Ieee Cts and Pts 6-10

Are you using the right CT's and PT's
for your application?

John Levine, P.E.
Levine Lectronics and Lectric

E-mail: John@L-3.com
GE Multilin / Instrument Transformers, Inc.
1
GE Multilin
Instrument Transformers, Inc.
Alternate Title of Presentation
Now I know what I do not know about

CTs and PTs.
As engineers we do not need to know all the

answers just where to get them.
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GE Multilin
Current & Voltage Transformer
Basics (IEEE Standards)
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Agenda
Current Transformers
Voltage Transformers
Required Information for Specifying CTs & VTs
Take Home Rules for CTs & VTs
Applications where used
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Why use Instrument Transformers?
Circuit Isolation
Reduce voltage and currents

to reasonable working levels.
Phasor combinations for

summing and measuring
power
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CURRENT TRANSFORMERS
TYPES OF C.T. CONSTRUCTION
The most common type of C.T. construction is the DOUGHNUT

type. It is constructed of an iron toroid, which forms the core of the
transformer, and is wound with secondary turns.
Secondary Winding Primary Conductor
Iron Core
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Transformer ratio (TR)
Transformer Ratio = Primary Current

_____________________
Secondary Current
Primary Current Secondary Current

(100 amps) (5 amps)
100 = 100:5 or 20:1

___
5
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Polarity
Direction of
Secondary Current
Direction of
Primary Current
X1 IEEE Secondary
IEEE H1
S1
IEC Polarity
Primary Marks
Polarity
Marks IEC P1
Remember:
Primary current into polarity =
Secondary current out of polarity 8
GE Multilin
Polarity Direction of
Secondary Current
X1 IEEE Secondary
IEEE H1
S1
IEC Polarity
Primary Marks
Polarity
Marks IEC P1
Direction of
Remember: Primary Current
Primary current into non-polarity =

Secondary current out of non-polarity 9
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Generator typical wiring
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What is your application?
If your application is metering , how high do I

need to go in current? 2 times ?
If your application is protective relaying, how

high do I need to go in current? 20 times ? 40
times ?
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GE Multilin
CT Rating Factor (RF) -- IEEE
Rated current x (RF) =
Maximum continuous current carrying
capability:
Without exceeding temperature limits
Without loss of published accuracy class
Typical rating factors for Metering CTs are:

1.0, 1.33, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0
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GE Multilin
CT Rating Factor (RF) -- IEEE
IEEE C57.13 Accuracy
0.60 0.3% @ BX.X RF 4.0
0.6%
Accuracy
Accuracy Class - %
0.30
Region 0.3% Accuracy
Region
10% 100% 200% 300% 400%
0.30
0.60
1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0

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Rating Factor GE Multilin
Short-Time Thermal Current Rating
One (1) second thermal rating
Expressed as value of RMS primary current
Main influencing factor:
CT primary & secondary wire size
Can be converted to thermal rating for any
time period (t) up to five (5) seconds:
(New RF at new Ambient/Stated RF at 30 degrees C)2=

85-New Ambient/New Ambient
Example: CT with rating factor of 4 at 30 degrees = rating factor of 2.95 at

55 degrees
X2/42=85-55/55 X=2.95
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CT Metering Accuracy
Actual secondary
current = Rated secondary
current
Difference in % is known as
the Accuracy
of the CT
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IEEE CT Metering Accuracy
Accuracy Application
Class ( * )
0.15
High Accuracy Metering
0.15S
Special High Accuracy
Metering
0.3
* All accuracy classes defined by IEEE C57.13 or C57.13.6
Revenue Metering
* Accuracy classes include both ratio & phase angle error 16
0.6 GE Multilin
Indicating Instruments
Burden
Load connected to CT secondary
Includes devices & connecting leads
Expressed in ohms
Standard values = B0.1, B0.2, B0.5, B0.9, B1.8
E0.04, E0.2
All burdens defined by IEEE C57.13 or C57.13.6 for 60 Hz only
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GE Multilin
Standard IEEE CT Burdens (5 Amp)
(Per IEEE Std. C57.13-1993 & C57.13.6)
Application Burden Impedance VA @ Power

Designation (Ohms) 5 amps Factor
Metering B0.1 0.1 2.5 0.9

B0.2 0.2 5 0.9
B0.5 0.5 12.5 0.9
B0.9 0.9 22.5 0.9
B1.8 1.8 45 0.9
E0.2 0.2 5 1.0
E0.04 0.04 1 1.0
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CT CLASSIFICATION for Metering
A current transformer for metering purposes may
typically have an accuracy of 0.3%. The C.T. must
maintain this accuracy for normal load currents,
provided the rated burden on the C.T. is not exceeded.
It is quite acceptable, and in fact desirable, for the C.T.
to saturate when fault current flows. The accuracy for a
typical metering C.T. is specified as:
0.3 M 0.9
O.3% METERING O.9 OHMS BURDEN
This metering C.T. has an accuracy of 0.3% when the

19
connected burden does not exceed 0.9 OHMS.Instrument Transformers,
GE Multilin
Inc.
Accuracy expressed as: Typical
Examples
Accuracy Class + Burden (Ohms) = 0.3B0.2
(0.3, 0.6, 1.2) (*) (B0.1, B0.2, B0.5, 0.6B0.9
B0.9, B1.8)
1.2B1.8
(0.15*, 0.15S^) E0.2, E0.04) 0.15E0.2
* Accuracy class is stated at 100% rated current

* At 10% rated current, twice the error is allowed (5% for 0.15 class)
^ Accuracy class is stated at 100% to 5% rated current
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IEEE C57.13 Accuracy
0.60 0.3 @ BX.X; RF 4.0
0.6%
Accuracy
Accuracy Class - %
0.30 Region
0.3% Accuracy
Region
10% 100% 200% 300% 400%
0.30
No accuracy guaranteed at
current levels less than 10%
0.60
1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0

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CT Parallelogram IEEE C57.13
0.3 class 10%
parallelogram 100%
0.6 class
parallelogram
Note:
Burden must
be specified
Out of 0.3% Class

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CT Parallelogram IEEE C57.13
0.3 class
parallelogram 10%
100%
0.6 class
parallelogram
Note:
Burden must
be specified
Corrected to 0.3% Class

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IEEE C57.13.6 Accuracy
0.60 0.15 @ E0.04, E0.20; 0.15 @ BX.X; RF4.0
Accuracy Class - %
0.30 0.15% Accuracy

Region
0.15 0.3%
Accuracy
5% Region 100% 200% 300% 400%
0.15
0.30
No accuracy guaranteed
at current levels less than 5%
0.60
1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0

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IEEE C57.13.6 Accuracy
0.60 0.15S @ E0.04, E0.20; 0.15S @ BX.X, RF4.0
Accuracy Class - %
0.30 0.15% Accuracy

Region
0.15
5% 100% 200% 300% 400%

0.15
0.30
No accuracy guaranteed
at current levels less than 5%
0.60
1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0

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IEEE CT Relay Accuracy
Protection CT
Standard Relay Accuracy Classes
C or T100
C or T200
What do these mean?
C or T400
C or T800
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Relay class (C or T___ ) designates minimum

secondary terminal volts
At 20 times rated current
Without exceeding 10% ratio error
Into a maximum specified burden
Now that everyone is totally confused

lets look at some simple examples 27
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CT CLASSIFICATION for RELAYING
Protection Class CTs - Must supply 20 times rated current
Format 10 C 400
Accuracy Voltage at 20 times CT

Letter
T = Determined by test
C = Calculated
K = Calculated
L = Low internal secondary impedance
H = High internal secondary impedance 28
GE Multilin
C or T100 example
Secondary current
X1
100 amps (20 x 5)
Terminal Volts = 100

X2
Burden of
Devices ()
Primary current Total Ext
24,000 amps Burden
(20 x 1200) CT 1.0
Burden of
1200:5 Leads ()
C or T100
Terminal Volts = (20 times rated) (Total external burden)
100 Volts = (100 amps) (1.0 ) 29
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C or T200 example
Secondary current
X1
100 amps (20 x 5)
Terminal Volts = 200

X2
Burden of
Devices ()
Primary current Total Ext
24,000 amps Burden
(20 x 1200) CT 2.0
Burden of
1200:5 Leads ()
C or T200
Terminal volts = (20 times rated) (Total external burden)

200 Volts = (100 amps) (2.0 ) 30
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Standard IEEE CT Burdens (5 Amp)
(Per IEEE Std. C57.13-1993)
Application Burden Impedance VA @ Power

Designation (Ohms) 5 amps Factor
Relaying B1 1 25 0.5
B2 2 50 0.5
B4 4 100 0.5
B8 8 200 0.5
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Excitation curve includes
voltage required to overcome
internal resistance (DCR) of CT.
Approximately 32 volts.
10% ratio error = (20 x 5) (10%)

= (100) (0.10)
= 10 amps
How many terminal volts

would you estimate
this CT can produce?
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1000:5 CT
IB >4.5
1000 Amps 5amps amps
IE<0.5amps
With 10% error, IB is anywhere from 4.5 to 5.5 amps
Most Protection CTs also have a Metering CT accuracy so

you could use this value for calculating the error at lower
currents
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CT Burden Calculation
How do we calculate this?
X1 Secondary current
X2
Primary Burden of
Current Devices ()
Total
Burden Z T
CT Burden of
Leads ()
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CT Burden Calculation
Z T = RCT + RL + ZB
Z T = Total burden in ohms (vector summation of
resistance and inductance components)
RCT = CT secondary resistance in ohms @75 deg C (DCR)
RL = Resistance of leads in ohms (Total loop distance)

ZB = Device impedance in ohms
Assumption: 3 phase CTs are Y connected

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GE Multilin Electronic Relay Burden
VA = VI. V= IR, So 0.2 = I*I*R.

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.2/25 = .008 ohms GE Multilin
100:5 C.T. Secondary Winding Resistance (DCR) = .062 ohm
Resistance of Cable from C.T. to Relay and back = .1 ohms
Resistance of Relay Coil = .02 ohms
Total Resistance = .182 ohms
.062 .02
.1
If we have a fault of 2,000 amps and the C.T. ratio is 100:5 then the C.T.
secondary current is 100 amps. Therefore we will produce a voltage of 100
amps x .182 ohms = 18.2 Volts. To prevent CT saturation, select a CT with a
knee point above 18.2 Volts.
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780-102 is a 1000 to 5 CT, Class C100
1000:5 C.T. Secondary Winding Resistance (DCR) = .32 ohm
Resistance of Cable from C.T. to Relay and back = .1 ohms
Resistance of Relay Coil = .008 ohms
Total Resistance = .428 ohms
.32 .008
.1
If we have a fault of 20,000 amps and the C.T. ratio is 1000:5 then the C.T.
secondary current is 100 amps. Therefore we will produce a voltage of 100
amps x .428 ohms = 42.8 Volts. To prevent CT saturation, select a CT with a
knee point above 42.8 Volts.
What happens if the fault current is 40,000 amps?
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Factors Influencing CT Accuracy
Frequency
Low frequency and High accuracy are not friends!!
Current Ratio
Low ratio and high accuracy are not friends!!
Burden
High burden and High Accuracy are not friends!!
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CT Saturation
What is CT Saturation?
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Power Systems Relay Committee (PSRC)
Saturation Calculator
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Factors Affecting Degree of Saturation
and Time to Saturation
DC Offset
Fault Magnitude (symmetrical current)
100 to 5 CT@20 times= 2000 amps, at 20,000 amps we have 200 times CT
CT Turns Ratio
Secondary Burden
CT Accuracy
Remanence Flux
Can occur if current interrupted when core is saturated
If DC flows in windings during testing
Need a voltage above 60% of knee point to reduce the remanence to
less than 10% of saturation flux density. 42
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Tips for Avoiding CT Saturation
Use higher ratio CTs
Use separate set of high ratio CTs for high fault
current tripping
Reduce secondary burden
Select low burden relays & meters
Distribute single phase burdens among phases
Increase size of secondary leads
Reduce length of secondary leads
Use step down auxiliary CTs
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Potential Transformers
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Definitions
Voltage Transformer (VT)
An instrument transformer used to reflect a primary
voltage into a secondary voltage through a magnetic medium.
Always connected in parallel with primary conductor across a
circuit load.
Secondary (measuring) voltage is usually 115 or 120
volts nominally. The secondary voltage level is selected for ease
of measurement and safety.
Control Power Transformer (CPT)
Designed to provide power for contractors, relays and
devices with high inrush currents, Regulation is not as critical.
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POTENTIAL TRANSFORMERS
VP
14,400/120 = 120/1
4200/120 = 35/1
2400/120 = 20/1
Vs
Relay
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GE Multilin
IEEE VT Accuracy Class
Metering Accuracy
Classes (% error)
0.3
Defined by IEEE C57.13
0.6
Applicable from 90% to 110%
rated voltage
1.2
0.15 Defined by IEEE C57.13.6

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GE Multilin
Metering Accuracy
Class Burdens
Burden VA PF
W 12.5 0.10
X 25 0.70
M 35 0.20
Y 75 0.85
Z 200 0.85
ZZ 400 0.85
These standard burden designations have no significance 49
at frequencies other than 60 Hz. GE Multilin
Expressed as:
Accuracy Class + Burden Code
0.3 W,X,Y
0.6 Z
1.2 ZZ
These standard designations have no significance

at frequencies other than 60 Hz.
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VT Installation Guidelines
Caution:
Rated voltage: Do not operate above 110%
Line to ground rated:

Do not connect line to line
Do not use on ungrounded systems
w/o consulting factory
Rated Frequency: Do not operate below rated

frequency w/o consulting 52
factory GE Multilin
IEEE VT Groups
VT No. of Connection Neutral Notes
Group Bushing Grounding
Method
1 2 open Any Withstand 25% over rated voltage on
an emergency basis
Y-Y possible
2 2 open Any Withstand 10% over rated voltage
continuously. Primary rated for line to
Y-Y possible line voltage.
3 1 Y-Y-Y Any Outdoor, two secondary windings.
Withstand 10% over rated voltage
continuously.
4A 1 Y-Y Effectively Withstand 10% over rated voltage
continuously & 25% on an emergency
basis. For operation at 100% rated
voltage.
4B 1 Y-Y Non- Withstand 10% overvoltage
effectively continuously. For operation at 58%
Y-Broken rated voltage.
Corner
5 1 Y-Y Effectively Outdoor. Withstand 40% over rated
voltage for 1 minute and 10% over
rated voltage continuously
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VT Typical Connections
Open Delta Connection Y Y Connection

(2) Double Bushing VTs (3) Single Bushing VTs
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Ferroresonance
Possible with Y connected grounded VTs on
ungrounded power systems
A VT is an inductive component
Capacitance to ground exists in the system
When they match ferroresonance may occur
May cause higher VT voltages & saturation
Possible results --High VT currents
Overheating
VT failure 55
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Ferroresonance
Recommended reading:
Ferroresonance of Grounded Potential

Transformers on Ungrounded Power Systems
AIEE Power Apparatus & Systems,

Aug 1959, pg 607-618, by Karlicek and Taylor
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Ferroresonance Damping
Preferred method
Non effectively
grounded system
Y Broken Corner VT connection
Voltage relay to 0 volts @ normal condition

detect ground 3 times normal L-N phase
fault voltage @ ground fault
Ferroresonance 57
damping resistor RFR GE Multilin

Ferroresonance Damping
Preferred method
Y-Y/Broken Corner Connection
Double secondary VT
(1) Relaying / Metering
(1) Ground fault detection
and ferroresonance damping
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Ferroresonance
Damping
Ferroresonance
damping resistor
RFR value
Based on 2 variables:
Air core inductance of primary winding (La)
VT ratio (N)
RFR = 100 La / N2
Power rating (watts) of the resistor is a system related problem. 59
General recommendation is 50% of VA rating of a single VT. GE Multilin
Required Information
for Specifying CTs & VTs
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Current Transformer (CT) RFQ Specification
Environment: ___Indoor ___Outdoor
System Voltage (kV) Power Frequency (kV) BIL (kV) Standard (Check one)
0.6 4 10 IEEE __
0.72 3 IEC __
3.6 10 40 IEC __
5.0 19 60 IEEE __
7.2 20 60 IEC __
8.7 26 75 IEEE __
12 28 75 IEC __
15 34 110 IEEE __
24 50 125 IEC __
25 40 125 IEEE __
34.5 70 150 IEEE __
34.5 70 200 IEEE __
CT Application: ___Metering ___Protection
Dimensions: ___ Inches ___ mm
Max. Outside: L ______ x W ______ x D ______
CT Window: Round: ______ Diameter; Rectangular: L ______ x W ______ ; Primary Bar: _____
Current Ratio: _______ : 5 _______ : 1

61
GE Multilin
Continued next slide Instrument Transformers, Inc.
Current Transformer (CT) RFQ Specification (Continued)
Accuracy:
Indication Only: _____ %, _____VA (Skip metering & protection selections)
Metering Class:
IEEE: ___0.3 ___0.6 ___1.2 ___2.4 ________Other
IEC: ___0.2 ___0.5 ___1.0 ________Other
Metering Burden:
IEEE (Ohms): ___B0.1 ___B0.2 ___B0.5 ___B0.9 ___B1.8 ______Other
IEC (VA): ___2.5 ___5.0 ___10 ___15 ___30 ______Other
Protection Class: C______(IEEE) ___VA, ___P___(IEC)
Operating Frequency: ___60HZ ___50HZ
Rating Factor: ___1.0 ___1.33 ___1.5 ___2.0 ______Other
Secondary Connections: ___Terminals ___24 inch leads
Outer Insulation: ___Standard ___Cotton tape & varnish ___Polyester tape

Insulation Class: ___105 0C (Standard) _____Other
Other Special Requirements (dimensional constraints, mounting requirements, etc):

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________ 62
GE Multilin
Voltage Transformer (VT) RFQ Specification
Environment: ___Indoor ___Outdoor
System Voltage (kV) Power Frequency (kV) BIL (kV) Standard (Check one)
0.6 4 10 IEEE __
0.72 3 IEC __
3.6 10 40 IEC __
5.0 19 60 IEEE __
7.2 20 60 IEC __
8.7 26 75 IEEE __
12 28 75 IEC __
15 34 110 IEEE __
24 50 125 IEC __
25 40 125 IEEE __
34.5 70 150 IEEE __
34.5 70 200 IEEE __
Operating Frequency: ___60HZ ___50HZ
Accuracy:
IEEE: ___W ___X ___M ___Y ___Z ___ZZ ________Other

(Enter 0.3, 0.6, 1.2, or leave blank)
IEC: ___10VA ___25VA ___50VA ___100VA ___200VA ___500VA ______Other

(Enter 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, or leave blank)
63
Continued next slide GE Multilin
Voltage Transformer (VT) RFQ Specification (Continued)
Thermal Rating: _______VA (Optional)
Primary Voltage: ___1 bushing _________VAC - Phase to neutral

___2 bushing _________VAC - Phase to phase
Secondary Voltage: ___120V ___115V ___110V ___100V

___120/3 ___115/3 ___110/3 ___100/3
___Other _________________
Rated Voltage Factor (RVF) (1 bushing only): ___1.9 for 30s
Fuses:
___Primary ___Secondary ___None (600 720 V)
___Primary ___Live parts only ___Switchgear Style
Note integral fusing not available above 15kV
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Take Home Rule # 1
Never open circuit a current

transformer secondary while
the primary is energized
CTs are intended to be proportional
current devices. Very high voltages can
result from open circuiting the secondary
circuit of an energized CT. Even very small
primary currents can cause damage
Consult the factory if you have questions.
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GE Multilin
Take Home Rule # 2
Never short circuit the

secondary of an energized VT
VTs are intended to be used as proportional voltage

devices. Damaging current will result from short
circuiting the secondary circuit of an energized VT.
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Take Home Rule # 3
Metering applications
do not require a C class CT
C class ratings are specified for protection

purposes only. With some exceptions metering
class CTs are typically smaller and less expensive.
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Take Home Rule # 4
CT secondary leads must be

added to the CT burden
Electronic relays usually represent very

little burden to the CT secondary circuit.
In many cases the major burden is
caused by the CT secondary leads.
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Take Home Rule # 5
Never use a 60 Hz rated VT

on a 50 Hz System
60 Hz VTs may saturate at lower frequencies and

exceed temperature limitations. VT failure is
likelysevere equipment damage is possible.
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Take Home Rule # 6
Exercise caution when

connecting grounded VTs
to ungrounded systems
Line to ground voltage on any VT may exceed the
primary voltage rating during a fault condition
VT must be designed for application.
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Take Home Rule # 7
It is common practice to apply

600 Volt CT to systems with
higher voltages.
This practice is done by passing fully insulated
conductors through the Window.
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QUESTIONS?
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LV Switchboards
LV Panelboards
Typical CT Models
5 Series
19RT 75
8SHT GE Multilin
LV Switchboards
LV Panelboards
Typical VT Models
460, 467, 475, 2VT460, 3VT460
76
GE Multilin
L.V. MCCs
Typical CT Models
5 Series
19RT
8SHT 77
GE Multilin
3P85 Instrument Transformers, Inc.
L.V. MCCs
Typical VT Models
460, 467, 475, 2VT460, 3VT460
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L.V. Switchgear
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L.V. Switchgear Current Transformers
GE 2000 amp frame
Model 560 Metering
Model 561 Protection
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L.V. Switchgear Current Transformers
GE 4000 amp frame
Model 562 Metering
Model 563 Protection
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L.V. Switchgear
No more room in the front?

We can recommend a different
model CT for the rear bus area.
82
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L.V. Switchgear
Typical 3 Phase VT
Installation
3VTL460
3 Phase VT
83
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M.V. Switchgear
Typical Line Up
Where are the CTs,

VTs, and CPTs?
84
GE Multilin
M.V. Switchgear
Current Transformers
778 / 779
680 /780 Series
Typical IEEE Metering & Protection 85
GE Multilin
M.V. Switchgear Current Transformers
Metering & Protection
Model 780, 778
Model 785 GE Multilin 86

M.V. Switchgear
Model 203 CTs

mounted in rear
bus compartment
87
GE Multilin
M.V. Switchgear
Zero Sequence CT
Model 593, 594
Is this better than a

Residual Connection?
88
GE Multilin
M.V. Switchgear Installed in enclosure
Typical VT Rollout Drawer
(2) PTG5s in open delta

configuration
Withdrawn from
enclosure 89
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M.V. Switchgear
Typical CPT Rollout Drawer
CPT
5 & 15 kV
5 to 15 kVA
Withdrawn from enclosure Installed in enclosure

90
GE Multilin
MV MCCs
Lets open a door

and see whats
inside
91
GE Multilin
MV MCCs
Typical CT Models
112
113
114
115
117
92
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Generators
Board Mounted Generator CT
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Station Class Circuit Breakers
Polyester Taped Bushing CT on

Outdoor Circuit Breaker
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Station Class Circuit Breakers
Ground Shield
Outdoor BO7 -
Replaces BCTs in shielded
aluminum housing
95
GE Multilin
Power Transformers
Slip over current transformer for installation over
exterior of outdoor bushing
Outdoor Type BO7

for Retrofit
96
GE Multilin
Power Transformers
Metering applications for indoor instrument transformers
on outdoor power transformers
Air terminal chamber Indoor PT and Bar type CT

97
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Questions?
99
GE Multilin

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Are you using the right CT's and PT's

for your application?

Levine Lectronics and Lectric

Now I know what I do not know about

As engineers we do not need to know all the

Reduce voltage and currents

Phasor combinations for

TYPES OF C.T. CONSTRUCTION

The most common type of C.T. construction is the DOUGHNUT

Secondary Winding Primary Conductor

Transformer Ratio = Primary Current

Primary Current Secondary Current

100 = 100:5 or 20:1

Primary current into non-polarity =

If your application is metering , how high do I

If your application is protective relaying, how

Typical rating factors for Metering CTs are:

10% 100% 200% 300% 400%

1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0

(New RF at new Ambient/Stated RF at 30 degrees C)2=

Example: CT with rating factor of 4 at 30 degrees = rating factor of 2.95 at

Application Burden Impedance VA @ Power

Metering B0.1 0.1 2.5 0.9

O.3% METERING O.9 OHMS BURDEN

This metering C.T. has an accuracy of 0.3% when the

* Accuracy class is stated at 100% rated current

10% 100% 200% 300% 400%

1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0

Out of 0.3% Class

Corrected to 0.3% Class

0.30 0.15% Accuracy

1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0

0.30 0.15% Accuracy

5% 100% 200% 300% 400%

1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0

Standard Relay Accuracy Classes

Relay class (C or T___ ) designates minimum

Now that everyone is totally confused

Protection Class CTs - Must supply 20 times rated current

Accuracy Voltage at 20 times CT

Terminal Volts = 100

Terminal Volts = 200

Terminal volts = (20 times rated) (Total external burden)

Application Burden Impedance VA @ Power

10% ratio error = (20 x 5) (10%)

How many terminal volts

With 10% error, IB is anywhere from 4.5 to 5.5 amps

Most Protection CTs also have a Metering CT accuracy so

RL = Resistance of leads in ohms (Total loop distance)

Assumption: 3 phase CTs are Y connected

VA = VI. V= IR, So 0.2 = I*I*R.

0.15 Defined by IEEE C57.13.6

These standard designations have no significance

Line to ground rated:

Rated Frequency: Do not operate below rated

Open Delta Connection Y Y Connection

Ferroresonance of Grounded Potential

AIEE Power Apparatus & Systems,

Y Broken Corner VT connection

Voltage relay to 0 volts @ normal condition

damping resistor RFR GE Multilin

Y-Y/Broken Corner Connection

CT Application: ___Metering ___Protection

Dimensions: ___ Inches ___ mm

VA = VI. V= IR, So 0.2 = IIR.

CT Application: _Metering _Protection

Dimensions: _ Inches _ mm

Max. Outside: L x W x D __

Current Ratio: _ : 5 _ : 1

Protection Class: C____(IEEE) _VA, _P_(IEC)

Operating Frequency: _60HZ _50HZ

Rating Factor: _1.0 _1.33 _1.5 _2.0 ______Other

Secondary Connections: _Terminals _24 inch leads

Outer Insulation: _Standard _Cotton tape & varnish ___Polyester tape

Operating Frequency: _60HZ _50HZ

IEEE: _W _X _M _Y _Z _ZZ ________Other

IEC: _10VA _25VA _50VA _100VA _200VA _500VA ______Other

Primary Voltage: _1 bushing _______VAC - Phase to neutral

Secondary Voltage: _120V _115V _110V _100V

_Primary _Secondary ___None (600 720 V)

_Primary _Live parts only ___Switchgear Style