Documentation ITIHCIS Final April 6

Chapter I
INTRODUCTION
Project Context
Health care is one of the basic social services that every Filipino is entitled to. But
quality health care is not just only about the services people get. It is also about how their
medical records are kept, to ensure that they get the best service there is. People usually
acquire these services to health centers, which according to the National Conference of
State Legislatures websites, are community-based local government units which aim to
provide immediate public health service. Services may range from consultations with
physicians, dental services, immunizations, health screenings, laboratory services, and
mental health services.
Along with these health center services, records are kept to monitor the patients
medical status and medical history. But the challenge here is systematically keeping and
managing volumes of information from all the patients of health centers. This information
is usually written on paper, which is time-consuming and also prone to error. Aside from
these, written records are more tedious to retrieve and more difficult to update.
In the context of Tanauan City, health data is first observed and compiled at the
barangay level. After that, it is submitted to the City Health Officer before it gets
forwarded to the Provincial Health Officer. This process is followed so that officers-in-
charge can check on the information and check anomalies, if there are any. By doing so,
they are able to address existing inconsistencies. However, as the information is passed
around, it deprives the higher health offices access to the timeliest information that they
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may use for national health matters. Also, passing around the information through each
level makes it more susceptible to errors, as mishandling may occur which could result to
its poorer quality and inefficiency in different services. This also results to poor
monitoring of the health conditions of the health center patients.
As of today, there is only one medical record database in the country. It is the
Philippine Information Health System (PHISystem) used by the Department of Health.
As for its smaller health units, they still subscribe to the paper work for all their
transactions and records. It is in these paper works that discrepancies arise, especially
with computations.
Upgrading the manual system to a computerized one can greatly help in data
collection in areas far from immediate health services. Combining routine data collection
with other data sources and periodically collected data can be done to obtain more data at
the community level. Once the manual system has been upgraded to a computerized one,
it could provide a faster, more efficient, more accurate, and more reliable record keeping
system.
According to Burg (2010), a health information system (HIS) is an information
system that specifically deals with processing and managing data, information, and
knowledge in a health care setting. A HIS involves technical, social, and organizational
aspects, as manpower, aside from the system itself, is needed in making this work.
Collecting, classifying, processing, and analyzing are processes involved in these
systems, which need facilitation which comes from the manpower. Using the data
obtained from these processes for further actions can produce outcomes that can be
beneficial to both the patients and health care providers.
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Purpose and Description
The system software to be developed from this idea can help health center
improve their manual transactions, keeping and updating records, retrieval process and
proper information dissemination to the community. This system can be beneficial to the
identified stakeholders through the following:
1. Health center officials
Efficiently collecting and recording necessary information from the
community and DOH;

Faster transactions in programs and services;
Systematic information dissemination to the community
2. The Community
Faster transactions in programs and services; and

Immediate notifications about health advisories
3. The Department of Health Office
Reliable and up-to-date records from all other health units
The system has the following features:
1. Posting of schedule of check-ups and follow-up check ups

2. Patient health records
3. Supplies inventory
4. List of assigned doctors and health workers
5. SMS alerts to report injuries and checkup reminder
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Objectives of the Study
General Objective
To be able to develop a system IT Infrastructure for Health Center
INFORMATION SYSTEM (ITIHCIS) which generally aims to provide a more
efficient and systematic way of handling health care process and related information.
Specific Objectives
Specifically, this project aims the following:
1. To design a local IT infrastructure of Health Care Information System.

2. To design a system that will transmit records to the municipality and DOH such
as:
a. FHSIS (M1) Field Health Services Information System that includes: Maternal
care, Family planning method, Child care, diseases like malaria, tuberculosis,
schistosomiasis, filariasis, leprosy and STI surveillance.

b. FHSIS (M2) which is morbidity diseases report.
c. Animal bites record
d. Dental records
e. Drug test results
f. Inventory of medicines
3. To develop a resident health system that will allow viewing of the following:
a. Resident checkup schedule
b. Resident health status
4. To design a system that will allow sending of alert messages or notification
through SMS for both the residents and health worker or secretary.
5. To design a system reports that will provide the following reports:
a. Field Health Services Information System (FHSIS M1 Brgy)
b. Field Health Services Information System (FHSIS M2 Brgy)
c. Supplies of medicine and vaccines.
d. Dental Services
e. Vaccines and Immunization
f. Animal bites / Anti-rabies
g. TB Consultation and Treatment
h. Laboratory Test Records
i. Sanitary Permit
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Significance of the Study
The researcher intended to enhance and upgrade the process in Tanauan City
Health Office by developing an information system to be used by health workers and
staff in order to minimize if not totally eliminate redundancy of work.
In addition to that, that the constituents of Tanauan City will benefit from the
health services program of government.
Moreover, this study addressed also some issues in terms of creating timely and
accurate reports useful to the officials. With the inventory system of supplies there will be
a better and efficient monitoring.
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Scope and Delimitations
The system can be accessed through web using any types of computers, tablets
and android phones provided it is connected to the internet. The system can be accessed
24/7 by 18 users such as the following: System Administrator of the Health Center who
has full access of the records and transactions, three (3) health workers to receive the
patient to record and/or update patient personal information. One (1) medical technologist
will assists the patient endorsed by the health worker for laboratory examination or drug
test request. One (1) pharmacist is assigned for releasing of prescribed medicines and
other supplies. Four (4) secretaries of four (4) physicians, handle the patient/s endorsed
by the health worker/s. The pediatrician is assigned to handle immunization and check-up
for children. The ob-gyne is in-charge of handling maternal patients. While another
practitioner is in-charge of the animal bite cases. One practitioner for general checkup of
patient requesting for health certificate. Another user of the system is the dentist, who is
in charge of administering free dental services like tooth extraction, etc, updating of
patients dental information is also part of the dentists role. While denstists secretary is
in-charge of collecting patients dental history. Another user is the health officer, who is
in-charged of issuing health certificate to business establishments required of getting a
health certificate in order for them to operate. Another user is the City Administrator for
the approval of free use of vehicle or ambulance, with whom the patient can avail thru
reservation and with physicians endorsement or recommendation to seek for medical
opinion or assistance in some hospitals. While patients can view announcements,
different health programs and other information thru the website. SMS reminders and
notification for both the patients and health workers or secretary is also available. The
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system is specifically designed for the health center and community of Tanauan City,
Batangas. The said study will instigate and be completed within the span of 6 months to 1
year.
This study will be using Software Development Life Cycle.
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Chapter II
DESIGN CONCEPT
Related Studies and Literature
An article entitled A Sustainable And Affordable Support System For Rural
Healthcare Delivery by Barjis, et. Al (2013) mentioned that healthcare access and
delivery are often poor, and can potentially benefit from innovative service models and
supporting technologies. The myriad of challenges required innovative solutions that are
affordable, robust and sustainable over time. The author come up with the discussion of a
healthcare delivery model (home-based healthcare) in displaced rural areas of South
Africa, and then proposed a patient monitoring system for supporting the model using
Unstructured Supplementary Service Data (USSD) technology. The proposed system is
decision support driven in that it supports medical staff (nurses, doctors) to decide on the
course of intervention or further treatment based on the vital signs of the patients that are
tele-monitored on a regular basis. This patient monitoring system facilitates patient
information flow from home-based care workers to a local clinic or hospital, where the
information is presented on a desktop computer used by clinic nurses and doctors for
monitoring the patients' health and ultimately speeding up decision making. The system
is tested through a prototype, which is applied in practice and generates data for
evaluation. Unlike the cited system the IT Infrastructure of Health Center Information
System of Tanauan City cannot be considered as a decision support system since it will
only monitor the out-patient through SMS technology. With this technology the patient
will be reminded of his/her scheduled check-up based on the previous consultation with
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his/her doctor. In addition, the patient can immediately inform the City Health Officers
through sending a message in case of emergency.
Tuy Municipal Health Center Information System, a thesis by Lorissa Joana E.
Buenas and Jenny Rose V. Caringalis (2014), Tuy, Batangas, cited that it is a data
processing system that helped the establishment in automating its information and
transaction and created a useful and effective system that ensure the convenience of the
establishment. It is an automated information system for Tuy Municipal Health Center
that will help the institution on automating their day to day transactions. The system will
help the medical practitioners to fasten their recording of patients data to save time and
effort. Since automation and use of technology now has a major impact, the researchers
had chosen this institution for them to adapt the new technology for better and faster
working. This study used the SDLC Waterfall Model where the gathered data undergone
to different phases and obtained the needed results. The information system improved the
reliability and security of some confidential information of patients. It has great
advantage because the medical practitioners can easily obtain the information anywhere
through the use of tablet or mobile phone which is networked to the host or server. The
staff can easily identify the patients information from a card with an ID number written
on it. The respondents have rated the system through the use of questionnaires and from
that the researchers confirmed that it is highly acceptable for them.
Improving Use and Management of Information in Health Districts. A study of
health Faraja Mukama (2003) focused on the various information flows originating at the
local health facility, how the data are collected and stored, use or/and non-use of data,
sharing or communication of important information between primary health care and
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hospital levels, data flows from the health facilities to the districts to the region or
province and to the national level. The research shows that the system of data collection
and vertical data flow is rather complex; a number of data collection tools are in use:
patient cards, registers, tally sheets and forms. The data collection tools and flows of
information reflect the needs of the various health programmes: Community Health,
Maternal and Child Health (e.g. family planning, antenatal care, and deliveries),
communicable diseases, Tuberculosis and Drug programmes.
Thomai Vasiliki Kostopoulou (2013) suggests that systems should utilize various
sources of information and manage information obtained by principal components such
as people, hardware, software and procedures. The performance of systems affects the
efficiency, reliability and flexibility of your organization or business. The Information
System (I.S.) is finding ever increasing applications in health care. One of these is the
Electronic Health Record (E.H.R.) which extends the traditional medical records in
features and functionality. This thesis deals with this area and in particular with the study,
ddesigning and iimplementing of an Electronic Health Record (E.H.R.). It also includes
patients information In accordance with the traffic and the episodes created during these.
It also includes all patient demographics and medical information in concern according to
personal history. In the end, provides medical staff the possibility of obtaining
information of a statistical nature. Based on the above, the application developed is user
friendly and meets all the requirements usability and security of personal data. The
importance of the application is that the data are stored securely in a database and are
always available to the physician. Also strong emphasis was given on creating an
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intuitive management environment which the user can handle without requiring any
special computer knowledge.
From the thesis entitled Integration of Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) Devices
into the Military Healthcare Clinic Environment By Joseph KeltnerEt. Al (2001), the
early 1990's saw a new generation of hand-held computers. These hand-held weighed a
pound or less, were half the cost of desktop PCs, possessed the memory necessary to
store adequate amounts of medical reference and patient specific data, and did not require
the long boot up period of desktop PCs. The authors of this study found the majority of
family practice physicians embraced this technology virtually from its inception. It may
be the breadth of diagnoses encountered, rural practice locations, and/or greater
involvement in administrative and financial tasks that made these early PDAs an
invaluable tool to them. One such device, the Apple Newton Message Pad 120 released in
1995 contained a 20 mHz processor, large screen with a resolution of 320 x 240 pixels,
built in speaker, 20 - 50 hour battery life, optional fax/ modem, handwriting recognition,
infra-red capability, weighed 1 pound, and measured 8 x 4 x 1.2 inches. However, it was
not without limitations. Its handwriting recognition software was inconsistent and
required a lengthy period to adapt to the users handwriting. It has no illumination (screen
not backlit) making it difficult to view text in poorly lit areas and its 2 MB memory
precluded the loading of multiple large applications. Another much smaller device, the
Franklin Digital Book System contained a 16 mHz processor, a screen with a resolution
of 160 x 40 pixels, 200 hour battery life, a key board, weighed 4 ounces, and measured 5
x 3.5 x 0.5 inches. With no operating system, it was primarily a reference tool capable of
holding two 20 MB digital books. (Ebell, 1995) With the next generation of PDAs and
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medical applications available in the market place, the PDA has evolved into a decision
support tool that is saving lives. (Ram, 1994) Physicians in the private sector are using
PDAs for practice management, patient tracking, dosage and pregnancy calculations,
treatment protocols, pharmaceutical data and prescription ordering, patient education,
coding, documenting patient encounters, and stress relief (playing games).
From the Project Mobile Health Information System by John M. Lloyd
Foundation, Henry E. Niles foundation and Qualcomm, Inc. (2010). The AED-
SATELLIFE Center for Health Information and Technology is a recognized leader in
developing and deploying information and communication technologies to support
development within the health sector. It has developed several mobile computing systems
for data collection and transmission and has managed projects involving the use of ICT
for health that support routine health facility reporting and continuing provider education.
AED-SATELLIFE has supported projects using mobile technology in 30 countries. AED-
SATELLIFE created the Uganda Health Information Network (UHIN) project that
reaches over 600 health workers in 174 health centers serving over 1 million people. A
two-way communication system for the delivery of continuing provider development and
the collection and transmission of public health data (HMIS and disease surveillance),
UHIN has built technical capacity among Ministry of Health personnel to operate and
maintain the network in the five rural districts. Using their mobile devices, a wireless
access point, and the wireless telecommunications network, nurses, physicians and other
health personnel access regular broadcasts of relevant health information on diseases and
conditions commonly seen in rural hospital and health centers. The mobile devices also
contain a static library of treatment guidelines published by the Ugandan Ministry of
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Health, a medical calculator, a medical dictionary, and other reference texts. UHIN also
includes a component for routine data collection using the PDAs and electronic versions
of forms developed by the Ministry of Health. Launched in 2003, the UHIN project
remains active and the Ministry of Health of Uganda is keen to expand the technology
nationwide.
A Health Information System (HIS) is a functional entity within the framework of
a comprehensive health system to improve the health of individuals and the population.
As such, it is a management information system. Although many definitions of a
management information system have been proposed, I propose the one given by
Hurtubise (1984): a system that provides specific information support to the decision
making process at each level of an organization (Hurtubise 1984 cited Lippeveld 2001,
page 15). The HIS structure should allow generation of necessary information for use in
decision-making at each level of the health system with a given amount of resources. This
involves the processes for collecting, processing and disseminating information in a
health system (Shrestha and Bodart 2000).
Over the years, various innovations have been introduced into healthcare
organizations in order to incorporated better use of technology, to aid decision making
and to facilitate the search for medical solutions. This allows integration between experts
in the medical field either throughout the organization of globally
(Faddala&Wickramasinghe 2004). Innovations such as Electronic Health Record (HER),
Hospital Information System and telemedicine will generally bring about the usage of
information systems as means to provide better health services for the community and
overcome challenges that gave been perceived as cumbersome for people seeking
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medical treatment (Jha et al. 2008). The main aim is to eliminate manual processes that
are now seen as major hindrance to increasing organizational performance in terms of
providing fast and efficient health services. The assimilation and use of information
systems and information technology (IS/IT) has an important role in enhancing firm
performance (Devaraj&Kohli 2003).
Melinda Beeuwkes Buntin, Matthew F. Burke, Michael C. Hoaglin and David
Blumenthal (2016) found that the benefits of the technology are beginning to emerge in
smaller practices and organizations, as well as in large organizations that were early
adopters. However, dissatisfaction with electronic health records among some providers
remains a problem and a barrier to achieving the potential of health information
technology. These realities highlight the need for studies that document the challenging
aspects of implementing health information technology more specifically and how these
challenges might be addressed. Health information technology (IT) has the potential to
improve the health of individuals and the performance of providers, yielding improved
quality, cost savings, and greater engagement by patients in their own health care. Despite
evidence of these benefits physicians and hospitals use of health IT and electronic health
records is still low.
From the project of John M. Lloyd Foundation, Henry E. Niles foundation and
Qualcomm, Inc. (2010). The goal of the Mobile Health Information System (MHIS)
project was to improve patient care by providing nurses at three urban hospitals in Port
Elizabeth, South Africa with clinical information at the point of care. Fifty nurses at three
hospitals of the Port Elizabeth Hospital Complex were trained to access treatment
guidelines, essential drug information, protocols, a medical calculator, and other
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actionable evidence-based content employing an electronic system using a combination
of mobile computing devices and the existing wireless telecommunications network.
Nurses were introduced to the productivity applications and communication
functionalities of the smart phone, and learned to use SMS (short messaging system),
email, and the Internet to search for information and engage in dialogue with colleagues
around the world. From January 2009 to February 2010, the nurses integrated the use of
the smart phone into their daily activities and consulted the information resources on the
device on a regular basis to improve clinical nursing practice through enhanced
management and care of patients, provision to patients of accurate information on
illnesses, expansion of personal knowledge, and professional development.
A recent study, Azelmat et al. (2001) shows that, Creating an information culture
is a long-term behavioral intervention (Azelmat et al. 2001, page 43). From the very
beginning, the major objective of the health information system in Morroco was to
improve the use of Maternal and Child Health/Family Planning (MCH/FP) data generated
by the system for decision-making at all the levels. For five years, several activities were
undertaken to convince the managers of programmes and peripheral health services, and,
through them, the service providers, that information can lead to action. To achieve this,
training was designed in the form of exercises in MCH/FP data analysis that would help
participants identify problems and propose solutions. Although health information system
restructuring did transform the system into a more relevant, reliable, and rapid
information production tool, it did not lead automatically to better use of the information.
Another article entitled A Smart Healthcare Systems Framework by demirkan,
Haluk , 2013 mentioned that a cost-effective and sustainable healthcare information
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system relies on the ability to collect, process, and transform healthcare data into
information, knowledge, and action. The article proposed a systematic framework for
conceptualizing data-driven and mobile- and cloud-enabled smart healthcare systems.
With adoption of smart healthcare systems, healthcare organizations can provide cost-
effective quality healthcare services with less IT set-up costs and reduced risk. Compared
to the IT Infrastructure of Health Center Information System of Tanauan City both system
applied a cloud-enabled technology to provide cost efficiency, unlimited storage, backup
and recovery, and easy access of information.
The article entitled Paperless Healthcare: Progress And Challenges of An IT-
Enabled Healthcare System by Milstein, et. al (2010) mentioned that the elevated use of
information technology (IT) in healthcare settings-primarily via utilization of electronic
health records (EHRs), which allow information to be readily communicated and shared
among healthcare providers-has been advocated as a means of improving quality of care
and helping to control healthcare costs over the long term. This statement of the author is
of same phenomena of that of the developers. Believing that IT in healthcare will provide
a means of improvement in providing a quality service to its patients.
Conceptual Framework
All projects must follow rational method in its development. Conceptual
framework contains input, process and output. Figure 1 illustrates the conceptual
framework of the study. The conceptual model of the system is composed of three blocks,
namely the input, process and the output.
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The inputs for the users to start the system are the knowledge requirements which
includes the following: patient data sheet, services offered, treatment, medical records,
medicine and vaccination and immunization. While the software requirements to be used
are: XAMPP, which is a cross platform of the following components:1. Apache is the
purely web server application which process and deliver the web contents from website
to computer or server. 2. MySQL Database: for data store and manipulation.3. PHP:
server-side and scripting high level language. 4. web Browsers for retrieving, presenting,
and traversing information resources on the World Wide Web and lastly for the hardware
requirements the following recommended: Desktop computer/Laptop (at least dual
core/Core 2 with a minimum of 2GB memory), Tablet or Mobile Phone (6 or above),
Internet Connection and printer.
Knowledge Requirements
1. Patient Data Sheet
2. Services offered Prototype Model
3. Treatment
The
4.Figure 1. Conceptual
Medical records Framework
1. Requirements IT Infrastracture for
5. Medicine gathering Health NFORMATION
6. Vaccination and 2. Quick Design SYSTEM
Immunization 3. Building prototype
Software Requirements 4. Customer Evaluation (ITIHCIS)
Xampp (Apache, MySql 5. Refining Prototype
and PHP) 6. Engineer Product
Web browsers
SMS API (Telerivet and
Textra SMS)
Hardware Requirements
1. Desktop
computer/Laptop
(at least dual core/Quad
Core with a minimum of process block contains the SDLC
2GB memory) Feedback
2. Tablet or Mobile Phone
Model with the following phases:
(6 or above)
3. Internet Connection
4. Printer Planning starts with identifying whom to talk with in
connection with the processes of the city health, where to

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get the data and what type or kind of data to collect. The proponent planned for an
interview with one of the administrators of the city health office, and from the
administrator, list of some health staffs and personnel were mentioned for another
interview and document review. In the second phase, which is the defining, the
proponents next step is to clearly define and document the product requirements and get
them approved from the customer. Identifying all the product requirements to be used like
the software and hardware technology is defined during the project life cycle. On the
third phase, which is the design, the researcher started working with the design on how
the system will be developed. The design approach clearly defines all the architectural
modules of the product along with its communication and data flow representation with
the external and third party modules (if any). The internal design of all the modules of the
architecture should be clearly defined.
While in the building phase the actual development starts and the product is built,
in the input block the hardware and software to be used were listed. In the testing stage,
products will be tested if there are defects. Once it is tracked it will be fixed and retested
until it reaches the quality standards being set.
In the last phase, which is the deployment, the system will thoroughly followed
by a routine maintenance on regular basis for preventing large-scale failures and
minimizing downtime.
Lastly is the output, the output block which comprises of IT Infrastructure for
Health Center Information System that will provide a great help to the people of Tanauan
City in terms of health services.
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Definition of Terms
Admin/Administrator. First user is assigned the user role of administrator. They can
perform all actions on a website and have full capabilities.
Ambulance Services. A services provided by a licensed ambulance provider in the
ground or air transportation of a sick or injured person in a specially designed and
equipped vehicle which includes a trained ambulance attendant who is licensed or
certified as required by state law
Anti-Rabies Vaccination. A service given to people at increased risk of rabies to protect
them if they are exposed.
CBC with Platelet. It is a lab test that provides information about these circulating cells.
A panel of tests often performed as part of a general health examination.
Dental Services. A public service for free dental checkup.
Drug Test. is a technical analysis of a biological specimen, for example urine, hair,
blood, breath, sweat, or oral fluid/salivato determine the presence or absence of
specified parent drugs or their metabolites.
Environmental Sanitation Services. It is a health service through prevention of human
contact with the hazards of wastes as well as the treatment and proper disposal of sewage
or wastewater.
FBS. The fasting blood sugar (FBS) test is used to measure the amount of sugar, called
glucose, in a sample of your blood after fasting.
Fecalysis. It is a series of tests done on a stool (feces) sample to help diagnose certain
conditions affecting the digestive tract.
Free Drugs and Medicines. A public service of giving free medicines.
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Free Immunization for Children. A public service of giving free vaccination to
children.
Free TB Consultation and Treatment. A public service consultation for the entire six-
month treatment which includes diagnostic work-up, consultation services.
Health Certificate (Food Handler). It is a certificate issued to food handlers recognized
by the Conference for Food Protection or an equivalent nationally recognized
certification program as determined by the department.
Health Certificate (Non Food Handler). It is a certificate issued to non food handlers.
Health Services. A public service providing medical care.
Hepa B Screening. A positive test indicates that the virus is multiplying in a person's
body and that person is highly contagious and is often used to monitor the effectiveness
of antiviral therapy in people with chronic HBV infections.
Laboratory Services. A medical laboratory or clinical laboratory is a where tests are
usually done on clinical specimens in order to obtain information about the health of a
patient as pertaining to the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease.
Lipid Profile. It is also called lipid panel is a panel of blood tests that serves as an initial
broad medical screening tool for abnormalities in lipids, such as cholesterol and
triglycerides.
Login. Is the process by which an individual gains access to a computer system by
identifying and authenticating themselves.
Module. It is any of a number of distinct but interrelated units from which a program
may be built up or into which a complex activity may be analyzed.
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Out-Patient Consultation. It is a patient whose treatment does not require an overnight
stay in a hospital or clinic.
Patient. A person receiving or registered to receive medical treatment.
Pre-natal check-up. It is providing or receiving prenatal medical care.
Resident. It is a person who resides in a place.
Sanitary Permit. It is the official document issued by the Department of Public Health
and Social Services that authorizes a health-regulated establishment to operate, after it
has been determined to have met the minimum requirements for the sanitary operation of
its type of business.
Transfer Permit. A document that has permission from the authorized person to transfer
something.
Urinalysis. It is the analysis of urine by physical, chemical, and microscopical means to
test for the presence of disease, drugs, etc.
VDRL. A blood test for syphilis (VDRL stands for Venereal Disease Research
Laboratory) that detects an antibody that is present in the bloodstream when a patient has
syphilis.
Chapter III
OPERATIONAL FRAMEWORK
Methods of the Study
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The proponent will use developmental research method since the study focuses on
designing, developing and evaluating instructional programs, processes and products.
The researcher is considering the use of software development life cycle model.
Software development life cycle (SDLC) is a structure defining tasks completed at each
step in the software development process.
Figure 2 illustrates the steps carried out in the SDLC model. These steps are listed
below.
Figure 2. System Development Life Cycle
In the planning stage, the researcher initially gathered data from an interview Ms.
Tina Roxas, as one of the Administrators of Tanauan City Health Office, other
stakeholders and users were interviewed also to determine the requirements such as: Who
will be the users of the system? How will they use the system? What are the data to be
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used as an input into the system? What will be the output by the system? These are
general queries that will be addressed during a requirements gathering phase.
In the second stage, the researcher started to define the requirements. Basically
the software and hardware technology to be used were identified. In this stage, the
researcher is already decided to develop the system using the open source technology. In
table 1 and table 2, are hardware and software specifications of the project.
Table 1. Hardware Specifications
Hardware Specifications
Item Name Description
Mobile device 5.5 And above android phone or
7 And above tablet
Desktop computers/ Laptop At least i5 processor
Memory 4GB
Printer HP Laser
Keyboard USB, optical mouse
Mouse USB, optical
Monitor LED, at least 17
Internet Connection Cabled or WiFi / 10 mbps
Table 2. Software Specifications
Software Specifications
Item Name Description
Operating System Windows (XP, 7 or 8)
Report Generator PDF
Browser Chrome/Mozilla/IE
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SMS API Telerivet and Textra SMS
In the third stage, when requirements are already known, design for the system is
created. In this stage, the system architecture is presented. It is not a detailed design and
includes only the important aspects of the system, which gives an idea of the system to
the user. A design will help in developing the system faster and better. Database designing
will also be done in this stage.
In the fourth stage, the proponent will start the development of the system. For the
coding paradigm, the proponent will use structured programming.
In the fifth stage, testing will be done in different manners. The proponent will
conduct unit testing, integration testing and system testing and acceptance testing. The
purpose of unit testing is to validate that each unit of the software performs as designed.
When performing the unit test, the White Box testing method is used. In this case, each
module will be tested individually.
Next testing procedure is the integration testing where individual units or module
are combined and tested as a group. For this activity, modules health services and report
will be tested as a group.
Third testing procedure is the system testing where a complete and integrated
software is tested. The proponent will let all types of users to log on the system
simultaneously, each of them will access the module and observed it if will run correctly
and efficiently.
Once the system is tested appropriately, the researcher will prepare for the
acceptance testing. This will be done in the city health office in order for the actual user
to understand the system.

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Along with acceptance test, the end-users will have to answer the user acceptance
survey. This will be used as basis whether or not the system will accepted or not.
For the deployment of the system, the researcher will be using a parallel approach
that will lasts for 1 to 3 months. On maintaining the system, there will be periodic
maintenance to be conducted in order to make sure the efficiency of the system while it is
being used by a lot of users. Creating and updating of backups for database is also a part
of the maintenance.
25
Design of the Study
Figure 3. IT Infrastructure of Health Center Information System
The figure above shows the different components of the healthcare information
system. There will be users like the Health Workers, who submits reports based on the
activities or program held in the community like dental services or immunization
schedule, prenatal/maternal checkup. While the doctors and dentists will be involved in
26
the system by providing treatment. They will also receive reports like the Monthly
Dental Services Report, Immunization and Prenatal/Maternal Reports.
Other personnel that are involved are the health workers and staffs that attends to
the people in terms of giving other health services like the issuance of sanitary permit,
issuance of health certificates, laboratory test , anti-rabies vaccination , free medicine and
sometimes times providing orientation program like Dengue awareness, Anti-Smoking,
etc. Part of the system also is to keep patient record and make it available anytime.
Through the system also the residents or patients can send SMS in case of
emergency. While the system can receive notifications, the system also provides alerts
and notifications to the concerned residents in terms of checkup schedule, dental services
and immunization and vaccination schedule and others like schedule of seminars for
pregnant women or dengue campaign, etc.
While for the maintenance and security, there will be an administrator of the
system. Management and control of the whole system will be their responsibility and
accountability.
The said system will also be made available not only with the use of desktop or
laptop but mobile phones and tablets as well for better accessibility.
27
System Architecture
User
Server Side
Admin Module Manage Services
User Management Access Right
Create announcement or advisory
SMS Module
Create message Send SMS Receive SMS
Maternal & Services TB Medication

Vehicle
Child Care Dental Immunization Animal Bites Request
Services Services
Issuance of Request for Health Laboratory & Free Drugs and Medicine
Database
Sanitary Permit Drug test
Certificate
Inventory of Supplies
Add New Supplies Monitor Supplies
Request Supplies Receive Supplies
Immunization Report Dental Services Report Lab Results Inventory Report
TB Medication Report Health Certificate

Animal Bites Report Sanitary Permit
Reports
Figure 4. System Architecture

This figure shows the features and functions of the system. There will be several
users who will be involve in the system like the admin, health workers, nurse, laboratory
personnel, physician, dentist and other health staff. These users will be given an access
28
based on the roles and access right set for each user. In the diagram also, are the main
modules composed of Admin, Patient, Services, Inventory and Reports module. For the
Admin module, this consists of 5 sub modules namely: User Management, Access Right,
Manage Services, and Create Backup.
While for the Patient Module, it consists of sub modules Add patient data and
Update patient info. For the services, the following are the sub modules: Maternal &
Child care, Dental Services, Immunization, Free Medicine & Drugs, Animal Bites, TB
Medication, Issuance of Sanitary Permit, Request for Health Certificates, Request for
Vehicle Use and Laboratory and Drug Test.
The system will also monitor supplies like medicines and vitamins, where the
following are the modules: Add new supplies, request supplies, receive supplies and
update supplies.
Lastly, in the report module the following are the reports that will be generated
namely: Immunization Report, Health Certificate, Sanitary Permit, Dental Services,
Maternal & Child care Report, Laboratory Result, Animal Bites, TB Medication and
Inventory Report.
All the information that was collected will be stored in a database using MySql as
well as its backup.
29
Database Schema
This figure shows the database design of the system. The database name is
dbhealth and is consists of 17 tables.
Figure 5. Database Schema
30
Context Flow Diagram
Laboratory Results/ Findings/ Prescription/ Physician

Request for Ambulance
Patient Findings and
Prescription
Patient data/Lab Requests 0
IT Infrastracture Lab. Personnel

Laboratory Results
of
Pharmacist Release medicine Figure 6. Context Flow Approved Use of
Health Center
Diagram Ambulance/Health City Health
Information System Certificates/Sanitary Admin
Receive Permit
prescription
This Issued Health figure
Dental ServicesDental Report
Certificate/Sanitary Permit
shows the system
Request for Health
Dentist Certificates/Sanitary Permit Immunization Schedule for
boundary of the Pregnant Women and Children
Applicant
system as well as the external entities
BHW/Staff
interacting with the system and the data which flows into and out of the
system. This diagram shows the different services offered by the City Health Office.
31
The following are the modules that will comprise of the healthcare information
system.
1. Health Services Module: this module will be used by the health staff or
personnel in providing services to the residents/patients. Some of the health
services offered by the city health office are the prenatal checkup,
immunization and check-up for children, TB Treatment, Anti-rabies
Vaccination, Health certificates issuance, sanitary permit, laboratory tests
(with charge) like fecalysis, urinalysis, cbc and platelet count, and drug
testing.
2. Free Medicine Module: this module will cover the inventory of medicine,
vaccines and vitamins, and the like.
3. Free use of Ambulance Module: this contains the inventory and schedule of
use of ambulance.
4. Report Module: this module will provide periodic reports. Medicine,
immunization, dental services, patient with TB, drug tests results and the like
will be part of this module. M1 and M2 reports intended for Department of
Health (DOH) are sent directly to them.
5. Administrator Module: this module will in-charge of the entirety of the
system, the maintenance and user account management and control of
different modules.
32
Health Worker Module
Get/Update patient personal

information
Patient
Identify patient case for

endorsement to the health
service needed
Health worker
Send SMS reminder
Manage Reports
Send M1 & M2 to DOH
Figure 7. Health Services Prenatal Sub Module
Print Health Certificate
Figure 7 Prenatal Sub Module
Figure 7. Health Worker Module

Figure 7 shows the health worker module and included submodules. Initially, the
health worker will ask the patient about his/her personal information. In case the patient
is a child, then the parent or guardian will be the one to provide the data of the child.
Lastly, the health worker should identify the patient case to avail the health service
needed.
33
Secretary- Pediatrician Module
Get/Update patients medical

history
Patient
Get/Update patients vaccination
information
Send SMS reminder
Log patient complains and vital Secretary

signs
Figure 8. Secretary Pediatrician Module

Figure 8 shows the list of submodules included in the Pediatricians secretary
module. Once a patient is endorsed to the secretary, the secretary is in-charge of logging
all complains and vital signs of the patient. At the same time, as secretary, sending of
reminders pertaining to vaccination schedule and/or follow up check-up is also part of the
said module.
34
Secretary- Animal Bites Module

history
Patient
View patients vaccination schedule
Send SMS reminder
Log animal profile, patient Secretary

details of bite and vital signs
Figure 9. Secretary Animal Bites Module

Figure 9 shows the list of submodules included in the Animal Bites secretary
the animal profile, details of bites and vital signs of the patient. At the same time, as
secretary, sending of reminders pertaining to vaccination schedule and/or follow up
check-up is also part of the said module.
35
Secretary- Ob-Gyne Module

history
Patient
Get/Update patients vaccination
information
Send SMS reminder
Log patient complains and/or Secretary

vital signs
Figure 10. Secretary Ob-Gyne Module

Figure 10 shows the list of submodules included in the Ob-Gynes secretary
all complains and/or vital signs of the patient. At the same time, as secretary, sending of
reminders pertaining to vaccination schedule and/or follow up check-up is also part of the
said module.
36
Secretary- Physician Module

history
Patient
Submit laboratory exam result
Receive Laboratory exam result
Send SMS reminder
Secretary
Log patient complains and vital

signs
Figure 11. Secretary Physician Module

Figure 11 shows the list of submodules included in the Physicians secretary
all complains and vital signs of the patient. In this module, a patient need to submit the
laboratory test result for issuance of health certificate. In case of TB patient, the
laboratory test result will be the basis of medication to be given to patient. At the same
time, as secretary, sending of reminders pertaining to follow up check-up is also part of
the said module.
Secretary-Dentist Module
37
Get/Update patients dental
history
Patient
Request for dental service

available
Send SMS reminder
Secretary
Log patient complains and vital
signs
Figure 12. Secretary Dentist Module

Figure 12 shows the list of submodules included in the Dentists secretary
all complains and vital signs of the patient. In this module, a patient will request for the
dental service available. As a secretary, sending of reminders pertaining to follow-up
schedule and/or dental check-up is also part of the said module.
38
Pediatrician Module
Read/Assess patients
complains and vital signs
Patient
Present diagnosis and findings
Prescribe medicine
Conduct follow-up checkup
Pediatrician
Administer vaccination or
immunization
Figure 13. Pediatrician Module

Figure 13 shows the list of submodules included in the Pediatrician module. The
Pediatrician will assess or read the patients record and from there the necessary action
will be performed, either the patient will be given a vaccine or the patient will be checked
up.
39
Ob-Gyne Module
Patient
Prescribe medicine
Ob-Gyne
Administer vaccination or
immunization
Figure 14. Ob-Gyne Module

Figure 14 shows the list of submodules included in the Ob-Gyne module. Once a
patient is endorsed to the Ob-Gyne, the patient data will be available for analysis. In this
module, the Ob-Gyne will administer vaccination, or conduct the necessary check-up.
Prescription of vitamins and other supplement needed by a patient.
40
Animal Bites Module
complains and vital signs as
well animals profile
Patient
Prescribe medicine

Animal Bite
Specialist
Administer vaccination
Figure 15. Animal Bites Module

Figure 15 shows the list of submodules included in the Animal Bites module.
Once a patient is endorsed to the Specialist, the patient data will be check as well as the
animal profile. In this module, the Specialist will administer vaccination, or conduct the
necessary check-up.
41
Dentist
Patient
Conduct dental service
Prescribe medicine

Dentist
Figure 16. Dentist Module

Figure 16 shows the list of submodules included in the Dentist module. Once a
patient is endorsed to the Dentist, the patient data will be verified to be able to provide
the necessary dental service.
42
Health Services- Free Use of Ambulance Sub Module
leModuleModuleModuleModule
Search patient record
Check vehicle, driver and date

availability
City Admin Compute consumption based on the

distance of the destination
Driver
Signed acknowledgement
receipt/certificate of appearance
Patient
Confirmed Vehicle Reservation
Figure 17. Request for Ambulance Sub Module
Figure 17 shows the different modules in the request for free use of ambulance.
Once there is a request for free use ambulance, the City Health Office with the help of the
doctor will provide the findings and recommendation for the patient. The trip ticket will
be requested and approved by the admin. In this module, the patient or relative of the
patient will confirm the schedule of reservation with n 24 hours. In case, the patient did
make any confirmation, within the period the said reservation will be cancelled.
Administrator Sub Module
43
Manage User Account
Admin
Create Backup
Audit Trail
Content management
Figure 18. Administrator Sub Module
Figure 18 shows the different types of control done in the admin module. The
admin will have the authority to manage the users account, conducting audit trail and
content management.
44
Health Services- Sanitary Permit Sub Module
Input Business permit no.
Validate record
Resident/Busi
ness Owner Health Officer
Input water Test no.
Present OR
Release Sanitary Permit
Figure 19. Sanitary Permit Sub Module

Figure 19 shows how a resident/business owner will apply for a sanitary permit.
After submitting the requirements the Health Officer will conduct an inspection as part of
requirements validation. After the permit was approved, the resident will present the OR
as a proof of payment. Once the OR is presented the sanitary permit will be released.
45
Health Services- Free Medicine Sub Module
Present Resident ID
Out-Patient/ Doctor
Resident Prepare Presciption Order
Release Medicine
Pharmacy
Monitor medicine status
Print inventory report of medicine
Figure 20. Free Medicine Sub Module
Figure 20 shows how a patient can avail of the free medicine. Based on the
requirements that the patient will provide like voters ID, or any government ID.
Prescription of medicine is being prepared by the Doctor. Pharmacist will issue the
medicine prescribed by the doctor. Monitoring of medicines status is easy. Inventory
report on medicine can be done weekly, monthly or yearly.
46
HealthServices-
Health Services-Laboratory
LaboratoryTest
TestSub Module
Request Lab Test
.
Out-Patient/ Present OR
Residents
Search/Update Patient Info

Med Tech.
Health
Worker Perform Requested Lab Test
Print Lab Test Result/ Summary

Report
Figure 21. Laboratory Test Sub Module
Figure 21 shows the procedure in securing a laboratory test. Along with the
requested laboratory test is the official receipt as a proof of payment and for the test to be
performed. After conducting the test, the result will be provided to the patient.
47
Testing and Operating Procedures
In this phase the researcher presented the testing plan and the operating procedure
of each module.
There are four main stages of testing that needs to be completed before a program
can be cleared for use: unit testing, integration testing, system testing, and acceptance
testing. Regression Testing is not a separate level of testing; it is just a type of testing that
can be performed during any of the four main software testing stages.
Unit Testing
During this first round of testing, the program was submitted to assessments that
focus on specific units or components of the software to determine whether each one is
fully functional. The main aim of this endeavor is to determine whether the application
functions as designed. In this phase, a unit can refer to a function, individual program or
even a procedure, and a White-box Testing method is usually used to get the job done.
One of the biggest benefits of this testing phase is that it can be run every time a piece of
code is changed, allowing issues to be resolved as quickly as possible. Its quite common
for software developers to perform unit tests before delivering software to testers for
formal testing.
Integration Testing
Integration testing allows individuals the opportunity to combine all of the units
within a program and test them as a group. This testing level is designed to find interface
defects between the modules/functions. This is particularly beneficial because it
determines how efficiently the units are running together. Keep in mind that no matter
48
how efficiently each unit is running, if they arent properly integrated, it will affect the
functionality of the software program. In order to run these types of tests, individuals can
make use of various testing methods, but the specific method that will be used to get the
job done will depend greatly on the way in which the units are defined.
System Testing
System testing is the first level in which the complete application is tested as a
whole. The goal at this level is to evaluate whether the system has complied with all of
the outlined requirements and to see that it meets Quality Standards. System testing is
undertaken by independent testers who havent played a role in developing the program.
This testing is performed in an environment that closely mirrors production. System
Testing is very important because it verifies that the application meets the technical,
functional, and business requirements that were set by the customer.
Acceptance Testing
The final level, Acceptance testing (or User Acceptance Testing), is conducted
to determine whether the system is ready for release. During the Software development
life cycle, requirements changes can sometimes be misinterpreted in a fashion that does
not meet the intended needs of the users. During this final phase, the user will test the
system to find out whether the application meets their business needs. Once this process
has been completed and the software has passed, the program will then be delivered to
production.
49
Software Test Plan Flow
Figure 22. Software Test Plan
The above Figure 22 which is the Software Test Plan shows the flow of the test
plan that will determine the test policy and strategy such as test approach, test
infrastructure and test completion criteria. Under the Test specification, it indicates the
detailed summary of what scenarios will be tested, how they will be tested, how often
they will be tested, and so on and so forth. In the Test code, it is the process of
examination of code as well as execution of that code in various types. Review test is the
process where the tests that have been conducted made all the necessary procedures. And
Finally, the execution process, where it has the following major task:
1. To execute test suites and individual test cases following the test procedures.
2. To re-execute the tests that previously failed in order to confirm a fix. This is known
as confirmation testing or re-testing. 3. To log the outcome of the test execution and
50
record the identities and versions of the software under tests. The test log is used for the
audit trial.
4. To compare actual results with expected results.
5. Where there are differences between actual and expected results, it report
discrepancies as Incidents.
51
Table 3 contains the different module, its sub module as well as the corresponding
test type.
Table 3. Test Matrix

Module Sub Module Test Type
Prenatal Module Get/Update Patient info., Update Unit Testing/ Integration
prenatal vaccination, View prenatal Testing
record, print health certificate /
prenatal record, update prenatal
record
Dental Services Get/Update Patient info., update Unit Testing/ Integration
Module services rendered, update oral Testing
health condition, print monthly
dental services report.
TB Treatment Get/Update Patient info., request Unit Testing/ Integration
laboratory tests/prescription of Testing
medicine, update of drug intake,
monitor patient status, view patient
status, print patient status report
Immunization Get/Update Patient info. Update Unit Testing/ Integration
immunization info, , view patient Testing
record, Monitor immunization
status, Print immunization status
report
Free Medicine Get/Update Patient info., Update Unit Testing/ Integration
patient prescription order form, Testing
Release medicine, monitor
medicine status and update
inventory
Free Use of Get/Update Patient info., Unit Testing/ Integration
Ambulance Get/Update trip ticket, Print CHO Testing
findings and recommendation ,
print patient info., print trip ticket,
and print monthly ambulance use
report
Get/Update Patient and Animal Unit Testing/ Integration

info., provide treatment, monitor
52
Anti-Rabies patient and animal status, view Testing
Vaccination patient info. Print periodic report on
animal bites
Laboratory Test Get/Update Patient Info., Request Unit Testing/ Integration
lab test, present OR, print Testing
laboratory result and summary
report on laboratory test
Administrator Manage User Account, backup Unit Testing/ Integration
database, audit trail and content Testing
management
53
Below is the unit test plan of each module.
Table 4. Prenatal Module
Test Case #: 1
Test Priority
High
(Low/Medium/High):
Module Name: Prenatal
Test Title: Test the prenatal module
Description: Validation in the prenatal input and output data
Pre-condition: Validated inputs
Dependencies:
Status
Test Expected
Step # Test Data Actual Result (Pass/Fail Notes
Steps Result
)
Input
patient Record is
1 Lastname:Jacinta Record is created
information created
or
Upadate
Firstname: Record is
2 patient Record is found
Precilla found
information
Update Updated
Updated
3 vaccination vaccination
vaccination record
record record
View Viewable
Viewable patient
4 prenatal patient
record
record record
Print Printable
health prenatal Printable prenatal
5 certificate record & record & health
or prenatal health certificate
record certificate
Update Updated
Updated prenatal
6 prenatal prenatal
record
record record
Post-
Record is validated in the database. For new patient record will be saved.
condition
Table 4 shows the test case on Prenatal module which is the Test case No.1. It
indicates the high test priority, the test description and pre-condition and the
dependencies used. Which has the post condition of record is validates in the database.
For new patient record will be saved.
54
Table 5. Dental Services Module
Test Case #: 2
Test Priority
High
(Low/Medium/High):
Module Name: Dental Services
Test Title: Test the dental services module
Description: Validation in the dental services input and output data
Dependencies:
Expected Status
Step # Test Steps Test Data Actual Result Notes
Result (Pass/Fail)
Input patient
Lastname: Record is
1 information Record is created
Jacinta created
or
Upadate
Precilla found
information
Update Updated
Updated services
3 services services
rendered
rendered rendered
Update oral Updated oral
Updated oral
4 health health
health condition
condition condition
Print monthly Printable
dental dental Printable dental
5
services services services report
report. report
Post-
condition
Table 5 shows the test case on Dental Services module which is the Test case
No.2. It indicates the high test priority, the test description and pre-condition and the
dependencies used which has the post condition of record is validates in the database. For
new patient record will be saved.
55
Table 6. TB Treatment Module
Test Case #: 3
Test Priority
High
(Low/Medium/High):
Module Name: TB Treatment
Test Title: Test the TB Treatment module
Description: Validation in the TB Treatment input and output data
Dependencies:
Expected Status
Result (Pass/Fail)
Input
patient Lastname: Record is
1 Record is created
information Jacinta created
or
Update
Precilla found
information
Request Updated
Updated
3 laboratory laboratory
laboratory result
tests result
Prescription Issued Updated oral

of medicine medicine health condition
Updated oral
Update of Updated oral
4 health
drug intake health condition
condition
Monitor
Monitored Monitored patient
5 patient
patient status status
status
Monitored
Viewable Viewable patient
6 patient
patient status status
status
Print
Printable
patient Printable patient
7 patient status
status status report
report
report
Post-
condition
Table 6 shows the test case on TB Treatment module which is the Test case No.3.
It indicates the high test priority, the test description and pre-condition and the
56
Table 7. Immunization Module
Test Case #: 4
Test Priority
High
(Low/Medium/High):
Module Name: Immunization
Test Title: Test the immunization module
Description: Validation in the immunization input and output data
Dependencies:
Expected Status
Result (Pass/Fail)
Input patient
Lastname: Record is
1 information Record is created
Jacinta created
or
Upadate
Precilla found
information
Update Updated Updated
3 immunization immunization immunization info
info info
Monitor Monitored
Monitored
immunization immunization
immunization status
status status
View patient Viewable Viewable patient

4
info. patient info. info.
Print Printable Printable

5 immunization immunization immunization status
status report status report report
Post-
condition
Table 7 shows the test case on Immunization module which is the Test case No.4.
Table 8. Free Medicine Module
Test Case #: 5
57
Test Priority
High
(Low/Medium/High):
Module Name: Free Medicine
Test the free medicine
Test Title:
module
Description: Validation in the free medicine input and output data
Dependencies:
Expected Status
Result (Pass/Fail)
Input
1 Record is created
or
Upadate
Precilla found
information
Update Updated
patient patient Updated patient
3
prescription prescription prescription order
order order
Release Released
Released medicine
medicine medicine
Monitor Viewable
Viewable medicine
4 medicine medicine
status
status status
Update Updated
5 Updated inventory
inventory inventory
Print Printable
medicine medicine Printable medicine
6
inventory inventory inventory report
report report
Post-
condition
Table 8 shows the test case on Free Medicine module which is the Test case No.5.
Table 9. Free Use of Ambulance Module
58
Test Case #: 6
Test Priority
High
(Low/Medium/High):
Module Name: Free use of Ambulance
Test Title: Test the free use of Ambulance module
Description: Validation in the free use of Ambulance input and output data
Dependencies:
Expected Status
Result (Pass/Fail)
Input patient Lastname: Record is

1 Record is created
information or Jacinta created
Upadate patient Firstname: Record is

2 Record is found
information Precilla found
Get/Update trip Trip ticket

3 Trip Ticket No Trip Ticket No
ticket no.
Printed CHO
Print CHO Printed CHO
findings and
findings and findings and
recommendati
recommendation recommendation
on
Printed trip
4 Print trip ticket Printed trip ticket
ticket
Printable
Print monthly Printable monthly
monthly
5 ambulance use ambulance use
ambulance
report report
use report
Post-
condition
Table 9 shows the test case on Free Use of Ambulance module which is the Test
case No.6. It indicates the high test priority, the test description and pre-condition and the
Table 10. Anti-Rabies Vaccination Module
Test Case #: 7
Test Priority
High
(Low/Medium/High):
59
Module Name: Anti-Rabies Vaccination
Test the free use of Anti-Rabies Vaccination
Test Title:
module
Description: Validation in the free use of Ambulance input and output data
Dependencies:
Expected Status
Result (Pass/Fail)
Input patient
or animal Lastname: Record is
1 Record is created
or
Update
patient or Firstname: Record is
2 Record is found
animal Precilla found
information
Provide Update Update patient
3 Treatment
treatment patient status status
Monitor
Monitored of Monitored of
patient and
4 patient and patient and animal
animal
animal status, status
status,
View patient Viewable Viewable patient
4
info. patient info. info.
Printed
Print periodic Printed periodic
periodic
5 report on report on animal
report on
animal bites bites
animal bites
Post-
condition
Table 10 shows the test case on Anti-Rabies Vaccination module which is the Test
case No.7. It indicates the high test priority, the test description and pre-condition and the
Table 11. Laboratory Tests Module
Test Case #: 8
Test Priority
High
(Low/Medium/High):
Module Name: Laboratory Tests
Test Title: Test the Laboratory Tests module
Description: Validation in the Laboratory Tests input and output data
60
Dependencies:
Test Expected Status

Step # Test Data Actual Result Notes
Steps Result (Pass/Fail)
Input
1 Record is created
or
Upadate
Precilla found
information
Laboratory
Requested Requested
3 test
laboratory test laboratory test
request
Present Updated oral

OR # Receive OR#
OR health condition
Print Printable
Printable
4 laboratory laboratory
laboratory result
result result
Print
Printable
summary Printable summary
summary report
5 report on
on laboratory
report on laboratory
laboratory test
test
test
Post-
condition
Table 11 shows the test case on Laboratory Test module which is the Test case
No.8. It indicates the high test priority, the test description and pre-condition and the
Table 12. Administrator Module
Test Case #: 9
Test Priority
High
(Low/Medium/High):
Module Name: Administrator
Test Title: Test the Administrator module
Validation in the Administrator input and output data
Description:
61
Dependencies:
Expected Status
Result (Pass/Fail)
Input Lastname: Username is Username is

1
username Jacinta accepted accepted
Input Firstname: Login

2 Login successful
password Precilla successful
User
Manage user User account set
3 account set
account uo
uo
Created
4 Create backup Created backup
backup
Control other Restricted Restricted

5
module module module
Successful Successful
Content
6 Content Content
management
management management
Post-
condition
Table 12 shows the test case on Administrator module which is the Test case No.9.
Operating Procedures
This is a set of step-by-step instructions compiled to carry out routine operations.
It aims to achieve efficiency, quality output and uniformity of performance, while
reducing miscommunication and failure to comply with the health center regulations.
Below are the different operating procedures of each module such as: Prenatal, TB
62
Treatment, Free Medicine, Free use of Ambulance, Anti-Rabies Vaccination, Laboratory
Tests, Dental Services, and Immunization. It indicates the name of the Module, the
Process and the work Instruction.
63
Table 13. Prenatal Module
Module Process Work Instruction

For the patient to be able to
Start
avail the prenatal service,
the patient must provide
Get/Update Patient Info the preliminary information.
After that, every time a
patient will visit for
Update prenatal vaccination
checkup, vaccination
Prenatal record will be updated.
View prenatal record
Vaccination is being
handled by the ob-gyne.
Record of the patient can
Print prenatal record/health certificate
be viewed and printed as
well. Health certificate can
Update prenatal record
also be requested to be
printed.
Updating of prenatal record
Stop is also part after each
checkup schedule.
Table 13 shows the process of Prenatal services on how to avail the service.
Patient will get or update the information for every check up and vaccination record will
be updated. Viewing and printing of patients record can be done including request of
health certificate.
64
Table 14. TB Treatment Module
Get/Update Patient
For the patient that needs
Start
Info to undergo TB treatment,
the patient must provide
Request laboratory tests the necessary information,
the need to undergo a lab
test before the medication
Update drug intake begins.
TB Treatment After that, every time a

Monitor patient status patient will visit for
checkup, the drug intake is
being updated.
View patient status
Patient status is monitored
in order to see the
Print patient status report and health progress. Viewing of
certificate patient status as well as
printing of health certificate
is also possible.
Stop
Table 14 shows the procedure of treatment of Tuberculosis after getting or updating
patients info, lab test will request be conducted before the start of medication. Drug intake will
be updated every check up. Monitoring of patients will be done for the progress. Viewing of
status and health certificate can be requested.
65
Table 15. Free Medicine Module
For the patient to avail of

Start Retrieve Patient Info
the free medicine, they
need to provide
Check Doctors prescription order
patient/resident
identification
Release medicine
The Pharmacist check the
doctors prescription order
Free Medicine Monitor medicine status and compare it to the
available medicine.
Update medicine Each time a patient will

inventory request for medicine, the
patient prescription order
Print medicine inventory form is updated.
For every release of
Stop medicine, the Pharmacist
monitors medicine status,
update medicine inventory
and print monthly medicine
inventory report.
Table 15 shows the procedure on how to avail of free medicine. Patient need to
provide or update information before he/she can avail the free medicine. For every
release of medicine, medicines status is being updated.
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Table 16. Free Use of Ambulance Module
For the patient to avail of

the free use of ambulance,
Start Get/Update Patient
Info
provide or update patient
information.
Get/Update trip ticket Get/update the trip ticket
from CHO, then from the
doctor, findings and
Print findings and recommendation
Free Use of recommendation will be
Ambulance provided.
Print patient info
Trip ticket will be printed

Print trip ticket and signed.
The system can provide
Print monthly report on ambulance use monthly report on
ambulance use
Stop
Table 16 shows the procedure on how to avail free use of ambulance beginning
from getting or updating patients information followed by issuance of trip ticket from
CHO then findings and recommendation will be provided and print of ticket will be done
and sign. Monthly report can be provided.
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Table 17. Anti-Rabies Vaccination Module
Start
Get/Update Patient and
Animal info.,
Provide//Update Patient & Animal
info Based on the information,
the doctor will oversee the
Provide treatment or vaccination treatment and/or
vaccination.
Anti-Rabies
Vaccination Monitor patient and animal status Both patient and animal
status will be monitored.
View patient info

View patient info.
Print periodic report on animal bites Print periodic report on

animal bites..
Stop
Table 17 shows the procedure on how to avail Anti-Rabies vaccination. It will
begin from getting or updating patient and animal information. The Doctor will provide
treatment or vaccination based on the information of the patient. Then monitoring of
patient and animal will be done. Patient information can be viewed and reports on animal
bite can be printed.
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Table 18. Laboratory Test Module
Start
Get/Update Patient
Info Get/Update Patient info.,
Request lab test

Request for lab test.
Laboratory Test Present OR Present OR.
Print laboratory result

Print laboratory result and
summary report on
Print summary report on laboratory test laboratory test on periodic
basis.
Stop
Table 18 shows the procedure on Laboratory testing. It will begin form getting or
updating patients information. Then request for laboratory test will be done by
presenting first the OR. After the test, laboratory results will be given. Summary report
on lab test can be printed.
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Table 19. Dental Services Module
Start
Get/Update Patient info.,

Get/Update Patient
Info
Update services rendered Update services rendered,

Dental Services
Update oral health condition Update oral health
condition,
Print monthly dental services report Print monthly dental
services report
Stop
Table 19 shows the procedure on dental services. It will begin from getting or
updating patients information then update the services rendered followed by the oral
health condition of the patient. Printing of monthly dental service report can be done.
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Table 20. Immunization Module
Start
Get/Update Patient & Animal info Get/Update Patient info.,

Info
Update immunization info. Update immunization info.,

Immunization View patient info.
View patient info.
Monitor immunization status and schedule

Monitor immunization
status and schedule
Print monthly immunization
Print periodic report on animal bites
report
Stop
Table 20 shows the procedure on immunization beginning from getting or
updating patients information followed by updating of immunization information and
view. Next step is monitoring of immunization status and schedule. Printing of
immunization report can be done.
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Software / System Evaluation Plan
After the testing strategies have been conducted, the proponent will create an
evaluation questionnaire to further assess the software. The formulation of questionnaires
will be based on the ISO 9126, which is the software product evaluation standard from
the International Organization for Standardization. This international standard defines six
characteristics that describe software quality namely:
(1) Functionality- The software features will be checked if they are all working
correctly.
(2) Reliability- The softwares fault tolerance and recoverability is high, it will not
crash.
(3) Usability- The application can easily be understood and navigate by the end-
users. The design and images to be used are easy to recognize.

(4) Efficiency- The system responds precisely and effectively to the commands. It
uses resources such as memory, the cpu and the network.

(5) Maintainability- The software is easy to maintain and it is stable.
(6) Portability- The software can be used and run in different web browsers versions
and screen resolutions. It does not require necessary programs that are hard to
install.
These characteristics were rated by the respondents using the 5-point Likert scale
as shown in Table 3.
Table 21. Likert Scale
Rating Range Equivalent

5 4.51-5.00 Highly acceptable
4 3.51-4.50 Unacceptable
3 2.51-3.50 Neutral
2 1.51-2.50 Unacceptable
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1 1.00-1.50 Highly unacceptable
On the other hand, the statistical treatments for this study were frequency and
percentage distributions for data presentation and weighted mean to determine the results
in the software evaluation. Below is the evaluation criteria used by the proponent.
Security is the capability of the software product to protect information and data so that
unauthorized person.
Usability is the capability of the software product to be understood, learned, used and
attractive to the user, when used under specified condition. The sub-characteristics of the
usability are:
Understandability is the capability of the software product to enable the user to
understand whether the software is suitable, and how it can be used for particular tasks
and conditions of use.
Learn ability is the capability of the software product to enable the user to learn its
application.
Operability is the capability of the software product to enable the user to operate
and control it.
Attractiveness is the capability of the software product to be attractive to the
user.
Maintainability is the capability of the software product to be modified. Modifications
may include corrections, improvements or adaptation of the software to changes in
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environment, and in requirements and functional specifications. The sub-characteristics
of the maintainability are:
Analyzability is the capability of the software product to be diagnosed for deficiencies or
causes of failures in the software, or for the parts to be modified to be identified.
Changeability is the capability of the software product to enable a specified
modification to be implemented.
Stability is the capability of the software product to avoid unexpected effects
from modifications of the software.
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Table 22. Software Evaluation
Instruction: Please give a grade about the importance of the sub-characteristics
scale where 1 = highly unacceptable, 2 = unacceptable, 3 = neutral, 4 = acceptable, 5 =
highly acceptable. Put a check mark on the space provided.
Criterion 5 4 3 2 1
Functionality
Provides complete tool and solution to current manual
Generates correct program outputs and summary reports
Provides safe keeping of data
Provides accurate report
The software has the capacity for multiuser processing
The software available all the function required for its execution
Reliability
Produce the expected output or results
Software does not have energy related wear-out phase.
The software informs user concerning invalid data entry
The software is capable of recovering of data if event of failure
Usability
Can be understood, learned, used and appear attractive to the user.
Provides on-screen prompts and messages that are clear and helpful to the end users
It is user-friendly.
It is of great help to the end users in replacement to the manual system
Efficiency
The software respond time is appropriate
The software execution time is appropriate
The resources used are appropriate.
End users respond accurately and actively to the commands.
Maintainability
The system can be maintained easily.
It is easy to modify and adapt
Portability
It is easy to adapt to other environment
It is easy to install with other environment
It is easy to use and can be replaced from its previous state when encountered
problems
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Chapter IV
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
This chapter discusses the results of the conducted survey, software evaluation,
analysis of the results and their corresponding interpretation based on the statistical
techniques used.
Technical Description
IT Infrastructure of Health Center Information System is a system designed for
Tanauan City Health Office together with its barangay health centers and people from
Tanauan City, Batangas. This project would provide a platform for the application of
information technologies that could have a remarkable impact on health care processes
and outcomes of the said health office. The following discussion explores the promise of
an ITIHCIS for each level of the health center information system. The system is
designed using bootstrap technology in order for the system to run and be accessible to
any Android-based mobile devices, mostly for viewing purposes. Not all features are
available when using a mobile device.
In the first objective to design a local IT Infrastructure of Health Center
information system, figure below shows how people, hardware and software technology,
the different processes and data interact with each other.
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Reports (Immunization,
Brgy. Health Workers Maternal Record, Dental
Services)
Health Services
Admin
Health Staff and
Nurses
Reports Medicine
Inventory, Services
(Dental, Maternal,
Outpatient, Sanitary
Permit and Health
Checkup Schedule, Patient Certificates, etc
Treatment
Record and Medicine Patient Record
Send SMS
(emergency cases)
Send SMS Doctors and

reminder Dentists
Patient/Residents
Figure 23. ITIHCIS Infrastructure Design
The figure above shows the different components of the healthcare information
system. There will be users like the Health Workers, who submits reports based on the
activities or program held in the community like dental services or immunization
schedule, prenatal/maternal checkup. While the doctors and dentists will be involved in
the system by providing treatment. They will also receive reports like the Monthly
Dental Services Report, Immunization and Prenatal/Maternal Reports.
77
Other personnel that are involved are the health workers and staffs that attend to
the people in terms of giving other health services like the issuance of sanitary permit,
issuance of health certificates, laboratory test, anti-rabies vaccination, free medicine. Part
of the system also is to keep patient record and other reports that will be made available
anytime.
Through the system also the residents or patients can send SMS in case of
emergency. While the system can receive notifications, the system also provides alerts
and notifications to the concerned residents in terms of checkup schedule, dental services
and immunization and vaccination schedule and others like schedule of seminars for
pregnant women or dengue campaign, etc.
While for the maintenance and security, there will be an administrator of the
system. Management and control of the whole system will be their responsibility and
accountability.
The said system will also be made available not only with the use of desktop or
laptop but mobile phones and tablets as well for better accessibility.
The second objective of the study is to design a system that will transmit records
to the municipality and DOH such as:
a. FHSIS (M1) Field Health Services Information System that includes: Maternal care,
Family planning method, Child care, diseases like malaria, tuberculosis, filariasis, leprosy
and STI surveillance.
78
Figure 24. FHSIS (M1) Report Sample Screen Shot
Figure above is one of the reports being sent to DOH in a monthly basis. This
comprises of different components like child vaccination and TB reports.
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b. FHSIS (M2) which is morbidity diseases report.
Figure 25. Morbidity Diseases Report Sample Screen Shot

Figure above is the barangay M2 report being sent to DOH in a monthly basis.
This report lists all illnesses along with the patient who were diagnosed from a certain
barangay in a particular month.
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c. Animal bites record
Figure 26. Animal Bites Sample Screen Shot

Figure 26 shows the interface for the animal bites. A patient code is generated for
the new patient. Initially, the user will ask the information from the patient like the
lastname, firstname, address, gender and birthday. For the vital signs like the weight,
temperature will be entered by the Secretary. Other important information that will be ask
also from the user are the date of bite, size of bite, need to be selected from the dropdown
list, vicinity of bite, again to be selected from the list, for the question whether the
animals was given a vaccination or not, need to be selected also and lastly the nature of
bites.
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This module is provided for patient or victim of animal bites. This will help the
authority to monitor the victim and the animals behavior. This figure provides
information regarding the patients or victims case of animal bites. Medication and
treatment thru vaccination is also part of this module.
d. Dental Records
This module stores and provides information related to the different dental
services offered by the health center. Both the young and adult patients is accommodated
with dental services. After the health worker received/updated the information of the
patient then it will be endorsed to the Secretary where some of the initial information will
be ask like the time of the last checkup and the service availed by the patient.
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Figure 27. Dental Services Sample Screen Shot
Figure 27 shows the interface of dental services. Primarily, patient will have to
provide personal information such as lastname, firstname address of the patient, birthday
and gender for any dental services that will be availed by the patient. After that, the user
will ask the patient about his concern or complaint. If, for example, the complaint is
toothache, the dentist will record the teeth no. that is being complained. For the oral
health condition, the user will based the entry on the legend display in the upper portion
of the interface. Then, the notes prompt will be used by the user to record other
information regarding the complaint.
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E. Drug test results
For the drug test module, the patient will file first a request for the drug test.
Then, after paying the fees in the cashiers office, the patient will present the Official
Receipt before the procedure.
Figure 28. Drug Test Report Sample Screen Shot
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Figure 28 shows the list of patients who undergone a drug test. The process of
printing the drug test is from the DOH system. Based on the record of DOH, it will be
entered into the ITIHCIS for record purposes. The said report is only available in the
Med. Tech Module for confidentiality purposes.
85
g. Inventory of medicines and vaccines
This module will provide the pharmacists a way to search for available medicine.
The medicine that will be issued will be based on the prescription of the city health
physician.
Figure 29. Free Medicines Sample Screen Shot
This module will provide a way to search for the prescribed medicine. One it is
available, the generic name of the medicine will be displayed, the unit, for the frequency,
this will based on the prescription of the physician. The patient code will be ask from the
patient to monitor the issuance or release of the said supplies.
This module provides an interface to list all available vaccines. For the patient, to
avail of this service, need to present a patient vaccination record in order to check and
validate the vaccines that was given already.
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Figure 30. Vaccines Sample Screen Shot
This module shows the available vaccines for each child patient. This module also
shows the schedule of vaccinations based on the registration of the patient. In this
portion, the patient needs to complete the doses of a specific vaccine and to follow on the
schedule given unless the child is sick.
In the third objective to develop a resident health monitoring system that will
monitor the following:
a. Resident checkup schedule
This module will help the staff of the health center to monitor easily those patients
that needs to be reminded of their scheduled checkup or vaccine.
87
Figure 31. List of Patient Schedule for Vaccination and Checkup
Figure 31 shows extracted record of patients with vaccination schedule or
checkup. The health worker will remind them through SMS 2 days before the scheduled
date.
b. Resident health status
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Figure 32. Resident/Patient Health Status Report- Animal Bite
In the fourth objective to design a system that will allow sending of alert
messages or notification through SMS by providing a module for sending reminders to
patient for follow up check up and other concern.
Figure 33. Send SMS Reminder Sample Screen Shot
Figure 33 is an interface for sending SMS reminder to the patient. Messages being
sent are stored for the purpose of reviewing messages in case it is necessary.
In the fifth objective, to develop a system that will allow residents to send SMS
alerts to the system in case of emergency. Below is an example of an SMS from one of
the patient being sent to the system.
89
Figure 34. Received SMS from Resident Sample Screen Shot
The figure above shows a received message from a resident. Like any ordinary
SMS, the patient can send any message to the system, provided that the user is using an
Android-based mobile phone with Telerivet and Textra SMS APIs installed in their
device. Below is another figure that shows if a particular message that was sent by the
resident or patient get to the system.
90
Figure 35. Sent and Received SMS of a Patient Sample Screen Shot
Figure above shows the message sent to the system by the patient and another
message informing the patient that a message was received by the system, it is an
automatic reply to every SMS sent by the patient.
In the sixth objective to design a system reports that will provide the following
reports:
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a. Field Health Services Information System (FHSIS M1 Brgy)
Figure 36. FHSIS M1 Report Sample Screen Shot

Figure above shows the report generated by the system. The said report is
produced in a monthly basis per barangay to be emailed to the DOH. The said report is
being managed by the health worker user.

b. Field Health Services Information System (FHSIS M2 Brgy)
b.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
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Figure 37. FHSIS M2 Report Sample Screen Shot
Figure above shows another report generated by the system. The said report is
produced in a monthly basis per barangay to be emailed to the DOH. The said report is
being managed by the health worker user.

c. Supplies of medicine and vaccines
Figure 37. Medicine Status Report Sample Screen Shot

Figure above shows the medicine status report, where the quantity before any
update is displayed, at the same time the quantity added, the date it was updated and the
quantity on hand.
d. Dental Services
93
Figure 39. Dental Services Report Sample Screen Shot
Figure 38 shows the list of patients availed the dental services in the monthly
basis. The report shows the name of patients, their address, unit where they belong,
birthday, age, gender, services and date the service was availed.
e. Vaccines and Immunization
Figure 40. Vaccination and Immunization Report Sample Screen Shot
Figure 40 shows the list of vaccines given to the patient based on their age. The
table shows the list of vaccines available and a tally of patients who were given a specific
vaccine.
94
f. Anti-Rabies/Animal Bite
Figure 41. Animal Bite Patient Status Report Sample Screen Shot
The figure above shows the monthly report on Animal Bite. This includes name of
the patient, address of the patient, unit and vaccination status. In case a patients
vaccination status is incomplete or on going, a date will appear in the column next
injection schedule for the next dosage of vaccine, until such time that medication is
completed.
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g. TB Consultation and Treatment
h.
Figure 42. TB Patient Report Sample Screen Shot
The figure above shows the status of a patient with TB. It is composed of patient
name, address date of birth, gender, date of birth, medication started and date requested.
h. Laboratory Test Records
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Figure 43. Urinalysis Examination Report Sample Screen Shot
The upper figure shows the list of patient who requested for urinalysis test. The
said report is generated in a monthly basis and managed by the Medtech user.
i. Sanitary Permit
Figure 44. Sanitary Permit Sample Screen Shot

Figure 44 prints the sanitary permit applied by any resident intended for their
business. For a resident to apply for a sanitary permit, he need to make sure that he/she is
already secured with business permit. Other requirements like potability of water and
payment is settled.
Software Evaluation Using ISO9126
The study is to evaluate the acceptability of the system using the ISO9126. The
software was evaluated using the set of quality metrics/criteria stated to validate
effectiveness of the software being developed. Criteria rank according to the opinion of
respondents after evaluating the software, 5 being the highest and 1 as lowest.
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Table 23.0 Response in the Functionality Criteria:
Barangay Health Workers Respondents
Criterion 5 4 3 2 1
Functionality
Provides complete tool and solution to current manual 18 4 0 0 0
Generates correct program outputs and summary reports 19 2 0 0 0
Provides safe keeping of data 18 4 0 0 0
Provides accurate report 17 3 2 0 0
The software has the capacity for multiuser processing 18 3 2 0 0
The software available all the function required for its 17 2 0 0 0
execution
Total 107 18 4 0 0
There were 107 barangay health workers in the set of respondents who
STRONGLY AGREED that the software is fully functional and is capable of providing
complete tools and solutions. On the other hand, there were 18 barangay health workers
who AGREED and 4 barangay health workers MODERATELY AGREED.
The weighted mean, 4.79 of the Functionality criteria under the Barangay health
workers category falls on the HIGHLY ACCEPTABLE scale. The result means that the
system provides complete set of tools for city health office transaction.
98
Table 24.0 Response in the Functionality Criteria:
City Health Officials and Staffs Respondents
Criterion 5 4 3 2 1
Functionality
Provides complete tool and solution to current manual 7 1 1 0 0
Generates correct program outputs and summary 6 2 0 0 0
reports
Provides safe keeping of data 6 2 0 0 0
Provides accurate report 8 2 2 0 0
The software has the capacity for multiuser processing 7 1 0 0 0
The software available all the function required for its 7 1 0 0 0
execution
Total 41 9 3 0 0
There were 41 city health staffs and officials in the set of respondents who
STRONGLY AGREED that the system is HIGHLY ACCEPTABLE in terms of
Functionality. Furthermore, 9city health staffs and officials AGREED and 3
MODERATELY AGREED in the functionalities of the software. The weighted mean,
4.73 of Functionality criteria in the city health staffs and officials respondents group falls
in the HIGHLYACCEPTABLE scale.
99
Table 25.0 Response in the Reliability Criteria:
There were 106 barangay health workers in the set of barangay health workers
Criterion 5 4 3 2 1
Reliability
Produce the expected output or results 28 4 3 0 0
Software does not have energy related wear-out 25 4 2 0 0
phase.
The software informs user concerning invalid data 26 3 2 0 0
entry
The software is capable of recovering of data if 27 4 1 0 0
event of failure
Total 106 15 8 0 0
respondents who STRONGLY AGREED that the software provides reliable program
outputs and test results. On the other hand, there were 15 barangay health workers who
AGREED and 8 barangay health workers MODERATELY AGREED. The weighted
mean, 4.63 of the Reliability criteria under the Barangay health workers respondents
group falls on the HIGHLY ACCEPTABLE scale.
100
Table 26.0 Response in the Reliability Criteria:
City Health Staffs and Officials Respondents
Criterion 5 4 3 2 1
Reliability
Produce the expected output or results 10 1 0 0 0
Software does not have energy related wear-out 10 2 1 0 0
phase.
The software informs user concerning invalid data 11 1 1 0 0
entry
The software is capable of recovering of data if 12 2 2 0 0
event of failure
Total 43 6 4 0 0
There were 43 City Health Officials and Staffs Respondents in the set of
respondents who STRONGLY AGREED that the system is HIGHLY ACCEPTABLE
in terms of Reliability. Furthermore, 6 officials and staffs AGREED and officials and
staffs and 4 MODERATELY AGREED in the reliability of the software. The weighted
mean, 4.67 of Reliability criteria in the barangay officials and staffs respondents group
falls on the HIGHLYACCEPTABLE scale.
101
Table 27.0 Response in the Usability Criteria:
Criterion 5 4 3 2 1
Usability
Can be understood, learned, used and appear 10 14 0 0 0
attractive to the user.
Provides on-screen prompts and messages that are 9 11 1 0 0
clear and helpful to the end users
It is user-friendly. 10 5 1 0 0
It is of great help to the end users in replacement 10 8 3 0 0
to the manual system
Total 74 38 5 0 0
STRONGLY AGREED that the software is usable and user-friendly. On the other
hand, there were 53 barangay health workers who AGREED that the system is
convenient to use and 6 barangay health workers MODERATELY AGREED. The
weighted mean, 4.49 of the Usability criteria under the Barangay health workers
category is on the ACCEPTABLE scale. The result means that the system can be easily
learned, understood, beneficial and attractive to the user.
102
Table 28.0 Response in the Usability Criteria:
City health officials and staffs Respondents
Criterion 5 4 3 2 1
Usability
Can be understood, learned, used and appear attractive 10 2 1 0 0
to the user.
Provides on-screen prompts and messages that are clear 9 2 1 0 0
and helpful to learn program creation and testing
It is user-friendly. 10 1 1 0 0
It is of great help to the end users in replacement to the 10 3 3 0 0
manual system
Total 39 8 6 0 0
There were 39 officials and staffs in the set of respondents who STRONGLY
AGREED that the system is HIGHLY ACCEPTABLE in terms of Usability.
Furthermore, 38 officials/staffs AGREED and 5MODERATELY AGREED in the
usability of the software. The weighted mean, 4.41 of Usability criteria in the city health
staffs and officials respondents group falls on the ACCEPTABLE scale.
103
Table 29.0 Response in the Efficiency Criteria:
Criterion 5 4 3 2 1
Efficiency
The software respond time is appropriate 24 6 3 0 0
The software execution time is appropriate 19 7 5 0 0
The resources used are appropriate. 25 3 1 0 0
End users respond accurately and actively to the 30 5 1 0 0
commands.
Total 98 21 10 0 0
STRONGLY AGREED that the software is capable of providing appropriate response
while performing its function. On the other hand, there were 21 barangay health workers
who AGREED that the system uses appropriate storage resource of the computer and 10
MODERATELY AGREED. The weighted mean, 4.68 of the Efficiency criteria under
the Barangay health workers respondents group falls on the HIGHLY ACCEPTABLE
scale.
The result means that the system is efficient and users can respond correctly.
104
Table 30.0 Response in the Efficiency Criteria:
City Health Officials and Staffs
Criterion 5 4 3 2 1
Efficiency
The software respond time is appropriate 11 1 0 0 0
The software execution time is appropriate 12 1 0 0 0
The resources used are appropriate. 12 1 1 0 0
End users respond accurately and actively to the 11 0 2 0 0
commands.
Total 47 3 3 0 0
There were 47 city health officials and staffs in the set of respondents who
Efficiency criteria. In addition, 3 city health officials and staffs AGREED in the
capability of the software in terms of resource utilization and time behavior. The
weighted mean, 4.96 of Efficiency criteria in the city health officials and staffs
respondents group falls on the HIGHLYACCEPTABLE scale.
105
Table 31.0 Response in the Maintainability Criteria:
Criterion 5 4 3 2 1
Maintainability
The system can be maintained easily. 52 9 4 0 0
It easy to modify and adapt 54 7 3 0 0
Total 106 16 7 0 0
There were 106 in the set of barangay health workers who STRONGLY
AGREED that the system is HIGHLY ACCEPTABLE in terms of Maintainability. On
the other hand, 16barangay health workers AGREED in the capability of the software
maintenance and 7 barangay health workers MODERATELY AGREED that the system
is easy to maintain. The weighted mean, 4.76 of Usability criteria in the Barangay health
workers respondents group falls on the HIGHLY ACCEPTABLE scale.
106
Table 32.0 Response in the Maintainability Criteria:
Criterion 5 4 3 2 1
Maintainability
The system can be maintained easily. 24 2 0 0 0
It easy to modify and adapt 25 2 0 0 0
Total 49 4 0 0 0
In the Barangay officials and staffs set of respondents, there were 49 who
Maintainability. On other hand, there were 4 officials and staffs who AGREED that the
system is easy to maintain. The weighted mean, 4.9 of Maintainability under the Officials
and staffs respondents group falls on the HIGHLYACCEPTABLE scale.
Table 33.0 Response in the Portability Criteria:

Criterion 5 4 3 2 1
Portability
It is easy to adapt to other environment 37 8 0 0 0
It is easy to install with other environment 35 4 0 0 0
It is easy to use and can be replaced from its previous 40 5 0 0 0
state when encountered problems
Total 112 17 0 0 0
STRONGLY AGREED that the software is capable of adapting to different platforms.
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On the other hand, there were 17 barangay health workers AGREED that the system can
adapt easily to different environment. The weighted mean, 4.9 of the Portability criteria
under the Barangay health workers respondents group is on the HIGHLY
ACCEPTABLE scale.
Table 34.0 Response in the Portability Criteria:

Criterion 5 4 3 2 1
Portability
It is easy to adapt to other environment 16 2 0 0 0
It is easy to install with other environment 14 1 0 0 0
It is easy to use and can be replaced from its previous 20 0 0 0 0
state when encountered problems
Total 50 3 0 0 0
There are 50 in the set of respondents who STRONGLY AGREED that the
system is HIGHLY ACCEPTABLE in terms of portability criteria. On other hand, there
are 3 city health officials and staffs who AGREED that the system is ACCEPTABLE.
The weighted mean, 4.94 of Portability under the city health officials and staffs
respondents group falls on the HIGHLY ACCEPTABLE scale.
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Table 35.0 Summary of the Software Evaluation on ITIHCIS
CRITERION Mean Interpretation

A. FUNCTIONALITY 4.76 Highly Acceptable
B. RELIABILITY 4.65 Highly Acceptable
C. USABILITY 4.45 Acceptable
D. EFFICIENCY 4.82 Highly Acceptable
E. MAINTAINABILITY 4.83 Highly Acceptable
F. PORTABILITY 4.93 Highly Acceptable
Mean 4.74 Highly Acceptable
In general, the software yielded a weighted mean of 4.74, which fall on the
ACCEPTABLE in the Likerts scale. In addition, it is already proven that there is no
significant difference among the response of the compared means of the three categories
of respondents.
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Chapter V
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
This chapter discusses the summary of findings, conclusions based on the results
of the survey and software evaluation, and the recommendations for the betterment of the
study.
Summary of Findings
This study was conducted for the purpose of improving the way services of the
city health office of Tanauan City being rendered to its people.
Based on the initial research the proponent found out that they are still using
manual procedure in terms of their services. Upgrading it, could provide a faster, more
efficient, more accurate and more reliable storing of data through IT infrastructure of
Health Center Information System.
To attain the objectives of the study, the study used the descriptive method to
support the initial findings, further analysed and interpreted the collected data and also
developed the software where Systems Development Life Cycle was applied in
developing the software. Significant modules were identified and created through the use
of PHP programming language, implementing bootstrap technology and MySql for
database management.
The study was considered a success, because based on the software evaluation,
the Functionality criteria having an average of 4.76 according to the barangay health
workers and city health officials and staffs. In addition, the result indicated that the
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software is efficient in terms of providing appropriate responses. Not only the
functionality that was a basis of success but the Reliability criteria having also an
average of 4.65 indicates that the system produces a reliable and accurate results.
Thirdly, the system was evaluated according to its portability. With an average of
4.92, it appears that the system can work in different environment and its adaptability is
very high.
Evaluation of the Acceptability of the Software Using ISO 9126.
The result of the software evaluation provided a greater opportunity to know the
strengths of the software, improve other functionalities of the modules, and also helped in
determining possible features that can be integrated in the software. The criteria included
in the ISO 9126 thoroughly examined the developed software. The result which yielded
an over-all mean of 4.77 showed that the software achieved and passed all the necessary
requirements in developing a software. It can be assured that the software will work
efficiently; will return accurate results, usable and can be maintained in different
environments. The metrics and descriptions stated in the evaluation instrument showed
that it focuses on software quality to improve operations and data storage and to lessen
cost of development.
Conclusions
Based on the results, the study concludes the following:
1. The major improvement of implementing information technology has been in saving
of time of health workers in record keeping and report generation. Computerization
111
has enabled implementation of a good system for service delivery, monitoring and
supervision.
2. The conducted software evaluation takes a great part in the achievement of the
objectives of the study.
Recommendations
The researcher of the study further recommends the following:
1. Utilization of ITIHCIS to maximize technology in the health care field.
2. Telemedicine is good component in the health care system, this can be
incorporated to ITIHCIS in order to further improve its service to the barangay.
3. Maximize public health surveillance to improve health, health programs and
health policy.
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Chapter I

physicians, dental services, immunizations, health screenings, laboratory services, and

mental health services.

monitoring of the health conditions of the health center patients.

Philippine Information Health System (PHISystem) used by the Department of Health.

According to Burg (2010), a health information system (HIS) is an information

Collecting, classifying, processing, and analyzing are processes involved in these

beneficial to both the patients and health care providers.

identified stakeholders through the following:

1. Health center officials

Efficiently collecting and recording necessary information from the

community and DOH;

Faster transactions in programs and services; and

The system has the following features:

1. Posting of schedule of check-ups and follow-up check ups

To be able to develop a system IT Infrastructure for Health Center

INFORMATION SYSTEM (ITIHCIS) which generally aims to provide a more

Specifically, this project aims the following:

1. To design a local IT infrastructure of Health Care Information System.

schistosomiasis, filariasis, leprosy and STI surveillance.

Health Office by developing an information system to be used by health workers and

staff in order to minimize if not totally eliminate redundancy of work.

health services program of government.

a better and efficient monitoring.

in-charged of issuing health certificate to business establishments required of getting a

reservation and with physicians endorsement or recommendation to seek for medical

opinion or assistance in some hospitals. While patients can view announcements,

This study will be using Software Development Life Cycle.

Related Studies and Literature

An article entitled A Sustainable And Affordable Support System For Rural

healthcare delivery model (home-based healthcare) in displaced rural areas of South

Unstructured Supplementary Service Data (USSD) technology. The proposed system is

tele-monitored on a regular basis. This patient monitoring system facilitates patient

through sending a message in case of emergency.

Tuy Municipal Health Center Information System, a thesis by Lorissa Joana E.

establishment. It is an automated information system for Tuy Municipal Health Center

reliability and security of some confidential information of patients. It has great

that the researchers confirmed that it is highly acceptable for them.

Improving Use and Management of Information in Health Districts. A study of

sharing or communication of important information between primary health care and

communicable diseases, Tuberculosis and Drug programmes.

sources of information and manage information obtained by principal components such

efficiency, reliability and flexibility of your organization or business. The Information

ddesigning and iimplementing of an Electronic Health Record (E.H.R.). It also includes

special computer knowledge.

be the breadth of diagnoses encountered, rural practice locations, and/or greater

treatment protocols, pharmaceutical data and prescription ordering, patient education,

coding, documenting patient encounters, and stress relief (playing games).

From the Project Mobile Health Information System by John M. Lloyd

SATELLIFE Center for Health Information and Technology is a recognized leader in

developing and deploying information and communication technologies to support

AED-SATELLIFE has supported projects using mobile technology in 30 countries. AED-

contain a static library of treatment guidelines published by the Ugandan Ministry of

A Health Information System (HIS) is a functional entity within the framework of

As such, it is a management information system. Although many definitions of a

involves the processes for collecting, processing and disseminating information in a

health system (Shrestha and Bodart 2000).

organizations in order to incorporated better use of technology, to aid decision making

in the medical field either throughout the organization of globally

(Faddala&Wickramasinghe 2004). Innovations such as Electronic Health Record (HER),

are now seen as major hindrance to increasing organizational performance in terms of

performance (Devaraj&Kohli 2003).

Melinda Beeuwkes Buntin, Matthew F. Burke, Michael C. Hoaglin and David

remains a problem and a barrier to achieving the potential of health information