to develop superior space flight
technology before the other.
Causes & Effects
The Space Race was the product of countless technological
developments preceding it in the economic, political, and
social aspects of the world.

Nevertheless, the Space Race was also the cause of many

technological achievements in said fields, in addition to
dozens of new inventions.
The Space Race as an Effect
Social - Chinese Gunpowder
- China 142 CE
- Sulfur, saltpeter, charcoal
- First used in fireworks
- Later spread to Islam's,
Romans, an English and
Developed into weapons
Political - Enlightenment
- Karl Marx, Communism of U.S.S.R.
- Adam Smith, Capitalism of U.S.A.
- Lead to respective political basis
or each superpower, creating
beginning of tension and nationalism
Economical - Industrialization
- Creation of jobs 1800s meant more skilled professions
- Development of factories allowed for the mass production
of parts and manufacturing
capabilities
- Successful economies raised
nationalistic generations
hungry for innovation
Social - Wright Brothers Plane
- First successful plane
- Flown December 7, 1903 in NC
- Used 4-cylinder gas engine
- First time a machine
carried man in their air
with its own power
Social - Robert Goddard

- Launched first liquid-fueled rocket

on March 16, 1926
- Reached an altitude of 41 feet,
lasted 2 seconds, and averaged
60 mph
- Liquid fuel allows thrust to be
more easily controlled, as needed
for space flight
Political - WWI & WWII
- The Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, and Nationalism
seen in both world wars contributed to the tension of the
Space Race
- Military missile technology helped
develop space shuttle thrusters
- The end of imperialism gave rise
to new nations who chose sides
- Nationalism fueled the competition
Social - Rosenbergs
- Russian spies accused of
giving Russians information
on the atomic bombs
- Highlighted and rose paranoia
about communism, making
it that much more important
to be the most advanced
Political - The Cold War
- WWII victory left U.S.A. and U.S.S.R. both with inflated egos
- Because they both won, what started out as simple rivalry,
became a cutthroat battle to see which had superior
technology
The Space Race as a Cause
J.F.K. Speech Excerpt
There is no strife, no prejudice, no national conflict in outer space as yet. Its
hazards are hostile to us all. Its conquest deserves the best of all mankind, and its
opportunity for peaceful cooperation many never come again. But why, some say,
the moon? Why choose this as our goal? And they may well ask why climb the
highest mountain? Why, 35 years ago, fly the Atlantic? Why does Rice play Texas?/
We choose to go to the moon. We choose to go to the moon in this decade and
do the other things, not because they are easy, but because they are hard,
because that goal will serve to organize and measure the best of our energies
and skills, because that challenge is one that we are willing to accept, one we
are unwilling to postpone, and one which we intend to win, and the others, too...
It is for these reasons that I regard the decision last year to shift our efforts in
space from low to high gear as among the most important decisions that will be
made during my incumbency in the office of the Presidency.
Resulting Inventions
Inventions
Inventions
Inventions
Inventions
Inventions
Inventions
Inventions
Inventions
Inventions
Inventions
Pictures
https://fas.org/blogs/security/2009/11/locations/
http://www.oceaneering.com/space-systems/human-space-flight/
http://www.space.com/32656-spaceflight-liver-damage-mice-space-shuttle.html
http://www.c3teachers.org/inquiries/industrialization/
http://krestaintheafternoon.blogspot.com/2010/05/adam-smith-father-of-savage-capitalism.html
http://www.salon.com/topic/karl_marx/
https://airandspace.si.edu/exhibitions/wright-brothers/online/fly/1903/
https://nsarchive.gwu.edu/nukevault/ebb525-The-Atomic-Bomb-and-the-End-of-World-War-II/
http://www.cnn.com/2014/03/04/world/gallery/cold-war-history/index.html
http://www.ronpaulinstitute.org/archives/featured-articles/2016/august/15/rethinking-the-cold-war/
https://paulingblog.wordpress.com/2015/09/23/julius-and-ethel-rosenberg-on-trial/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slide_rule
http://adventure.howstuffworks.com/survival/gear/space-blanket.htm
https://www.nachi.org/home-depot-smoke-detectors.htm
http://www.andalucia.com/property/tv.htm
http://www.healthyfoundations.com/pillowpic.html http://gaming.logitech.com/en-us/product/extreme-3d-pro-joystick
http://www.pcmag.com/reviews/laptop-computers
http://www.usa.philips.com/c-m-hs/health-programs/ear-thermometer
http://memory-alpha.wikia.com/wiki/Holodeck
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FU_pY2sTwTA
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slide_rule
Annotated Bibliography
Carr, K.E. "Gunpowder from China." Gunpowder from China. Quatr.us, 01 Jan. 2017. Web. 01

June 2017.

http://quatr.us/war/gunpowder.htm

This article was written by K.E. Carr, an Associate Professor at Portland State University. It describes, in detail, the rich history of gunpowder throughout the world. She explains the
beginnings of gunpowder in ancient China and how it was used in fireworks, and follows the substance all the way through its spread to Rome and Europe as well as the Middle East,
and its development into weapons. This is useful because it provides a clear trail of the innovation of gunpowder from fireworks, to the first rockets, and also provides a picture of a
primary source gunpowder hand cannon.

Clara Moskowitz, SPACE.com Assistant Managing Editor. "How Sputnik Changed the World 55 `Years Ago Today." Space.com. Purch, n.d. Web. 18 May 2017.

http://www.space.com/17894-sputnik-anniversary-changed-the-world.html

This article was written by Clara Moskowitz, the SPACE.com Assistant Managing editor. This source explains the significance of Russia's Sputnik projects, specifically Sputnik 1,
and its effect on society. She describes how impactful Sputnik 1 was, as it was the first artificial satellite to successfully orbit the Earth. This document is useful because it helps to
piece together the overall atmosphere of the world at the time of the Space Race. Sputnik 1 was a wake up call to the United States, and was the catalyst that really got our nation
involved in the Space Race.

Dunbar, Brian. "Robert Goddard: A Man and His Rocket." NASA. NASA, 22 Nov. 2007. Web.

01 June 2017.

https://www.nasa.gov/missions/research/f_goddard.html

This article, posted by the NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) website, explains a bit of Robert Goddards work in the stace industry. It starts by explaining his
early career as a student at WPI, and follows him through earning patents, and eventually developing and launching the first liquid-fueled rocket in 1926. This is useful because it
explains in depth the creation, and lead up, to the first liquid fueled technology.
Dunbar, Brian. "Societal Impact of the Space Age." NASA. NASA, 4 Apr. 2005. Web. 18 May

2017.

https://www.nasa.gov/exploration/whyweexplore/Why_We_09.html

This article is from the NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) website. It explains, in broad terms, how the Space Race impacted society in a cultural,
technological, and political sense. This article is useful because it touches on the outcomes of the Space Race, as well as the technological products that came with the new age, as
well as the unprecedented political decisions and policies created.

Kennedy, John F. "John F. Kennedy Moon Speech - Rice Stadium." NASA. NASA, 12 Sept.

1962. Web. 01 June 2017.

https://er.jsc.nasa.gov/seh/ricetalk.htm

This transcription of President John F. Kennedys speech explains the rationale for funding the space program in America. It also introduced the topic by explaining how
exponentially technology has grown in the past, and therefore inspired listeners to contribute, and support the astronauts, scientists, and engineers work.

Kolbe, Kerry. "10 Tech Developments to Thank the Space Race for." The Telegraph. Telegraph

` Media Group, 09 Feb. 2017. Web. 25 May 2017.

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/films/hidden-figures/technology-from-the-space-race/

This source was written by Kerry Kolbe, author for the Telegraph. Inspired by the film Hidden Figures, it explains the technological developments that resulted from the Space Race.
Such technology listed includes, artificial limbs, water purifiers, Satellite TV, smoke detectors, and space blankets. This is useful because it highlights the effects the Space Races has
on the world today.

Mead, Rob. "10 Tech Breakthroughs to Thank the Space Race for." TechRadar. TechRadar The

Source for Tech Buying Advice, 20 July 2009. Web. 25 May 2017.

http://www.techradar.com/news/world-of-tech/10-tech-breakthroughs-to-thank-the-space-race-for-617847
This source was written by Rob Mead, a writer for techradar.com, who explains in list form, devices that are a product of the technological advancements during the Space Race. His
article lists common items such as laptops, smoke detectors, and joysticks, and then describes how they were created as a result of the Space Race. This article is useful because it
very clearly states how the Space Race was the cause that lead to the creation of countless items that we have today.

"MULTIMEDIA." GPS, the Location Technology That Started with the Space Race. / SINC. EZ

Publish, 3 Dec. 2013. Web. 01 June 2017.

http://www.agenciasinc.es/en/Multimedia/Illustration/GPS-the-location-technology-that-started-with-the-space-race

This website, explains the creation of the GPS (Global Positioning System), and the involvement of the Space Race in that development. It describes how the possibility of GPS
technology can be traced back to Sputnik 1; as it was the first artificial satellite. This article us useful because it clearly illustrates a whole new technology, due to research from the
Space Race.

Otto, Sasjkia. "Apollo 11 Moon Landing: Top 15 Nasa Inventions." The Telegraph. Telegraph

Media Group, 22 July 2009. Web. 25 May 2017.

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/science/space/5893387/Apollo-11-moon-landing-top-15-Nasa-inventions.html

This source was written by Sasjkia Otto, for the Telegraph. It is a list of very specific technologies, that were developed during the Space Age. For example, he explains how invisible
braces are a result of the Space Race because they are made of ceramic that was created for spaceships. Additionally, shoe support insoles were also inspired by the Space Race,
many shoe companies modeled their shoes after the new supportive designs created for space boots. This is useful because it gives a device or tool that we use today, and explains
how it originated in the Space Age.

Ronca, Debra. "How Space Blankets Work." HowStuffWorks. HowStuffWorks, 24 Nov. 2009.

Web. 01 June 2017.

http://adventure.howstuffworks.com/survival/gear/space-blanket.htm

This document was written by Debra Ronca, for howstuffworks.com. In the text, she explains how space blankets work for various uses. Originally created as a heat shield to cool the
Skylab Space Station, today the temperature-regulating properties of space blankets are still useful. This article is helpful because it explains how a Space-Age invention now is used
by EMTs, marathon runners, and also hikers who camp at high altitudes.
Smith, Yvette. "The Father of Modern Rocketry and the Notion of a Liquid-Fueled
Rocket."NASA. NASA, 05 Jan. 2017. Web. 01 June 2017.

https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/the-father-of-modern-rocketry-and-the-notion-of-a-liquid-fueled-rocket

This article, edited by Yvette Smith for the NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) website, briefly explains Robert Goddards professional career. In addition to
providing a primary source picture of Goddard with his first liquid fueled rocket, this document explains how Goddard was not taken seriously at the start of his research. However,
he later got a $5,000 grant Hodgkins Fund for atmospheric research, and became successful. This article is useful for its primary source, and its insight into Goddards life.

"Sputnik 1." NASA. NASA, 27 Mar. 2017. Web. 1 June 2017.

https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1957-001B

This article was produced by NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration). It features a primary source picture of Sputnik 1, and describes the context and significance of
the satellite becoming the first man-made object to orbit the earth. This is useful because it provides the primary source picture, and it also gives background information.

Staff, Space News and SPACE.com. "Timeline: 50 Years of Spaceflight." Space.com. Purch, n.d.

Web. 01 June 2017.

http://www.space.com/4422-timeline-50-years-spaceflight.html

This website, created by SPACE.com, features an extremely detailed timeline of the Space Race and all the events leading up to it, composing it, and following it. The timeline
describes everything from the development of fireworks and gunpowder, to the launching of Sputnik, to the Apollo missions. This is helpful because it puts everything in perspective,
an simply conveys the chronological sequence of events.

Taylor, Joseph. "Washington State University." Fall 2014 The Space Race and Its Impact on

Technology Today Comments. Washington State University, 29 Aug. 2014. Web. 18 May

2017.
https://history105.libraries.wsu.edu/fall2014/2014/08/29/647/

This article, a final by student Joseph Taylor at Washington State University, explains the general impact of the Space Race on the world. Taylor explains how the Space Race was
the catalyst for an information boom that generated the exponential development of technology all over the world. This is significant because it describes the big-picture ripples of the
era.

"1903-The First Flight." National Parks Service. U.S. Department of the Interior, n.d. Web. 08

June 2017.

https://www.nps.gov/wrbr/learn/historyculture/thefirstflight.htm

This website, posted by the National Parks Service, explains the events of the first engine plane flight in 1903. Brothers Orville and Wilbur Wright developed a small plane that
resembled a box-kite. The plane flew 120-852 on its first day of testing, despite critics disbelief. This article is useful because in addition to providing a primary source picture of
the plane, it chronologically describes the events of the first flight.