STARTING OF LARGE MOTORS

WLSA -INDIA

WLSA-INDIA/GKT/2006
 STARTING OF LARGE MOTORS

> One of the challenge experienced by PP personnel is the

question , whether a large capacity HT/LT motor can be
started on the DG supply

> Situation generally under consideration include the impact

of starting the motor i.e. application of Kick load
On a single source DG/TG
one or more DG/TG in parallel with grid
More than one DG/TG in island parallel mode

> Factors that need to be considered while starting large

motors are
Active kick load (KW) that the source is subjected to &
hence the drop in speed/frequency
Reactive kick load( KVAr) that the source experiences &
hence the voltage dip
WLSA/INDIA/GKT/102006
 STARTING OF LARGE MOTORS

Data required
Motor details & Type of starting
1. Type of motor Sq Cage/Slip ring
2. Capacity in KW or HP( to be converted to KW) Kw
3. Voltage rating VL Kv/Volt
4. Rated full load current IFL
5. Starting current ( Absol value or as a multiple
of full load current) IST
6. Starting power factor Cos s
7. Start duration ( Time required for the motor to
reach rated speed from rest) Ts
8. Type of starting DOL/ Star-Delta/
Auto transformer/
Liquid rotor rest/
Soft start, if any

WLSA/INDIA/GKT/102006
 STARTING OF LARGE MOTORS

Data required

Source details- Primover

1. Capacity Kw/Mw
2. Base Load Kw/Mw
3. Details of Kick Load capability
DG: App.40% of remaining capacity
STG: 10% of rated capacity

Source details- Grid

Capacity : ideally Infinity, but restricted by the intermediate power
Transformer, in that case the details of the power transformer
1. Capacity KVA or MVA
2. Percentage Impedence Z%

WLSA/INDIA/GKT/102006
 STARTING OF LARGE MOTORS

Data required
Source details- Alternator DG or STG
1. Capacity (S) Kw/Mw
2. Voltage rating (V) Kv/Volts
3. Transient reactance Xd pu or %age
4. Sub transient reactance Xd pu or %age
5. Base load before starting motor Kw/Mw
6. Power factor of base load Cosb
7. Number of sets N
Note:
If the N number of sets are all equal capacity sets with equal droop
Settings then the load sharing will be equal

If the sets are equal capacity with unequal droops, the load will be
Shared in inverse proportion

If the sets are of different capacity, with equal droops, then the
Load will be shared in direct proportion to capacity
WLSA/INDIA/GKT/102006
 STARTING OF LARGE MOTORS

Kick Load sharing

 If a kick load is applied on a system with one DGs/TGS in
parallel with grid supplied through a power transformer with
percentage impedance Z%, then the total kick load In KVA will
be shared in inverse proportion as the percentage impedance
of the transformer and sub-transient reactance Xd of the
alternator

 If a kick load is applied on a system with more than on

DGs/TGS in parallel with grid supplied through a power
transformer with percentage impedance Z%, then the total kick
load In KVA will be shared in inverse proportion as the
percentage impedance of the transformer and sub-transient
reactances Xd of the alternator, as in the case of current
division in a parallel circuits

WLSA/INDIA/GKT/102006
 STARTING OF LARGE MOTORS
Estimation of Active Kick load
From the given data of motor, the active kick load (KWs)caused
during motor start can be calculated using the relation

KWs = 3 * VL * IST *Cos s

Comments
 If the motor is started on grid, then the kick load has no impact
on the supply frequency. But may cause voltage dip if the grid
is weak or the grid transformer is of inadequate capacity

 If the motor is started on single alternator then the active kick

load due to motor starting should be less than 40% of the
remaining capacity of the engine or 10% of the rated capacity of
turbine. This is primarily to ensure that the transient speed drop
is not to exceed about 5-10% of rated speed

WLSA/INDIA/GKT/102006
 STARTING OF LARGE MOTORS

Comments

 If the motor is started on alternators in parallel with grid,

then, the part of kick load shared by each alternator should be
within the primover capability as explained earlier

 If the motor is started on a number of alternators in island

parallel mode, then, the part of kick load shared by each
alternator should be within the respective primover capability
as explained earlier

WLSA/INDIA/GKT/102006
 STARTING OF LARGE MOTORS

Calculation of voltage drop with example

Data avilable/ needed
Generator (s)
Rated capacity of alternator Sn-KVA - 8150 KVA
Nominal Voltage Un-KV - 11 KV
Subtransient reactacne Xd - 26.3% From test certificate
Transient reactacne X`d - 38.9% From test certificate
Xd weight factor Xd* - 0.2
X`d weight factor X`d* - 0.8
Equal reactance X eq - 0.2* Xd* + 0.8* X`d= 36.38
Number of generators N - 2
Total output Tot = N * Sn= 16300 KVA
Base load details
Generator load prior to starting So = 4222 KVA
Generator PF prior to starting pf = 0.9
Generator reactive load Qo = So Sin (Cos inv 0.9)
WLSA/INDIA/GKT/102006 = 1840Kvar
 STARTING OF LARGE MOTORS

Calculation of voltage drop with example

Data avilable/ needed
AC Motor Data
Rated shaft output Pm-Kw - 400 Kw
Motor Efficiency - 95%= 0.95
Nominal power factor pfm - 0.8
Motor nominal input Snm- KVA - Pm/(*pfm) = 526.32 KVA
Nominal input current In - Snm/(3*Un)= 28 Amps
Motor start current factor I* - 6 In
Motor starting KVA inrush Sk - Snm *6 = 3158 KVA
Motor start power factor Spf - 0. 2
Motor starting Kvar inrush dQ = Sk Sin (Cos inv 0.2)
= 3158 Sin 78.5 Deg
= 3158 *0. 9799
= 3094 Kvar

WLSA/INDIA/GKT/102006
 STARTING OF LARGE MOTORS

Calculation of voltage drop with example

Calculation of instantaneous voltage drop

Inst.Voltage drop is given by

dU = Xeq/100 *dQ/ (Xeq/100*(Qo+dQ) +Tot) * 100

= 36.38/100 * 3094/( 36.38/100 *( 1840+3094)+16300) *100
= 6.22%

Voltage drop in Kv = 6.22% * 11000= 0.68 KV

Minimum Voltage level = 11000- 680 = 10.32 KV

Recovery time to normal voltage will be almost equal to the motor

Start duration

WLSA/INDIA/GKT/102006
 STARTING OF LARGE MOTORS

Calculation of voltage drop with example

Comments

 If the instantaneous voltage drop is within 10% then it is safe

to start the motor

 If the instantaneous voltage drop is between 10 to 15%,

there is a possibility of some of the existing loads may stop
due to de energizing of their contactors

 If the instantaneous voltage drop is above 15% then it is risky

to start the motor since, in addition to the stoppage of existing
loads, the excitation current may increase to abnormal value,
and the AVR may get damaged

WLSA/INDIA/GKT/102006
 STARTING OF LARGE MOTORS

Possible Solutions..

 Provision of Soft starter to reduce the starting inrush current

 Connection of PF improving capacitor, which can reduce the

starting Lagging Kvar load

 Starting the motor while the sets are in parallel with grid &
then go the island mode once the motor attains nominal load

WLSA/INDIA/GKT/102006
 STARTING OF LARGE MOTORS

Questions ??

WLSA/INDIA/GKT/102006
 STARTING OF LARGE MOTORS

THANK YOU

WLSA/INDIA/GKT/102006