CONFIDENTIAL

,'{ tIif

Lffi
UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA

FINAL EXAMINATION
SEMESTER II
sEsr 20lll20r2

COURSE NAME F OUNDATI ON EN GT.NE ERING

)f . tfi'3
COURSE CODE BFC4043 / BFC+fiio3

PROGRAMME 4 BFF

EXAMINATION DATE JUNE 2OI2

DURATION 3 HOURS

INSTRUCTION ANSWER Ql AND OTHER

THREE (3) QUESTIONS

THIS QUESTIONS PAPER CONSISTS OF FIFTEEN (15) PAGES

CONFIDENTIAL
 BFC4043 / BFC 41303

Q1 (a) Describe the objectives of the dewatering and list FIVE (5) reasons this technique
is used in civil engineering purposes.

(7 marks)

(b) The borrow material is to be excavated and transported to a construction site for
use in a compacted fill. If the specification calls for the soil to be compacled to a
minimum dry unit weight of at the same moisture content of 18.4 kN/m'. Calculate
how many cubic meters of soil from the excavation site are needed to produce
20,000 mJ of compacted fill

The following are given borrow material properties:

Moist unit w;ight,^1: tl.tntl/m3
Moisture content, w: 14 Yo
Specific gpvity, Gr:2.7

(8 marks)

(c) One of housing area consists 20 blocks of 14 storey aparfrnent, mosque, recreation
park and 2 siorey shops will constuct at soft clay area 30 m depth' As a
ieotechnical engineer, propor" a suitable method
which commonly practiced in
ilrtalaysia for soil impiovement for that particular area Your proposal should
inctude reasons that associate with cost, time and the efficiency

(10 marks)
 BFC4043 / BFC 41303

Q2 (a) Syarikat Berjaya proposed to develop 300 m2 housing project (single storey and
double storey terrace house). Desk study shows that the area is soft clay area with
high water table. Propose with explanation the required:

(i) number of borehole

(3 marks)

(iD type of in-situ testing

(3 marks)

(iii) type of sarnpling

(2 marks)

(iv) type of laboratory testing

(2 marks)

o) Table I shows result of a seismic refraction field work of a proposed site for a
building project.

of a seismic refraction field

able 1: Result of
Distance from the point of Time of first arrival of
impact seismic wave
(metres) (milliseconds)
2.5 l0
) 24
7.5 34
t0 42.
15 51
20 57
25 65
30 69
3s 7l
40 75
50 77

19 Calculate the seismic velocity and thickness of the material encorurtered

from the survey
(g marks)

(iD Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of seismic refraction technique

in the site investigation works.
(6 marks)
 BFC4043 / BFC 41303

Q3 (a) Exptain the differences between 'safe bearing capacrty' and 'ultimate bearing
capactty'.
(4 marks)

(b) Describe briefly Two (2) methods or procedures for determining the design
bearing ,upu"ity for thutto* foundations. Include the advantages and
disadvantages perceived for each methods-

(6 marks)

(c) A 1.5 m x will be constructed as shown in Figure Q3(c). A

1.5 m square footing
centic column load on the footing :250 kJrl. A unit weight of soil, 1-rd1.:
l8'8
:23-5 kll/m'' Cohesive soil
kl.fF*h"re as the unit weight of-concreter :143'61il{/m''
Yconcrete
with unconfined compressive sfiength, UCS

Examine;

(i) Soil contact Pressure

(7 marks)

(ii) Factor of safety against bearing capacrty failure

(8 marks)

effrciency should be
Q4 (a) In order to have a good design for a group pile, the pile group
considered. Explain the concept of pile goup efficiency'
(5 marks)

o) A 12 mlong concrete pile having a cross section of 350 mm X 350 mm is :fully

embedded in a normily consolidated saturated clay layer for
which Ysat 18
kl.{/J,0: 0, and co: ZS ntm2. Calculate the ultimate skin friction resistance by
using Figure Q4(b), considering:

(i) a method
(5 marks)

(ii) p method
(5 marks)

(iii) ?'. method

(5 marks)

Based on the ultimate skin friction from these three different

methods,
(iv) from these
discuss your preference and explain the design implication
different aPProaches
(5 marks)
 BFC4043 / BFC 41303

Qs (a) Due to clogging of drainage system, the water table has built up to a dep/f1of 4m
below tfte gro""a surface bhind the retaining wall shown in Figure Q5.rThe soil
above the water table is partially saturated u"a n* a unit weight of 17 kl'{/ m3.
Below the water table, the soil is saturated and has a unit *.ight of 19 kN/ m3.
Calculate the total and effective vertical and horizontal sfesses at point A under
active conditions.

(10 marks)
(b)
(b) The Gravity Retaining Wall shown in Figure Q5 is io be constructed of concrete
havine a unit weieht itZ+ ld{/m3. The foundation soil's ultimate bearing capacrty
i. SOO"kN4"2 whil-e value of kr and kz are 213. By using Rankine's theory, examine
factor of safety against:

(D sliding
(5 marks)

(ii) overturning
(5 marks)

(iii) bearing caPacrtY failure

(5 marks)
 BFC4043 / BFC 41303

S1 (a) Bincangkan tujuan penyatrairan dan senaraikan LIMA (5) sebab kegunaan teknik
ini digunakan didalam kerja-kerja kejuruteraan awam.
(7 markah)

o) Tanah pinjam dikorek dan dibawa ke tapak pembiryan bagi digunakan sebagai
tanah tam6ak terpadat. Tanah tambakan akan dipadatkan kepada berat
unit kering
minimum sebanyak 18.4 k]\l/m3 dan mempunyai kadar lembapan yang sama'
pinjart
Kirakan berapa banyak isipadu tanah yang perlu dikorek daripada tapak
bagi menghasilkan 20,000 m3 tanah terpadat

Diberi butiran bagi tanah pinja+ korek:

Berat unit basah,T : 17 -8lll/m'
Kandungan lembaPan, w: 14%6
Graviti tertentu, Gr: 2-7
(8 markah)

apartment 14
(c) Satu projek perumahan yang terdiri daripada 20 blok.bangunan
diatas
tt"gk r, tit*:ul, kawasan ietrreasi dan bangrrnan kedai 2 t.rctgkort akan dibinaseorang
tanah liat lembut yang mempunyai kedalaman 30 m dalam'
Sebagai
di
i"*r"- geoteknik;Gd^gk* Q.n n yang sesuai yang selalu-diamalkan
anda
'lufJuyriu terjaiaifcputi[ tu"tft bagi tapak-pembinaan tersebut. Cadangan
Uagi
perlulah merangkumi kos, masa and keberkesanannya
(10 markah)

6
 BFC4043 /BFC41303

s2 (a) Syarikat Berjaya bercadang untuk membangunkan sebuah kawasan seluas 300m2
bagi projek perurnanan (rumah teres setingkat dan dua tingka|. Desk study
menunjukkan bahawa kawasan tersebut menrpakan kawasan tanah liat lembut dan
water table yang tingg*. Cadangkan beserta dengan penjelasan,
keperluan:

(D bilangan lubang jara

(3 markah)

(ii) jenis ujikaji tapak

(3 markah)

(iii) jenis pensampelan

(2 markah)

(iv) jenis ujikaji makmal

(2 markah)

(b) Jadual I menunjukan keputusan dari satu kerja lapangan pembiasan seismik di
atas satu tapak cadangan sebuah projek bangrman.

Jadual 1: seismik
Jarak dari sumber seismik Masa ketibaan pertama
(metres) gelombang seismik
(milliseconds)
2.5 t0
5 24
7.5 34
t0 42.
l5 5l
20 57
25 65
30 69
35 7l
40 75
50 77

(i) Kirakan halaju seismik dan ketebalan lapisan bahan-batran yang ditemui
dari kerja tersebut.
(9 markah)

(ii) Nyatakan pendapat anda mengenai kebaikan dan keburukan teknik

pembiasaan seismik dalam kerja-kerja penyiasatan tapak.
(6 markatt)
 BFClt043 / BFC 41303
galas
s3 (a) Terangkan perbezaan di antara 'keupayaan galas selamat' dan 'keupayaan
muktamad'. (4 markah)

(b)
prosedur bagi menentukan kapasiti
Huraikan dengan ringkas DUA (2) kaedah atau
juga kelebihan dan kelemahan bagi
keupayaan gatas bagi asas cetek. NyataLan
setiap kaedah tersebut.
(6 markalD

Satu asas 1.5 m x 1.5 m segiempat sama

akan dibina seperti ditunjukkan ld*
(c) unit
Rajah e3(c).e"U*;d t"fr""yit ZSO f<N dikenakan ditengah-tenea!' Berat
:
: 1g.g kl.r/m3. Berat unit konkrit, Trcnnit
23.5 Htl/m'' Kekuatan
tanah, Ttanah
;;t;il tak t"tt rr*s; UCS
: r43'6kN/#'

Tentukan:

(i) Tekanan Permukaan tanah (7 markalD

keupayaan galas
(ir) Faktor keselamatan terhadap kegagalan
(8 markah)

dire.kabentuk dengan baik'

(a) Bagi memastikan rekabentuk cerucuk berkumputan
S4 perlu dipertimbangkan. Terangkan konsep
keefisianan cerucuk berkumpulan itu
keefisianan cerucuk berkumpulan ini'
(5 marka$

(b) Sebatangcerucukkonkritsepanjang12mdanmempunyaikeratarrrentas350mm
t^"h liat
:
terkukuh biasa dengan Ysat 18
r"p"oi-yu
x 350 -- t"rtuouri --- p^r"
cerucuk
kll/m3, 0 : 0, dan c" lslltl/nn2. Kirakan keupayaan galas geseran
;;;; tn"rrgguttuk* nqi"tt Q4O)' mempertimbangkan:
(1) kaedah o (5 markaQ

(iD kaedah B (5 markatf

(iii) kaedah )' (5 markah)

(1v) Berdasarkan keupayaan galas geseT"

y*9 diperolehi melalui kaedah-
kaedah di atas, bincangkan t"mt"o*
y*g bu91 anda pertimbangkan dan
kaedatr-kaedah ini'
implikasi r"tul"ot * yang dapatdilihat'melalui
(5 markatD
 BFC4043 / BFC 41303

Sistem penyaliran yang tersumbat menyebabkan paras air bumi telah naik hingga
4
Qs (a)
yang
m di bawah permukaan atas tanah di belakang tembok penatran seperti
ditunjukkan aAu- Rajah Q5. Tanah dibahagian adalah separa tepu dan
mern-punyai berat unit seUanyat< 17 ld{/m3. Manakala tanah dibawah aras
air bumi
adalah t-tuft tepu yang mempunyai berat unit sebanyak 19 kt'{/m3'
Kirakan
tekanan aktif jumlalt, tekanan aktif berkesan secara pugak dan sisi pada titik A'

(10 marka$

Tembok penahan graviti yang ditunjukkan dalarn Rajah (b) dibina

d91ean
o) -ktld'
y*g -"-p.ntyA berat unit: Z+ nfi-'.
Keupayaan galas tanah di bawah dasar
i"m6ot uaaun 800 kl.f/m2 manakala nilai kr dan kz adalah 2l3- Dengan
keselamatan terhadap
-.nggu"uk* Kaedatr Rankine, periksa faktor

(D gelinciran
(5 markatt)

(ii) keterbalikan
(5 markah)

(iii) keuPaYaan galas

(5 markah)

9
 BFC4043 / BFC 41303

X'INAL EXAMINATION

SEMESTEWSESS ION: SEMIl20ll20l2 PROGRAMME : 4 BFC

COURSE NAME : FOUNDATION ENGINEERING CODE : BFC4M3
COURSE

P:250 kl.J

0.9m Tsoil: 1S.81d.Vm3

T concrete:23.51J{/m3
UCS:143.6 kll/m'.

0.3m

' l.5m x l.5m

FIGURES O3(c)

10
 BFO+043 / BFC 41303

FINAL EXAMINATION
PROGRAMME :4BFC
SEMESTER/SESSION : SEM I | 20112012 : BFC4043
:FOUNDATION ENGINEERING COURSE CODE
COURSENAME

Table Ql (a): Variation of i (Interpolated values based on Tenaghi, Peck and Mesri' 1996)

cu

P,
s 0.1 1.00
0.2 0.9?
0.3 0.82
0-4 0.74
0.6 0.6?
0.8 0.54
t.0 s.48
1.7 0-4?
1.4 O.?10

1.6 0-38
1.8 0"36
2.0 0.35
2.4 0.34
2.8 0.34

Note: Po = atmospheric Pressure

- l00kN/m2

TableQlo):VariationofEwithpileembedmentlength'L

Embedmcnt
lcngth, L lml
0 0.5
5 0.336
r0 0.245
t5 0.200
20 0.r73
75 0.150
30 0.136
35 0.132
40 0.1?7
50 0.118
60 0.113
70 0.1t0
s0 0.r10
g].' 0.110

FIGURE O4ft)

t1
 BFC4043 / BFC 41303

FINAL EXAMINATION

SEMESTER/SESSION :sEMIl20ll20l2
PROGRAMME :4BFC
COURSE CODE : BFC4043
COURSE NAME : FOUNDATION ENGINEERING

t.IISHcF

6r lf Srl#
t'Sf

;\
lr.t )
FIGURE OS: Retaining Wall

t2
 BFC4043 / BFC 41303

FINAL EXAMINATION

SEMESTER/SESSION : SEM I | 20ll20l2 PROGRAMME :4BFC

COURSENAME :FOUNDATION ENGINEERING COURSECODE :BFC4M3

Tezaqhi's Beari .apac|r Factors

o Nc Nq N/ a Nc Nq N/
0 s.70 1.00 0.00 26 27.W t4.21 9.84
1 6.00 1.10 0.01 27 29.24 15.90 1r.60
2 6.30 r.22 0.04 28 31.61 17.8L 13.70
3 6.62 1.35 0.05 29 34.24 19.98 16.18
4 6.97 1.49 0.10 30 37.t6 22.46 19.13
r.64 0.14 31 ,10.41 25.28 22.65
5 7.34
6 7.73 1.81 0.20 32 44.M 28.52 26.87
2.00 0.27 33 2l8.09 32.23 31.94
7 8.15
8 8.60 2.2r 0.3s 34 52.64 36.s0 38.04
9 9.09 2.44 0.44 35 57.75 4L.4 45.4t
10 9.61 2.69 0.56 36 63.53 47.t6 54.36
11 10.r6 2,qJ 0.69 37 70.0r 53.80 65.27
L2 L0.76 3.29 0.85 38 77.50 61.55 78.6r
13 11.41 3.63 r.04 39 85.97 70.6L 95.03
t4 12.IL 4.07 t.26 40 9s.56 8L.27 115.31
15 12.6 4.45 1.52 4T 106.81 93.85 l.rc.51
16 13.68 4.92 1.82 42 Itg.67 l(F.75 L7t.9
t7 14.60 5.45 2.18 43 134.58 126.50 211.56
18 15.12 6.04 2.59 4 151.95 t47.74 26r.60
19 16.56 6.70 3.07 45 t72.28 L73.28 325.?4
20 L7.69 7.44 3.64 45 196.22 204.19 407.LL
2I 18.92 8.26 4.31 47 224.55 24L.W 512.&4
20.27 9.19 5.(B ,tB 258.28 287.85 650.67
22
23 2r.75 10.23 6.00 49 zgft.7L 344.63 831.99
24 23.36 11.40 7.8 50 ?47.fi 4r5.14 1072.80
25 7q 1? t2.72 R?I

Beari )aciW Factors for General L973

a Nc Nq N/ N/ N. Tan Q a Nc Nq N/ No/ N. Tan Q
0 5.14 1.00 0.00 o.zo 0.00 26 22.25 11.8s L2.54 0.53 0.49
1 5.38 1.(B 0.07 0.20 0.02 27 23.94 13.20 14.47 0.55 0.51
2 5.53 1.20 0.15 0.21 0.03 28 25.80 L4.72 16.72 0.57 0.s3
3 5.90 1.31 0.24 0.22 0.0s 29 27.86 16.44 19.34 0.59 0.s5
4 6.19 I.43 0.34 0.23 0.07 30 30.14 f8.,10 22.4 0.61 0.s8
5 6.49 t.57 0.45 0.24 0.09 31 32.67 20.67 25.9 0.63 0.60
6 6.81 1.72 0.57 0.25 0.11 32 35.49 23.18 30.22 0.65 0.62
7 7.16 1.88 0.7t 0.26 0.12 33 38.64 26.W 35.19 0.68 0.55
8 7.53 2.06 0.85 0.27 0.14 34 42.16 29.44 41.06 0.70 0.67
9 7.92 2.25 1.03 0.28 0.16 35 46.12 33.30 48.03 0.72 0.70
10 8.35 2.47 r.22 0.30 0.18 35 50.59 37.75 56.31 0.75 0.73
11 8.80 2.7L t.4 0.31 0.19 37 55.63 42.92 65.19 0.77 0.75
L2 9.28 2.97 1.69 0.32 0.21 38 61.35 48.93 78.03 0.80 0.78
13 9.81 3.26 L.97 0.33 0.23 39 67.87 55.96 92.25 0.82 0.81
L4 10.37 3.59 2.29 0.3s 0.25 .10 75.31 &.20 109.41 0.85 0.84
15 10.98 3.94 2.65 0.36 0.27 4L 83.86 73.90 t30.22 0.88 0.87
16 11.63 4.4 3.06 0.37 0.29 42 93.7r 8s.38 155.ss 0.91 0.90
L7 L2.34 4.77 3.53 0.3!) 0.31 43 105.11 99.02 186.54 0.94 0.93
18 13.10 5.26 4.07 0.40 0.32 44 rr8.37 115.31 224.64 0.97 0.97
19 13.93 5.80 4.68 0.42 0.34 45 133.88 134.88 271.76 1.01 1.00
20 14.83 6.40 s.39 0.43 0.36 46 152.10 158.51 330.3s 1.04 1.04
2L 15.82 7.O7 6.20 0.45 0.38 47 r73.64 t87.2L 403.67 1.08 r.o7
22 16.88 7.82 7.L3 0.,16 0..10 ,a L99.25 222.3r 496.01 t.t2 1.11
23 18.05 8.66 8.20 0.rA 0.42 49 229.93 265.s1 613.16 1.15 1.15
24 19.32 9.60 9.44 0.50 0.45 50 266,.9 319.07 762.89 r.20 1.19
25 20.72 10.66 10.88 0.51 0.47

l3
 BFC4043 / BFC 41303

FINAL EXAMINATION

SEMESTER/SESSION :sEMI/20112012 PROGRAMME : 4 BFC

COURSENAME : FOUNDATION ENGINEERING COURSECODE :BFC4043

E lr-P
(z') (t -2pYt* p)
z, = i
Ir]
ltvz
z 2= ll,'' Ju? - ,|

Qu
: + qN n+0 -5 ytsN r.. -....(strip foundation)
cN -

"
Qu =|.3cN" + qN n +0-4yBN r-.--..-.(squore.foundation)
Q" = | .3cN + qN o + 0.3 7r8N r.........(circul ar.foundation)
"
Q, = cN"F",F".F", + qN oF*F*Fo, *f,rt*r'rFroFn

(I) shape
F,, =l*!\
LN,
F"" -
-qs L '
=l*1r*rO
F,P =7-o'4+
L

Where : L - length of the foundation and (L>B)

(II) dePth
if DflB s 1
oi
F"a =t+0.+2L Fca =l+2tart(| -"^il' F,o =l
ifD/B>1
F"a =r+(0.+)tan"[?) Fsa =t+zt^no1-.i'l)'* '(?) F,o =r

NOTE : tan-l(DrlB) is in radian

(ilI) inclination

F",=Fqi=(t-
#)' tn =[, -+)' s"=A,A,@

l4
 BFC4043 / BFC 41303

FINAL EXAMINATION

SEMESTER/SESSION : SEM I / 20rr20r2 PROGRAMME : 4 BFC

COURSE NAME : FOUNDATION ENGINEERING COURSECODE : BFC4M3

il method:
,-' \
ic.,=, {4 + ?c;)
Qr = Pl,f"r
+ir+:...
=_Ar+'il
-Q
L
{l method:
,f = cco

F method:
f= Fo;
S = fftano:.-
ff = I - sia@i (For normally consolidated clay)
f = {1- slnio;i.Em: (For overconsolidated clay)

(F v)t r(t,4', )+ Bkrc', +Po

e = Br2- It=-It"
FS(sriaing) =
fv
Qmin,max=+(t.+) G=Kcr
Kosa- {kGmO'
Kos a + ./ kos2 cr - kos2 $'

1"s
 Sand
T: 17 kN/m3

Sand
Ysat
:20 kN/m3

l. ,1. >l
I l.5m ro.gmlo-6ml
Silty clay
Tsa
:25 li.l/m3
c:40 kl.l/m'?
i:2oo

Figure Q5(b) Grnvify Retaining Wall