Environmental Studies report on

Population Explosion, Human rights

Group No. 11
SY-BTech Information Technology

171080984 Onkar Boraawake

171080985 Ajay Yadav
171080986 Jatin Varlyani
171080988 Prathmesh Shinde
171080992 Jayesh Gade
171080994 Rushikesh Ghuge
 CONTENTS
Chapter No. Title Page No.

1. Introduction
2. Population Explosion
2.1 Causes of population explosion
2.2 The Causes of Population Growth
2.3 Effects of population explosion.
2.4 Solution
3 Human Rights
3.1 Definition
3.2 Universal Declaration of Human Rights
3.3 Examples
4. Conclusion
5. References
1] Introduction:

Population explosion is not only a problem in India; it has reached a

menacing proportion all over the world, especially in the poorer
countries.

The population of India was around 361 million during the census of
1951. It reached over 1.21 billion during the census of 2011.

The developed countries in the West or in countries like Japan which are
rich enough to employ all their people according to their abilities the
growth of population may prove to be a boon, for the rapid growth of
industries and national wealth always need greater workforce to
implement the programs of development in ever-expanding spheres.
However, a developing country like India, where the resources and
employment opportunities are limited, the rapid increase in population
during the post-independent has negatively affected its economy.

The rapid growth of the world's population over the past one hundred
years results from a difference between the rate of birth and the rate of
death.
1.2 Causes of population explosion:

The causes of population explosion are as follows:

Accelerating birthrate: Due to lack of awareness about the

positive impact of using birth-control method, there has been a
steady growth in birthrate.
Decrease in infant mortality rate: An improvement in medical
science and technology, wide usage of preventive drugs
(vaccines), has reduced the infant mortality rate. There has been
great improvement in medical and health-care facilities during the
past few decades.
Increase in life expectancy: Due to improved living conditions,
better hygiene and sanitation habits, better nutrition, health
education, etc. the average life expectancy of human population
has improved significantly. Steady supply of good quality food
make sure that the population is well nourished. Populations grow
when they are adequately nourished.
Increased immigration: An increase in immigration often
contributes towards population explosion, particularly in developed
countries. It happens when a large number arrive at an already
populated place with the intention to reside permanently.
Less space than required: In urban cities, it is often found that
there is very less scope for making available extra space to absorb
 the additional population. In such cases, a large population is seen
packed Into a smaller space.

1.3 Causes of Over population:

Until recently, birth rates and death rates were about the same,
keeping the population stable. People had many children, but a
large number of them died before age of five.
During the Industrial Revolution, a period of history in Europe and
North America where there were great advances in science and
technology, the success in reducing death rates was attributable to
several factors:
(1) increases in food production and distribution,
(2) Improvement in public health (water and sanitation), and
(3) Medical technology (vaccines and antibiotics), along with gains
in education and standards of living within many developing
nations.
ADVERTISEMENTS:

1.4 Effects of population explosion

The effects of population explosion in India are as follows:

Over-population: Population explosion may lead to overpopulation, i.e.,
a condition where population surges to a level that the earth
cannot accommodate comfortably, and poses a threat to the
environment.

Unemployment: In developing countries like India, with a backward

economy and little scope for fruitful employment, millions of people find
no work to do. The unemployed, having nothing to do and without an
ensured living, are left frustrated and demoralize, losing their faith in life
itself. As it happens in India and several underdeveloped countries in
Asia and Africa, the unemployed threatens the very process of
development and plunge the country in gloom. It is only natural.

Poverty: High birth rate, both historically and statistically, is associated

with poverty and low standard of living. It may be noted that poverty is
both the cause and effect of population explosion. Due to poverty, there
has been massive growth of population. On the other hand, the large
masses of people live in poverty due to overpopulation.

Illiteracy: The resources available are fixed. In theory and in practice,

the total available resources are shared by the people using them.
Population explosion is the key reason for illiteracy in India. People
prefer engage their children in economic activities, rather than providing
them education.

Poor Health: If people do not get adequate food and nutrition, then they
may suffer from poor health.

Economy: People need food, clothes, shelter, and occupation to make

their living. The demand for consumption should never exceed the
production or resource limit. The economy of any country is
negatively impacted, if there is massive population explosion beyond the
tolerance limit.

Pollution and Global warming: Too much population causes too much
pressure on earth. There arises excessive demand for finished products
leading to over-industrialization and over-utilization of resources. The
industrial discharges, and fumes are the chief causes for water and air
pollution. Further, the poisonous gases released because of burning of
fossil fuels in factories is widely responsible for Global warming.
1.5 Solutions

A] Awareness made by government

The government creates more awareness among our country. They

cannot ignore or shelve the problem of Population Explosion. Our nation
is mostly active dependent on the government of India, how they treat and
solve the problem of India.

The government made this awareness, at the central and state to think
about adopting an official program to educate opinion and reduce the birth
rate so that the Population can fit in well with the evolving pattern of
developing country.

B] Control Measures / Initiatives

The government cannot ignore or shelve the problem of population

explosion, for it is a rot and entire development of the country depends
on how effectively it is stemmed. This awareness made our
governments, both at the centre and in the states, to think about the
adopt official programme to educate public opinion and reduce the birth
rate so that the population can fit in well with the evolving pattern of
developing economy.

The Family Planning as an official programme was launched with much

fanfare in 1952. The government is still trying to educate the people. All
government agencies and institutions mobilized all their resources to
attain the goal of planned families. The propaganda machinery was
geared up with the help of public media. The people were reminded of
the advantages of small families, of healthy and happy children and of
the need for eradicating the age-old poverty. The parents were
persuaded to go in for sterilization after the births of two children, for the
contraceptive were not always found to be safe and full-proof. Many
parents, especially the educated, came forward to see things in the new
light and were amenable to persuasion.

C] Solution To These problems

There is controversy over whether population growth is good or bad.

Over-population and continuing population growth are making
substantial contributions to the destruction of Earth's life support
systems. In the past, human populations have rarely been subject to
explosion. In numbers. The powerful long-term mo-mentum that is built
into the human age structure means that the effects of fertility changes
become apparent only in the future. For these reasons, it is now conven-
tional practice to use the technology of population projection as a means
of better understanding the implications of trends.

Population projections represent the playing out into the future of a set of
as-sumptions about future fertility and mortality rates. More public
education is needed to develop more awareness about population
issues.

B] Human rights

What are human rights?

Human rights are the basic rights and freedoms that belong to every
person in the world, from birth until death. They apply regardless of
where you are from, what you believe or how you choose to live your
life. They can never be taken away, although they can sometimes be
restricted for example if a person breaks the law, or in the interests of
national security.

These basic rights are based on values like dignity, fairness, equality,
respect and independence. But human rights are not just abstract
concepts they are defined and protected by law. In Britain our human
rights are protected by the Human Rights Act 1998.

Weve produced this short animation to show why human rights are so
important and how they protect us in our day-to-day lives.

The atrocities of the Second World War made the protection of human
rights an international priority. The formation of the United Nations paved
the way for more than 50 Member States to contribute to the final draft of
the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted in 1948. This was
the first attempt to set out at a global level the fundamental rights and
freedoms shared by all human beings.

What is the Universal Declaration of Human Rights?

All human beings are born with equal and inalienable rights and
fundamental freedoms

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights is the foundation for the

modern human rights which are part of UK law. Described as the
foremost statement of the rights and freedoms of all human beings, it
was adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations in 1948.

It represents the first international agreement on the basic principles of

human rights. The Declaration is based on dignity, equality and fairness.
In an introduction and 30 Articles that express the obligations of
Member States, it sets out a range of rights and freedoms to which
everyone, everywhere in the world, is entitled. Examples of these are the
right to life and freedom from torture, inhuman or degrading treatment.

Human rights in India is an issue complicated by the country's large

size & population, widespread poverty, lack of proper education & its
diverse culture, even though being the world's largest sovereign,
secular, democratic republic. The Constitution of India provides for
Fundamental rights, which include freedom of religion. Clauses also
provide for freedom of speech, as well as separation of executive and
judiciary and freedom of movement within the country and abroad. The
country also has an independent judiciary[1][2] and well as bodies to look
into issues of human rights.[3]

In ages past, there were no human rights. Then the idea emerged that
people should have certain freedoms. And that idea, in the wake of
World War II, resulted finally in the document called the Universal
Declaration of Human Rights and the thirty rights to which all people are
entitled.

Economic, social and cultural rights

The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural
Rights entered into force in 1976, and had 164 states parties by the end
of October 2016. The human rights that the Covenant seeks to promote
and protect include:
 the right to work in just and favourable conditions;
the right to social protection, to an adequate standard of living and
to the highest attainable standards of physical and mental well-
being;
Civil and political rights
The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and its First
Optional Protocol entered into force in 1976. The Covenant had 167
states parties by the end of 2010. The Second Optional Protocol was
adopted in 1989.
The Covenant deals with such rights as freedom of movement; equality
before the law; the right to a fair trial and presumption of innocence;
freedom of thought, conscience and religion; freedom of opinion and
expression; peaceful assembly; freedom of association; participation in
public affairs and elections; and protection of minority rights. Human
Rights Conventions

Human Rights Council

The Human Rights Council, established on 15 March 2006 by the
General Assembly and reporting directly to it, replaced the 60-year-
old UN Commission on Human Rights as the key UN intergovernmental
body responsible for human rights. The Council is made up of 47 State
representatives and is tasked with strengthening the promotion and
protection of human rights around the globe by addressing situations of
human rights violations and making recommendations on them,
including responding to human rights emergencies.
UN High Commissioner for Human Rights
The United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights exercises
principal responsibility for UN human rights activities. The High
Commissioner is mandated to respond to serious violations of human
rights and to undertake preventive action.
The Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) is the
focal point for United Nations human rights activities. It serves as the
secretariat for the Human Rights Council, the treaty bodies (expert
committees that monitor treaty compliance) and other UN human rights
organs. It also undertakes human rights field activities
Human Rights and the UN System
Human rights is a cross-cutting theme in all UN policies and
programmes in the key areas of peace and security, development,
humanitarian assistance, and economic and social affairs. Human rights
day is observed every year on 10 December.
Conclusion:

Population Explosion has caused more pressure on earth. We should

save energy so that the entire Population can enjoy its benefit. We can
control the global warming issues by curbing the use of fossil fuels. Food
security is another area that needs attention. The agricultural output
should increase with growing Population to make a sure steady supply of
food to all. We should use potable water carefully. With larger Population,
there is a need for harmony and peace among nations.

References:
https://www.eolss.net/Sample-Chapters/C11/E1-13-02-07.pdf
https://www.triplepundit.com/2014/07/world-population-human-rights-
issue/
http://populationgrowth.org