Flores, Dharyl C. CHE 426N Introduction to Biotechnology
Lobarbio
BS CHE-4 TTH 5:00 6:00 PM
Eukaryotic Cell
Parts Definition
It is the site at which the cell's
Nucleus DNA is housed and the process
of interpreting it begins.
also called plasma membrane or
cell membrane
Cytoplasmic It is a biological membrane that
membrane separates the interior of a cell
from its outside environment.
Cytoplasm is the fluid where the
cellular organelles are
suspended. It fills up the spaces
that are not occupied by the
organelles. The constituents of
cytoplasm are cytosol which
Cytoplasm makes up about 70% of the
volume of the cell, organelles
which means "little organs" that
are membrane bound and
cytoplasmic inclusions which are
tiny particles suspended in the
cytosol.
The ER is a membrane bounded
Endoplasmic reticulum
organelle. The smooth and rough
Dr. Camila Flor Y.
December 6, 2017
Function
It stores the cell's hereditary
material, or DNA, and it
coordinates the cell's activities,
which include growth,
intermediary metabolism, protein
synthesis, and reproduction (cell
division)
It protects intracellular
components from the
extracellular environment.
It mediates cellular processes by
regulating the materials that enter
and exit the cell.
Since it is selectively permeable,
it is able to regulate what enters
and exits the cell, thus facilitating
the transport of materials needed
for survival
Cytoplasm is the site of many
biochemical reactions that are
vital and crucial for maintaining
life.
The cytoplasm is the place where
the cell expands and growth of
the cell takes place.
The cytoskeleton of the
cytoplasm provides shape to the
cell and it also facilitates
movement.
The cytoplasm is a means of
transport for genetic material.
The cytoplasmic organelles are
specialized structures that haves
its own functions like cellular
respiration, and protein
synthesis.
It forms the framework of
cytoplasm and gives mechanical
aid to it.
 regions of the ER are It divides cytoplasm into
interconnected. compartments and allows
It is an organelle of the different chemical reactions to
endomembrane system. take place at a time.
It helps in protein synthesis
(Rough E.R.) and fat synthesis
(Smooth E.R.).
A vesicles are made of
phospholipids, they can break off
of and fuse with other
Function of its organelles
membranous material. This
consists of storing
allows them to serve as small
neurotransmitters.
transport containers, moving
The hormones that are secreted
substances around the cell and to
from the endocrine glands are
the cell membrane.
also stored in secretory vesicles,
Excretory vesicles They are those that contain
from where they are released
material that is to be excreted
into the bloodstream.
from the cell. Thus, these vesicles
They also hold enzymes needed
may contain material that is
to make extracellular structures,
harmful for the cell, and hence,
such as the extracellular matrix
there is need to get rid of it. So, it
of animal cells.
may contain waste products or
end products of reactions in the
cell.
It is comprised of a series of
The Golgi apparatus is the
flattened sacs that extend from
packaging and shipping center of
the endoplasmic reticulum
the cell, where the proteins that
outward, into the cytoplasm. This
were built by the ER assembly
Golgi apparatus gives the Golgi apparatus the
line are delivered to different
ability to deliver vesicles, or
parts of the cell, or in multicellular
packets of various cell products,
organisms, to different parts of
to different locations throughout
the body.
the cell.
Lipid droplets (LDs) are
LDs in nonadipocytes also store
independent organelles that are
lipids, but the function of PAT
Lipid droplet composed of a lipid ester core
proteins is less understood than
and a surface phospholipid
in adipocytes.
monolayer.
Mitochondria are rod shaped
The most important function of
structure found in both animal
the mitochondria is to produce
and plant cells. It is a double
energy.
membrane bound organelle. It
Mitochondria The mitochondria also help in
has the outer membrane and the
building certain parts of blood and
inner membrane. The
hormones like testosterone and
membranes are made up of
estrogen.
phospholipids and proteins.
 They are organelles that act like a
digestive system which takes in
nutrients, breaks them down, and
creates energy rich molecules for
the cell.
Microtubules are filamentous
They also serve a transportation
intracellular structures that are
function, as they are the routes
responsible for various kinds of
upon which organelles move
movements in all eukaryotic cells.
through the cell. They are most
Microtubules They are involved in nucleic and
often found in all eukaryotic cells
cell division, organization of
and, together with the
intracellular structure, and
microfilaments and intermediate
intracellular transport, as well as
filaments, form the cytoskeleton.
ciliary and flagellar motility.
Like mitochondria, chloroplasts
Photosynthesis occurs in
have their own DNA, are
eukaryotic cell structures called
responsible for energy
chloroplasts. It contains a green
Chloroplast production, and reproduce
pigment called chlorophyll, which
independently from the rest of the
absorbs light energy for
cell through a division process
photosynthesis.
similar to bacterial binary fission.
They assemble amino acids to
form specific proteins, proteins
Ribosomes are the cellular
are essential to carry out cellular
component that make proteins
activities.
from all amino acids. Ribosomes
The proteins that are synthesized
are made from complexes of
by the ribosomes present in the
Ribosomes RNAs and proteins.
cytoplasm are used in the
The ribosomes link amino acids
cytoplasm itself. The proteins
together in the order that is
produced by the bound
specified by the messenger RNA
ribosomes are transported
molecules.
outside the cell.

In mature plant cells, vacuoles

tend to be very large and are
Vacuoles are membrane-bound
extremely important in providing
sacs within the cytoplasm of a cell
Vacuoles structural support, as well as
that function in several different
serving functions such as
ways.
storage, waste disposal,
protection, and growth.
It provides definite shape and
The cell wall is a rigid covering
rigidity to cell.
that protects the cell, provides
Cell Wall It protects the cell from
structural support, and gives
mechanical injury and attacks of
shape to the cell.
pathogens.
 It prevents the osmotic bursting of
the cell.

References:
http://biology.tutorvista.com/animal-and-plant-cells/cytoplasm.html
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-biology/chapter/eukaryotic-cells/
http://biology.tutorvista.com/animal-and-plant-cells/ribosomes.html
https://biologydictionary.net/golgi-apparatus/
https://oli.cmu.edu/jcourse/workbook/activity/page?context=90d4007980020ca601aac73f988c5ee7
https://www.ck12.org/biology/Vesicles-and-Vacuoles/lesson/Vesicles-and-Vacuoles-Advanced-BIO-ADV/
http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~bioslabs/studies/invertebrates/microtubules.html