TREMATODES flat worms sometimes a knob at

the posterior pole may

HETEROPHYID be observed
Family: Heterophydiae o Fully embryonated
H. heterophyes Von Siebolds fluke miracidum present
Metagonimus yokogawai Heterophid within the egg when
fluke deposited by the adult
Haplorchis taichu tapeworm
Morphology Life cycle
o Elongated, oval or pyriform in
shape and the smallest yet 1st IH 2nd IH
deadliest H. Pironela Mugil,
heterephyes conica Acanthogobius
H. M. Haplorch M. yokogawai Thiara and Salmo,
heterophy yokogaw is Hua Richarsonlum,
es ai Odontoburis
Descrippti Grayish H. taichui Thiara Ambassis
on and riquetti burensis, Claris
smallest batrachus,
fluke of Gerris kapas,
man Therapon
Oral Very small plumberus
sucker Disease
Ventral Large Large at Large o Colicky pain and mucoid
sucker the right diarrhea
of the o Resembles cardiac beri-beri if
midline eggs are filtered in cardiac
Conspicuo Lateral
muscles, and fatal cerebral
us genital posterior
sucker border of hemorrhage if deposited in
ventral brain
sucker
Testes 2, ovoid 2, 1 PARAGONIMUS WESTERMANI
side by unequal Common name: Oriental Lung Fluke
side in the size, Morphology
posterior arranged o Adult
fifth of the obliquely
Reddish brown
bofy side by
side at Equal numbers of oral
the and ventral suckers
posterior Simple intestinal ceca
third of Testes: 2, deeply lobed
the body and situated opposite
ovary Subglubos Glubose Glubose to each other
e, anterior at the
Ovary: 6 unbranched
to testes junction
of lobes and is anterior to
middle the testes
and o Eggs
lower Immature egg is golden
third of brown, oval, thick-
the body shelled
Operculum: wide
o Eggs (opercular shoulders)
o Light yellow brown, and flattened with a
ovoidal, operculated thickened aboperculum
and minute Undeveloped
o Shell slight shoulder miracidum is protected
at the rim of the by thin smooth shell
operculum and
 Life cycle in rows)
MOT Ingestion Ovary In the middle of Anterior Behind
IS Indirect - Miracidum, the body to the the
cercariae middle middle
Direct of the of the
metacercariae body body
IH 1st (snail)
Antemelania
Asperata, Brotia 50 or more 20-30
aspirate, eggs 1-3 eggs eggs
Antelemania Habit Superior Mesente Portal
dactylus at mesenteric ric veins vein of
2nd (crabs) veins of small of large the
Sundathelpusa intestine intestine urinary
philippina, bladder
Parathelpusa Egg Lateral knob Lateral Terminal
grapsoides spine spine
DH Man IH Onchomelania Biompha Bulinus,
DS Eggs quadrasi laria and Physopsis
Disease Australor ,
o Paragonimiasis, Pulmonary bis, Biomphal
tropicorb aria
distatomiasis, Endemic
is
hemoptysis, Cerebral DH Main and Man Man
paragonomiasis domestic
o Development of fibrous capsule animals
with eggs Disea Intestinal/hepa Schistoso Vesical/u
o Bloodstained rusty brown se tic/oriental miasis rinary
sputum schistosomiasis mansoni schistoso
, miasis,
o Hemoptysis
Schistosomiasis bilharzias
o Fever, sweating, chest pain japonica, is
Katayama
Diagnosis disease
o Eggs in sputum, feces, bronchial
washing
o For sputum, treatment with 3% SCHISTOSOMES
NaOH followed by Digenetic trematodes
sedimentation and washing is Blood fluke
the method of choice Inhabiting the veins of their vertebrate
Treatment hosts
o Praziquantel, emetine HCl, Require snail intermediate host
bithionol 5 species: S. mansoni, S. haematobium,
Prevention and control S. japonicum, S. mekongi, and S.
o Avoid eating improperly cooked interaalatum commonly infect humans
meals Morphology
o Adult
S. japonicum S.manso S. Narrow, elongated,
ni haemato dioecious
bium
Has oral and ventral
Com Oriental blood Manson Bladder
suckers
mon fluke s blood fluke,
name fluke Vesical Intestine: bifurcates
blood into 2 ceca, unite to
fluke form a single blind stem
Tegu Smooth Coarse Fine Female: longer more
ment tuberculations tubercul tubercula slender
ations tions Male: shorter but more
Teste 6-7 in a single 8-9 in a 4-5 in
robust, forms long
s file zigzag groups
row ventral gynecophoral
(6-9 arranged canal
Gynecophoral canal o Others:COPT (Circum
oval precipitin test)
- A groove behind the ventral sucker demonstrates the
- Attachment site of the female to the formation of bleb or
male during copulation septate precipitates
o Eggs attached to one or
S. japonicum more points on the egg
Ovoidal, surface after incubation
nonoperculated of schistosome eggs in
with patients serum
rudimentary or
minute lateral S. haematobium
spine o Urinary bladder, genitalia
S. mansoni (seminal vesicle, vulva, cervix,
Elongated, and vaginal walls) lesions
nonoperculated o Uric acid and oxalate crystals,
with phosphate deposits, eggs,
transparent blood clots, mucus and pus may
shell and a be present in the urine
prominent o The most characteristic
lateral spine symptom is hematuria
S. haematobium o Painful micturation, and pain in
Elongated, suprapubic region
nonoperculated o Diagnosis
, light yellowish Sample: urine, (last few
brown and drops of urine passed at
possess a noon, or after exercise
distinct or prostatic massage)
terminal spine Test: sedimentation in a
Disease conical urinary glass
o Symptoms: weakness, diarrhea, Water (60C) +
hepatosplenomegaly, and urine = hatched
carcinoma of the intestine, free-swimming
liver, uterus, and urinary miracidum
bladder under indirect
S. japonicum and S. mansoni lightning
o Pulmonary schistosomiasis against a black
o Ulceration is responsible for background
diarrhea or dysentery seen in Serological test: EIA and
acute schistosomiasis IHA (adult worm
o Granuloma of affected tissue antigen or soluble egg
and organ (brain) antigen (SEA))
o Form of pseudotubercle in
affected organs/tissues
o Schistosomiais japonica
hepato-intestinal, hepato-
splenic or pulmonary
o Stage of progression
Incubation period
from the cercarial
penetration and
schistosomular
migration to the time
the flukes mature
Period of early egg
deposition and
extrusion
Period of tissue
proliferation
o Diagnosis
o DFS (eggs), Kato-Katz or
conc. Technique
o Serological tests: ELISA,
IHA