Coordinates: 283650N 771232E

New Delhi
New Delhi (/nju dli/ ( listen))[4][5] is the capital of India and one of Delhi city's 11 districts. Although colloquially
Delhi and New Delhi are used interchangeably to refer to the National Capital Territory of Delhi, these are two distinct
New Delhi
entities, with New Delhi forming a small part of Delhi. The National Capital Region is a much larger entity Capital city and District
comprising the entire National Capital Territory of Delhi along with adjoining districts. It is surrou
nded by Haryana on
three sides and Uttar Pradesh on the east.

The foundation stone of the city was laid by George V, Emperor of India during the Delhi Durbar of 1911.[6] It was
designed by British architects, Sir Edwin Lutyens and Sir Herbert Baker. The new capital was inaugurated on 13
February 1931,[7] by Viceroy and Governor-General of India Lord Irwin.

New Delhi has been selected as one of the hundred Indian cities to be developed as a smart city under Prime Minister
of India Narendra Modi's flagship Smart Cities Mission.

Contents
1 History
1.1 Establishment
1.2 Post-independence
2 Geography
2.1 Seismology
2.2 Climate
2.3 Air quality
3 Demographics
Clockwise from top left:Secretariat
3.1 Religion
Building, Connaught Place, Jantar
Mantar, Rashtrapati Bhavan, India Gate
4 Government
5 Economy
6 Culture
6.1 Historic sites, museums and gardens
7 Transport
7.1 Air
7.2 Road
7.3 Railway New Delhi
7.4 Metro
8 Cityscape
8.1 Architecture
9 Sports
10 Aerial view of New Delhi
11 International relations and organisations
11.1 Sister cities
12 See also New Delhi
13 References
14 Bibliography
15 External links

History

Establishment
Calcutta (now Kolkata) was the capital of India during theBritish Raj until December 1911.

Delhi had served as the political and financial centre of several empires of ancient India and the Delhi Sultanate, most
notably of the Mughal Empire from 1649 to 1857. During the early 1900s, a proposal was made to the British
administration to shift the capital of the British Indian Empire, as India was of
ficially named, from Calcutta on the east
coast, to Delhi.[8] The Government of British India felt that it would be logistically easier to administer India from
Delhi in the centre of northern India.[8]

The land for building the new city of Delhi was acquired under theLand Acquisition Act 1894.[9]
On 12 December 1911, during the Delhi Durbar, George V, then Emperor of India, along with Queen Mary, his
Consort, made the announcement[10][11] that the capital of the Raj was to be shifted from Calcutta to Delhi, while
laying the foundation stone for the Viceroy's residence in the Coronation Park, Kingsway Camp.[12][13] The
foundation stone[14] of New Delhi was laid by King George V and Queen Mary at the site of Delhi Durbar of 1911 at
Kingsway Camp on 15 December 1911, during their imperial visit. Large parts of New Delhi were planned by Edwin
Lutyens, who first visited Delhi in 1912, and Herbert Baker, both leading 20th-century British architects.[15] The
contract was given to Sobha Singh. The original plan called for its construction in Tughlaqabad, inside the New Delhi
Tughlaqabad fort, but this was given up because of the Delhi-Calcutta trunk line that passed through the fort.
Construction really began after World War I and was completed by 1931. The city that was later dubbed "Lutyens'
Delhi" was inaugurated in ceremonies beginning on 10 February 1931 by Lord Irwin, the Viceroy.[16] Lutyens
imperial aspirations.[17][18]
designed the central administrative area of the city as a testament to Britain's

Soon Lutyens started considering other places. Indeed, the Delhi Town Planning Committee, set up to plan the new
New Delhi
imperial capital, with George Swinton as chairman and John A. Brodie and Lutyens as members, submitted reports for
both North and South sites. However, it was rejected by the Viceroy when the cost of acquiring the necessary
properties was found to be too high. The central axis of New Delhi, which today faces east at India Gate, was
previously meant to be a north-south axis linking the Viceroy's House at one end with Paharganj at the other. During
the project's early years, many tourists believed it was a gate from Earth to Heaven itself.[19] Eventually, owing to Location in Delhi State

space constraints and the presence of a large number of heritage sites in the North side, the committee settled on the Coordinates: 283650N 771232E
South site.[20] A site atop the Raisina Hill, formerly Raisina Village, a Meo village, was chosen for the Rashtrapati Country India
Bhawan, then known as the Viceroy's House. The reason for this choice was that the hill lay directly opposite the Union Delhi
Dinapanah citadel, which was also considered the site of Indraprastha, the ancient region of Delhi. Subsequently, the territory
foundation stone was shifted from the site of Delhi Durbar of 19111912, where the Coronation Pillar stood, and Established 1911
embedded in the walls of the forecourt of the Secretariat. The Rajpath, also known as King's Way, stretched from the Inaugurated 1931
India Gate to the Rashtrapati Bhawan. The Secretariat building, the two blocks of which flank the Rashtrapati Bhawan
Area[1]
and houses ministries of the Government of India, and the Parliament House, both designed by Baker, are located at Capital city 42.7 km2 (16.5 sq mi)
the Sansad Marg and run parallel to the Rajpath.
Elevation 216 m (709 ft)
In the south, land up to Safdarjung's Tomb was acquired to create what is today known as Lutyens' Bungalow Population (2011)[2]
Zone.[21] Before construction could begin on the rocky ridge of Raisina Hill, a circular railway line around the Capital city 257,803
Council House (now Parliament House), called the Imperial Delhi Railway, was built to transport construction Density 6,000/km2
material and workers for the next twenty years. The last stumbling block was the
Agra-Delhi railway line that cut right (16,000/sq mi)
through the site earmarked for the hexagonal All-India War Memorial (India Gate) and Kingsway (Rajpath), which Metro 26,454,000
(2016)[3]
was a problem because the Old Delhi Railway Station served the entire city at that time. The line was shifted to run
along the Yamuna river, and it began operating in 1924. The New Delhi Railway Station opened in 1926 with a single Demonym(s) Delhiite
platform at Ajmeri Gate near Paharganj and was completed in time for the city's inauguration in 1931.[22][23] As Time zone IST (UTC+5:30)
construction of the Viceroy's House (the present Rashtrapati Bhavan), Central Secretariat, Parliament House, and All- Pincode(s) 110xxx
India War Memorial (India Gate) was winding down, the building of a shopping district and a new plaza, Connaught Area code(s) +91-11
Place, began in 1929, and was completed by 1933. Named after Prince Arthur, 1st Duke of Connaught (18501942), it Vehicle DL-1x-x-xxxx to DL-
was designed by Robert Tor Russell, chief architect to thePublic Works Department (PWD).[24] registration 14x-x-xxxx
Civic agency New Delhi Municipal
After the capital of India moved to Delhi, a temporary secretariat building was constructed in a few months in 1912 in Council
North Delhi. Most of the government offices of the new capital moved here from the 'Old secretariat' in Old Delhi (the Website www.ndmc.gov.in
building now houses the Delhi Legislative Assembly), a decade
before the new capital was inaugurated in 1931. Many
employees were brought into the new capital from distant parts
of India, including the Bengal Presidency and Madras
Presidency. Subsequently, housing for them was developed
around Gole Market area in the 1920s.[25] Built in the 1940s, to
house government employees, with bungalows for senior
officials in the nearby Lodhi Estate area, Lodhi colony near
historic Lodhi Gardens, was the last residential areas built by
the British Raj.[26]
Lord Curzon and Lady Curzon arriving at
the Delhi Durbar, 1903.
Post-independence
The city of New Delhi is located within the
After India gained independence in 1947, a limited autonomy
National Capital Territory of Delhi.
was conferred to New Delhi and was administered by a Chief Commissioner appointed by the Government of India.
In 1956, Delhi was converted into a union territory and eventually the Chief Commissioner was replaced by a
Lieutenant Governor. The Constitution (Sixty-ninth Amendment) Act, 1991 declared the Union Territory of Delhi to be formally known as National Capital Territory of
Delhi.[27] A system was introduced under which the elected Government was given wide powers, excluding law and order which remained with the Central Government.
The actual enforcement of the legislation came in 1993.
 The first major extension of New Delhi outside of Lutyens' Delhi came in the 1950s when the Central Public Works
Department (CPWD) developed a large area of land southwest of Lutyens' Delhi to create the diplomatic enclave of
Chanakyapuri, where land was allotted for embassies, chanceries, high commissions and residences of ambassadors,
around a wide central vista,Shanti Path.[28]

The Delhi Durbar of 1911, with King
George V and Queen Mary seated upon
the dais.
Geography
With a total area of 42.7 km2 (16.5 sq mi), New Delhi forms a small part of the Delhi metropolitan area.[29] Since the
city is located on the Indo-Gangetic Plain, there is little difference in elevation across the city. New Delhi and
surrounding areas were once a part of the Aravali Range; all that is left of those mountains is the Delhi Ridge, which
is also called the Lungs of Delhi. While New Delhi lies on the floodplains of the Yamuna River, it is essentially a
landlocked city. East of the river is the urban area of Shahdara. New
Delhi falls under the seismic zone-IV, making it vulnerable to
earthquakes.[30]

The 1931 series celebrated the
inauguration of New Delhi as the seat of
government. The one rupee stamp shows
George V with the "Secretariat Building"
and Dominion Columns.
Seismology
New Delhi lies on several fault lines and thus experiences frequent
earthquakes, most of them of mild intensity. There has, however, been a
Rashtrapati Bhavan, the home of
spike in the number of earthquakes in the last six years, most notable
the President of India.
being a 5.4 magnitude earthquake in 2015 with its epicentre in Nepal, a
4.7-magnitude earthquake on 25 November 2007, a 4.2-magnitude
earthquake on 7 September 2011, a 5.2-magnitude earthquake on 5 March 2012, and a swarm of twelve earthquakes,
including four of magnitudes 2.5, 2.8, 3.1, and 3.3, on 12 November 2013.

Climate
The climate of New Delhi is a monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate (Kppen Cwa) bordering a hot semi-arid climate (Kppen BSh) with high variation between
summer and winter in terms of both temperature and rainfall. The temperature varies from 46 C (115 F) in summers to around 0 C (32 F) in winters. The area's version
of a humid subtropical climate is noticeably different from many other cities with this climate classification in that it features long and very hot summers, relatively dry and
mild winters, a monsoonal period, and dust storms. Summers are long, extending from early April to October, with the monsoon season occurring in the middle of the
summer. Winter starts in November and peaks in January. The annual mean temperature is around 25 C (77 F); monthly daily mean temperatures range from
approximately 14 to 34 C (57 to 93 F). New Delhi's highest temperature ever recorded is 48.4 C (119.1 F) on June 28, 1883 while the lowest temperature ever recorded
is 2.2 C (28.0 F) on January 11, 1967, both of which are recorded at Indira Gandhi International Airport (formerly known as Palam Airport).[31] The average annual
[32]
rainfall is 714 millimetres (28.1 in), most of which is during the monsoons in July and August.
 Climate data for New Delhi (Safdarjung) 19812010
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record
30.0 34.1 40.6 45.6 47.2 46.7 45.0 42.0 40.6 39.4 36.1 29.3 47.2
high C
(86) (93.4) (105.1) (114.1) (117) (116.1) (113) (107.6) (105.1) (102.9) (97) (84.7) (117)
(F)
Average
20.5 23.9 29.6 36.3 39.5 39.2 35.4 34.1 34.1 32.8 28.2 23.1 31.4
high C
(68.9) (75) (85.3) (97.3) (103.1) (102.6) (95.7) (93.4) (93.4) (91) (82.8) (73.6) (88.5)
(F)
Average
7.6 10.4 15.6 21.3 25.8 27.9 27.4 26.6 25.0 19.1 12.9 8.3 19.0
low C
(45.7) (50.7) (60.1) (70.3) (78.4) (82.2) (81.3) (79.9) (77) (66.4) (55.2) (46.9) (66.2)
(F)
Record
0.6 1.6 4.4 10.7 15.2 18.9 20.3 20.7 17.3 9.4 3.9 1.1 0.6
low C
(30.9) (34.9) (39.9) (51.3) (59.4) (66) (68.5) (69.3) (63.1) (48.9) (39) (34) (30.9)
(F)
Average
rainfall 19.3 22.1 15.9 13.0 31.5 82.2 187.3 232.5 129.8 14.3 4.9 9.4 762.3
mm (0.76) (0.87) (0.626) (0.512) (1.24) (3.236) (7.374) (9.154) (5.11) (0.563) (0.193) (0.37) (30.012)
(inches)
Average
rainy 1.3 1.8 1.6 1.2 2.5 4.6 9.4 9.8 5.5 1.0 0.5 0.9 40.1
days
Average
relative
63 55 47 34 33 46 70 73 62 52 55 62 54
humidity
(%)
Mean
monthly
214.6 216.1 239.1 261.0 263.1 196.5 165.9 177.0 219.0 269.3 247.2 215.8 2,684.6
sunshine
hours

Source #1: India Meteorological Department (record high and low up to 2010) [31][33]

Source #2: NOAA (extremes, sun and humidity , 19711990) [34]

Air quality
In recent Mercer's 2015 annual quality-of-living survey, New Delhi ranks at number 154 out of 230 cities due to bad air quality and pollution.[35][36] The World Health
Organization ranked New Delhi as the world's worst polluted city in 2014 among about 1,600 cities the organisation tracked around the world.[37][38][39][40] In 2016, United
States Environmental Protection Agencylisted New Delhi as the most polluted city onEarth.[41][42]

In an attempt to curb air pollution in New Delhi, which gets worse during the winter, a temporary alternate-day travel
scheme for cars using the odd- and even-numbered license plates system was announced by Delhi government in December
2015. In addition, trucks were to be allowed to enter India's capital only after 11 pm, two hours later than the existing
restriction.[40] The driving restriction scheme was planned to be implemented as a trial from 1 January 2016 for an initial
period of 15 days. The restriction was in force between 8 am and 8 pm, and traffic was not restricted on Sundays.[43] Public
[40]
transportation service was increased during the restriction period.

On 16 December 2015, the Supreme Court of India mandated several restrictions on Delhi's transportation system to curb
pollution. Among the measures, the court ordered to stop registrations of diesel cars and sport utility vehicles with an engine Dense smog at Connaught Place,
capacity of 2,000 cc and over until 31 March 2016. The court also ordered all taxis in the Delhi region to switch to New Delhi.
compressed natural gas by 1 March 2016. Transportation vehicles that are more than 10 years old were banned from
entering the capital.[44]

Analysing real-time vehicle speed data from Uber Delhi revealed that during the odd-even program, average speeds went up by a statistically significant 5.4 per cent (2.8
standard deviation from normal). This means vehicles have lesser idling time in traf [45] "In bordering
fic and vehicle engines would run closer to minimum fuel consumption.
areas, PM 2.5 levels were recorded more than 400 (ug/m3) while in inner areas in Delhi, they were recorded between 150 and 210 on an average."[46] However, the subcity
of Dwarka, located in the southwest district, has a substantially low level of air pollution. At the NSIT University campus, located in sector 3 Dwarka, pollution levels were
as low as 93 PPM.

On 7 November 2017, the Indian Medical Association declared a public health emergency due to high pollution levels [47] . The highest being in the Punjabi Bagh district
with an Air Quality Index of 999 and in the RK Puram district with an index of 852. The lowest index recorded was in the Anand Vihar district with an index of 319[48] .
Levels of PM2.5 were recorded at 710g/m, more than 11 times the World Health Organisation's safe limit[49] .
 2015 Air pollution in New Delhi (PM2.5 AQI).
Hazardous Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups
Very Unhealthy Moderate
Unhealthy Good

Demographics
New Delhi has a population of 257,803.[2] Hindi is the most widely spoken language in New Delhi and the lingua franca of the city. English is primarily used as the formal
language by business and government institutes.[50] New Delhi has a literacy rate of 89.38% according to 201
1 census, which is highest in Delhi.[51]

Religion
Except for Hinduism, the proportions of other religions are different and relatively lower in New Delhi as compared to entire
NCT.[52] According to 2011 census, Hinduism is the religion of 89.8% of New Delhi's population. There are also communities
of Muslims (4.5%), Christians (2.9%), Sikhs (2.0%), Jains (0.4%).[52] Other religious groups include Parsis, Buddhists and
Jews.[53]

Government
The national capital of India, New Delhi is jointly administered by both the Central Government of India and the local Laxminarayan Temple (Birla
Government of Delhi, it is also the capital of the National Capital T
erritory (NCT) of Delhi. Mandir) a Hindu temple in New
Delhi
As of 2015, the government structure of the New Delhi Municipal Council includes a chairperson, three members of New
Delhi's Legislative Assembly, two members nominated by the Chief Minister of
the NCT of Delhi and five members nominated by the central government.

The head of state of Delhi is the Lieutenant Governor of the Union Territory of Delhi,
appointed by the President of India on the advice of the Central government and the post is
largely ceremonial, as the Chief Minister of the Union Territory of Delhi is the head of
government and is vested with most of the executive powers. According to the Indian
constitution, if a law passed by Delhi's legislative assembly is repugnant to any law passed
by the Parliament of India, then the law enacted by the parliament will prevail over the law
enacted by the assembly.[55]

New Delhi is governed through a municipal government, known as the New Delhi
Municipal Council (NDMC). Other urban areas of the metropolis of Delhi are administered The Sacred Heart
Cathedral is a Roman
by the Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD). However, the entire metropolis of Delhi is
Gurudwara Bangla Sahiba Sikh Catholic cathedral and
commonly known as New Delhi in contrast toOld Delhi. designed by British
gurdwara in New Delhi.
architect Henry Medd
Economy based on Italian
architecture.
New Delhi is the largest commercial city in northern India. It has an estimated net State Domestic Product (FY 2010) of 1,595 billion
(US$25 billion) in nominal terms and ~6,800 billion (US$110 billion) in PPP terms.[56] As of 2013, the
per capita income of Delhi was Rs. 230000, second highest in India after Goa. GSDP in Delhi at the current Religion in New Delhi (NDMC)[52][54]
prices for 201213 is estimated at Rs 3.88 trillion (short scale) against Rs 3.11 trillion (short scale) in 2011 Religion Percent
Hinduism 89.82%
12.[57]
Islam 4.50%
Christianity 2.93%
Connaught Place, one of North India's largest commercial and financial centres, is located in the northern
Sikhism 1.97%
part of New Delhi. Adjoining areas such as Barakhamba Road, ITO are also major commercial centres.
Jainism 0.42%
Government and quasi government sector was the primary employer in New Delhi. The city's service sector Others 0.36%
has expanded due in part to the large skilled English-speaking workforce that has attracted many
multinational companies. Key service industries include information technology, telecommunications,
hotels, banking, media and tourism.
 The 2011 World Wealth Report ranks
economic activity in New Delhi at 39,
but overall the capital is ranked at 37,
above cities like Jakarta and
Johannesburg.[58] New Delhi with
Beijing shares the top position as the
most targeted emerging markets retail
The Secretariat Building houses
destination among Asia-Pacific
Ministries of Defence, Finance,
markets.[59] Home Affairs and External Affairs. It
Connaught Place in Delhi is an important economic hub of the
National Capital Region also houses the Prime Minister's
The Government of National Capital
office.
Territory of Delhi does not release any
economic figures specifically for New Delhi but publishes an official economic report on the whole of Delhi annually.
According to the Economic Survey of Delhi, the metropolis has a net State Domestic Product (SDP) of Rs. 830.85 billion (for the year 200405)[60] and a per capita income
of Rs. 53,976($1,200).[60] In the year 200809 New Delhi had a Per Capita Income of Rs. 116,886 ($2,595).It grew by 16.2% to reach Rs. 135,814 ($3,018) in 200910
fiscal. New Delhi's Per Capita GDP (at PPP) was at $6,860 during 200910 fiscal, making it one of the richest cities in India. The tertiary sector contributes 78.4% of Delhi's
.[60]
gross SDP followed bysecondary and primary sectors with 20.2% and 1.4% contribution respectively

The gross state domestic product (GSDP) of Delhi at current prices for the year 201112 has been estimated at Rs 3.13 trillion (short scale), which is an increase of 18.7 per
cent over the previous fiscal.[61]

Culture
New Delhi is a cosmopolitan city due to the multi-ethnic and multi-cultural presence of the vast Indian bureaucracy and political system. The city's capital status has
amplified the importance of national events and holidays. National events such as Republic Day, Independence Day and Gandhi Jayanti (Gandhi's birthday) are celebrated
with great enthusiasm in New Delhi and the rest of India. On India's Independence Day (15 August) the Prime Minister of India addresses the nation from the Red Fort.
Most Delhiites celebrate the day by flying kites, which are considered a symbol of freedom.[62] The Republic Day Parade is a large cultural and military parade showcasing
India's cultural diversity and military might.[63][64]

Religious festivals include Diwali (the festival of light), Maha Shivaratri, Teej, Durga Puja, Mahavir Jayanti, Guru Nanak Jayanti, Holi, Lohri, Eid ul-Fitr, Eid ul-Adha,
Raksha Bandhan, Christmas and Chhath Puja .[64] The Qutub Festival is a cultural event during which performances of musicians and dancers from all over India are
showcased at night, with the Qutub Minar as the chosen backdrop of the event.[65] Other events such as Kite Flying Festival, International Mango Festival and Vasant
Panchami (the Spring Festival) are held every year in Delhi.

There are also a number ofIglesia ni Cristo members, most of them Filipinos and some Indians who are married to the members.

In 2007, the Japanese Buddhist organisation Nipponzan Myohoji decided to build a Peace Pagoda in the city containing Buddha relics. It was inaugurated by the current
Dalai Lama.

Historic sites, museums and gardens

New Delhi is home to several historic sites and museums. The National Museum which began with an exhibition of Indian
art and artefacts at the Royal Academy in London in the winter of 194748[66] was later at the end was shown at the
Rashtrapati Bhawan in 1949. Later it was to form a permanent National Museum. On 15 August 1949, the National
Museum was formally inaugurated and currently has 200,000 works of art, both of Indian and foreign origin, covering over
5,000 years.[67]

The India Gate built in 1931 was inspired by the Arc de Triomphe in Paris.[68] It is the national monument of India
commemorating the 90,000 soldiers of the Indian Army who lost their lives while fighting for the British Raj in World War
The National Museum in New Delhi
I and the Third Anglo-Afghan War.[68] The monument is barricaded now with entry to inside arch restricted. is one of the largest museums in
India.
The Rajpath which was built similar to the Champs-lyses in Paris is the ceremonial boulevard for the Republic of India
located in New Delhi. The annual Republic Day parade takes place here on 26 January. The Beating retreat takes place here
2 days later.

Gandhi Smriti in New Delhi is the location where Mahatma Gandhi spent the last 144 days of his life and was assassinated
on 30 January 1948. Rajghat is the place where Mahatma Gandhi was cremated on 31 January 1948 after his assassination
and his ashes were buried and make it a final resting place beside the sanctity of the Yamuna River. The Raj Ghat in the
shape of large square platform with black marblewas designed by architect Vanu Bhuta.

Jantar Mantar located in Connaught Place was built by Maharaja Jai Singh II of Jaipur. It consists of 13 architectural
astronomy instruments. The primary purpose of the observatory was to compile astronomical tables, and to predict the times
and movements of the sun, moon and planets.
The Rajghat, the final resting place of
New Delhi is home to Indira Gandhi Memorial Museum, National Gallery of Modern Art, National Museum of Natural Mahatma Gandhi.
History, National Rail Museum, National Handicrafts and Handlooms Museum, National Philatelic Museum, Nehru
Planetarium, Shankar's International Dolls Museum.[69] and Supreme Court of India Museum.[70]
In the coming years, a newNational War Memorial and Museum will be constructed in New Delhi[71][72] for 4,000 million (US$62 million).[73][74]

New Delhi is particularly renowned for its beautifully landscaped gardens that can look quite stunning in spring. The largest of these include Buddha Jayanti Park and the
historic Lodi Gardens. In addition, there are the gardens in the Presidential Estate, the gardens along the Rajpath and India Gate, the gardens along Shanti Path, the Rose
Garden, Nehru Park and the Railway Garden in Chanakya Puri. Also of note is the garden adjacent to the Jangpura Metro Station near the Defence Colony Flyover, as are
the roundabout and neighbourhood gardens throughout the city
.

The New Delhi Municipal Council (NDMC) area was declared the cleanest in North India, based on solid waste management, access to sanitation and other parameters of
[75]
cleanliness, under the zone-wise Swachh Survekshan 2017.

Transport

Air
Indira Gandhi International Airport, situated to the southwest of Delhi, is the main gateway for the city's domestic and
international civilian air traffic. In 201213, the airport was used by more than 35 million passengers,[79][80] making it one of
the busiest airports in South Asia. Terminal 3, which cost 96.8 billion (US$1.5 billion) to construct between 2007 and 2010,
.[81]
handles an additional 37 million passengers annually

The Delhi Flying Club, established in 1928 with two de Havilland Moth aircraft named Delhi and Roshanara, was based at New Delhi railway station
Safdarjung Airport which started operations in 1929, when it was the Delhi's only airport and the second in India.[82] The
airport functioned until 2001, however in January 2002 the government closed the airport for flying activities because of
security concerns followingthe New York attacks in September 2001. Since then, the club only carries out aircraft maintenance
courses,[82] and is used for helicopter rides to Indira Gandhi International Airport for VIP including the president and the prime
minister.[83]

In 2010, Indira Gandhi International Airport (IGIA) was conferred the fourth best airport award in the world in the 15
25 million category, and Best Improved Airport in the Asia-Pacific Region by Airports Council International.[84] The airport The Delhi Metro

was rated as the Best airport in the world in the 2540 million passengers category in 2015, by Airports Council
International.[85] Delhi Airport also bags two awards for The Best Airport in Central Asia/India and Best Airport Staff in
Central Asia/India at the Skytrax World Airport Awards 2015.[86]

Road
A view of Delhi Faridabad
New Delhi has one of India's largest bus transport systems. Buses are operated by the state-owned Delhi Transport Corporation Skyway
(DTC), which owns largest fleet of compressed natural gas (CNG)-fueled buses in the world. Personal vehicles especially cars
also form a major chunk of vehicles plying on New Delhi roads. New Delhi has the highest number of registered cars compared
to any other metropolitan city in India. Taxis and Auto Rickshaws also ply on New Delhi roads in large numbers. New Delhi
.[87]
has one of the highest road density inIndia and average vehicle speed is around 15-20 kmph in peak hours in the city

Important Roads in New Delhi

Some roads and expressways serve as important pillars of New Delhi's road infrastructure:

Inner Ring Road is one of the most important "state highways" in New Delhi. It is a 51 km long circular road, The Delhi-Gurgaon Expressway,
which connects important areas in New Delhi. Owing to more than 2 dozen grade-separators/flyovers, the road connecting Delhi to the Indira
is almost signal-free. Gandhi International Airport
Outer Ring Road is another major artery in New Delhi that links far-flung areas of Delhi.
The Delhi Noida Direct Flyway D ( ND Flyway) is an eight-laned access controlled tolled expressway which
connects New Delhi and Delhi toNoida (an important satellite city ofUttar Pradesh). The acronym DND stands
for "Delhi-Noida Direct".
'The Delhi Gurgaon Expresswayis a 28 km (17 mi) expressway connecting New Delhi toGurgaon, an
important satellite city ofHaryana.
The Delhi Faridabad Skywayis controlled tolled expressway which connects New Delhi toFaridabad, an
important satellite city ofHaryana.
National Highways passing through New Delhi
The Delhi Noida Direct Flyway
New Delhi is connected by road to the rest of India through National highways: (DND Flyway)

National Highway 19 (India)(old number: NH 2), commonly referred as Delhi-Kolkata Road is a busy Indian
National Highway that runs through the states of Delhi,Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, and West Bengal.
National Highway 44 (India)is a National Highway that connects Srinagar with Kanyakumari and passes through Delhi.
National Highway 48 (India)is a National Highway that connects New Delhi with Chennai.
National Highway 9 (India)is a National Highway that connectsMalout in Punjab to Pithoragarh in Uttarakhand and passes through Delhi.

Railway
 Station Name Station Code Railway Zone Total Platforms
New Delhi NDLS Northern Railway 16
Old Delhi DLI Northern Railway 16
Hazrat Nizamuddin NZM Northern Railway 7
Anand Vihar Terminal ANVT Northern Railway 7
Delhi Sarai Rohilla DEE Northern Railway 7

New Delhi is a major junction in the Indian railway network and is the headquarters of the Northern Railway. The five main railway stations are New Delhi railway station,
Old Delhi, Nizamuddin Railway Station, Anand Vihar Railway Terminal and Sarai Rohilla.[88] The Delhi Metro, a mass rapid transit system built and operated by Delhi
Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC), serves many parts of Delhi and the neighbouring cities Faridabad, Gurgaon, Noida and Ghaziabad. As of December 2016, the metro
consists of six operational lines with a total length of 213 km (132 mi) and 160 stations. Several other lines are under construction and expected to be commissioned in 2017
adding another 150 km length.[89] It carries almost 3 million passengers every day.[90] In addition to the Delhi Metro, a suburban railway, the Delhi Suburban Railway
exists.[91]

Metro
The Delhi Metro is a rapid transit system serving New Delhi, Delhi, Gurgaon, Faridabad, Noida, and Ghaziabad in the National Capital Region of India. Delhi Metro is the
world's 12th largest metro system in terms of length. Delhi Metro was India's first modern public transportation system, which had revolutionised travel by providing a fast,
reliable, safe, and comfortable means of transport. Presently, the Delhi Metro network consists of 213 kilometres (132 miles) of track, with 160 stations along with six more
stations of the Airport Express Link. The network has now crossed the boundaries of Delhi to reach NOIDA and Ghaziabad in Uttar Pradesh, Gurgaon and faridabad in
Haryana. All stations have escalators, elevators, and tactile tiles to guide the visually impaired from station entrances to trains. It has a combination of elevated, at-grade, and
underground lines, and uses both broad gauge andstandard gauge rolling stock. Four types of rolling stock are used: Mitsubishi-ROTEM Broad gauge, Bombardier MOVIA,
Mitsubishi-ROTEM Standard gauge, and CAF Beasain Standard gauge.According to a study, Delhi Metro has helped in removing about 390,000 vehicles from the streets of
Delhi.

Delhi Metro is being built and operated by the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Limited (DMRC), a state-owned company with equal equity participation from Government of
India and Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi. However, the organisation is under administrative control of Ministry of Urban Development, Government of
India. Besides construction and operation of Delhi metro, DMRC is also involved in the planning and implementation of metro rail, monorail and high-speed rail projects in
India and providing consultancy services to other metro projects in the country as well as abroad. The Delhi Metro project was spearheaded by Padma Vibhushan E.
Sreedharan, the managing director of DMRC and popularly known as the "Metro Man" of India. He famously resigned from DMRC, taking moral responsibility for a metro
bridge collapse which took five lives. Sreedharan was awarded with the prestigious
Legion of Honour by the French Government for his contribution to Delhi Metro.

Cityscape
Much of New Delhi, planned by the leading 20th-century British architect Edwin Lutyens, was laid out to be the central
administrative area of the city as a testament to Britain's imperial ambitions. New Delhi is structured around two central promenades
called the Rajpath and the Janpath. The Rajpath, or King's Way, stretches from the Rashtrapati Bhavan to the India Gate. The Janpath
(Hindi: "Path of the People"), formerly Queen's Way, begins at Connaught Circus and cuts the Rajpath at right angles. 19 foreign
gest diplomatic enclave in India.[92]
embassies are located on the nearby Shantipath (Hindi: "Path of Peace"), making it the lar

At the heart of the city is the magnificent Rashtrapati Bhavan (formerly known as Viceroy's House) which sits atop Raisina Hill. The
Secretariat, which houses ministries of the Government of India, flanks out of the Rashtrapati Bhavan. The Parliament House,
designed by Herbert Baker, is located at the Sansad Marg, which runs parallel to the Rajpath. Connaught Place is a large, circular
commercial area in New Delhi, modelled after the Royal Crescent in England. Twelve separate roads lead out of the outer ring of
Connaught Place, one of them being the Janpath.

Rashtrapati Bhavan is the

Architecture official residence of the
President of India and is the
The New Delhi town plan, like its architecture, was chosen with one single chief consideration: to be a symbol of British power and
largest residence of any
supremacy.[18][93][94] All other decisions were subordinate to this, and it was this framework that dictated the choice and application
head of state in the world.
[68][93]
of symbology and influences from both Hindu and Islamic architecture.

It took about 20 years to build the city from 1911.[95] Many elements of New Delhi architecture borrow from indigenous sources;
however, they fit into a British Classical/Palladian tradition. The fact that there were any indigenous features in the design were due to the persistence and urging of both the
Viceroy Lord Hardinge and historians like E.B. Havell.[68]

Sports
The city hosted the 2010 Commonwealth Games and annually hosts Delhi Half Marathon foot-race. The city has previously hosted the 1951 Asian Games and the 1982
Asian Games. New Delhi was interested[96] in bidding for the 2019 Asian Games but was turned down by the government on 2 August 2010 amid allegations of corruption
in 2010 Commonwealth Games [97]
.

Major sporting venues in New Delhi include the Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, Ambedkar Stadium, Indira Gandhi Indoor Stadium, Feroz Shah Kotla Ground, R.K. Khanna
Tennis Complex, Dhyan Chand National Stadiumand Siri Fort Sports Complex.
 Club Sport League Venue Span
Delhi Daredevils Cricket IPL Feroz Shah Kotla Ground 2008present
Delhi Wizards Field hockey WSH Dhyan Chand National Stadium 2011present
Delhi Waveriders Field hockey HIL Dhyan Chand National Stadium 2013present
Delhi Acers Badminton PBL DDA Badminton and Squash Stadium 2015present
Dabang Delhi Kabaddi PKL Thyagaraj Sports Complex 2014present
The 2010 Commonwealth Games
Delhi Dynamos FC Football ISL Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium 2014present opening ceremony in Jawaharlal
Indian Aces Tennis IPTL Indira Gandhi Arena 2014present Nehru Stadium. In the foreground is
the aerostat
Dilli Veer Wrestling PWL K. D. Jadhav Wrestling Stadium 2015present

Aerial view of New Delhi

Aerial View Of New Delhi. Clicking on a building in the picture causes the browser to load the existing
article about that building.

International relations and organisations

The city is home to numerous international organisations. The Asian and Pacific
Centre for Transfer of Technology of the UNESCAP servicing the Asia-Pacific
region is headquartered in New Delhi.[98] New Delhi is home to most UN
regional offices in India namely the UNDP, UNODC, UNESCO, UNICEF,
WFP, UNV, UNCTAD, FAO, UNFPA, WHO, World Bank, ILO, IMF,
UNIFEM, IFC and UNAIDS. UNHCR Representation in India is also located in
the city.

New Delhi hosts 145 foreign embassies and high commissions.

Summits, Conferences and Conventions

4th BRICS Summit in New Delhi in 2012 and First plenary session of the
New Delhi hosted the 7th NAM Summit in 1983, 4th BRICS Summit[99] in Asian Regional Conference ofInternational Labour Organizationin New
2012 and the IBSA Summit in 2015.[100][101] It will also host 5th Global Delhi on October 1947.
Conference on CyberSpacein November 2017.[102][103]

Sister cities
Moscow, Russia[104]
Beijing, China (2013)[105]
Samarkand, Uzbekistan

See also
Delhi
Delhi Tourism and Transportation Development Corporation
 Faridabad

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External links
New Delhi Government Portal
New Delhi Municipal Council
Official Website of Delhi Tourism

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