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RUSSIAN 1
A communicative Russian
course by John Langran
and Natalya Veshnyeva
Ruslan Limited
1
MAP OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
1000.
:
0
2
RUSLAN RUSSIAN 1
A communicative course for beginners in Russian
by John Langran and Natalya Veshnyeva.
Fourth edition.
Ruslan Limited
www.ruslan.co.uk
3
First published 1995
Second edition 1997
Third edition 2001, reprinted 2005
Fourth edition 2008
1995, 1997, 2001, 2005, 2008 Ruslan
Copyright for the cartoons - Anna Lauchlan
Copyright notice
Teachers using the Ruslan course with learners who have purchased the
course book may copy and cut out the speaking exercise material to use
as cue cards for group work and may copy the cartoons at the beginning
of each lesson for classroom use. With these exceptions, no part of this
book may be copied, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any
form or by any means, without the written permission of the copyright
owner. Ruslan Limited does not subscribe to the Publishers Licensing
Agreement.
Errata
Any errors or amendments will be listed on the Ruslan website at:
www.ruslan.co.uk/errata.htm
Accompanying materials
Ruslan 1 Audio CD (4th edition) ISBN 1-899785-66-3
Ruslan 1 Student Workbook ISBN 1-899785-22-1
Ruslan 1 Reader ISBN 1-899785-64-7
Ruslan 1 Teachers notes Free from www.ruslan.co.uk
Ruslan 1 CD-ROM ISBN 1-899785-08-6
4
INTRODUCTION
The alphabet introduction describes the sound of each letter and gives
examples in words. These are recorded on the audio CD and CDRom. There
are also examples of Russian handwriting.
At the end of the book you will find a key to the exercises, the texts of the
listening exercises, a grammar summary, and a full Russian to English
vocabulary for the Ruslan 1 course.
5
Acknowledgements
Thanks to all who have helped with this project, especially:
the Rossica Choir of St Petersburg, Olga Bean, Katie Costello, Ulla Frid,
Paul B. Gallagher, Anna Garofalo-Kurman, Mikhail Kukushkin, Stef de
Groot, David Harmer, Jelena Jefremova, Sergey Kozlov, Emma Lamm,
Jonathan Madden, Tanya Nousinova and Brian Savin.
Photos are by John Langran, by people listed above, from Wikipedia, and
from other public sources. Recordings are by people listed above.
The authors
The authors are both experienced teachers of Russian to adults and young
people.
Natalya Veshnyeva, who wrote most of the dialogues, was born and grew up
in Moscow. She trained as teacher at Moscow Pedagogical Institute and has
taught Russian at a wide range of schools and adult education centres in the
UK and New Zealand.
John Langran, Director of Ruslan Limited, put the course together. John
studied Russian at the University of Sussex, and taught in Birmingham, where
he was head of Brasshouse Centre, Birminghams language centre for adults.
He has been Director of Studies for the Prime Ministers Enterprise Initiative in
Russia, and author of the BBC Russian Phrasebook (1995 edition).
For teachers
Teachers Notes, tests, and other materials for teachers are available free of
charge from the Ruslan website. The Teachers Notes give additional
suggestions for classroom activities, hints on teaching difficult points, and
additional photocopiable worksheets for each lesson.
Contact Ruslan Limited for a user name and password for the Ruslan teacher
pages.
www.ruslan.co.uk
6
CONTENTS
7
Lesson 6 - - The restaurant 70
The verbs: , . The imperatives: ,
The accusative singular of nouns
Adjectives in the nominative case
The word for which -
Information: Russian food. A.S.Pushkin
Song: 81
Lesson 8 - - Time 93
The time in whole hours
The nominative plural of nouns and adjectives
Short adjectives in the plural, and - necessary
The genitive plural of masculine nouns
The irregular verb - to be able to
Information: Using the telephone in Russia
8
SOUNDS AND STRESS IN RUSSIAN
Russian pronunciation depends a lot on the stress. In words of more than one
syllable there is one stressed vowel which is pronounced more strongly, or louder,
than the others. The stress in Russian is unpredictable and has to be learnt.
In materials for learners, the stress is marked with an acute accent. For example
the stress in the word for wine is on the last syllable - - veeno. But in the
word for problem - - the is unstressed and therefore reduced.
It sounds more like the English a in dad. Listen to these words in the Alphabet
Introduction to check the difference.
In original Russian texts the stress is not marked. You have to learn it.
In the days of the USSR, the cyrillic alphabet was in use in all the Soviet
Republics. Today, as well as in Russia, cyrillic is the official script in the Ukraine,
Belarus, Bulgaria and Serbia.
9
THE RUSSIAN ALPHABET
Examples in words:
Six letters are false friends. They look like English letters, but their
sounds are different:
Examples in words:
Examples in words:
The two phonetic symbols (the soft sign and the hard sign ) have no
sound of their own:
wine
petrol
chocolate
?
Red Square
10
Letters and their sounds
a rolled r.
s as in sit.
Listen to the CD or use the CDRom for
t as in pat. the correct sounds of the letters.
There are some more detailed phonetic www
like the oo in zoo. rules at: www.ruslan.co.uk/ruslan1.htm
11
THE ALPHABET - LETTERS IN USE
w4 atom
luggage
wine
gram
doctor
euro
journal
zoo
idea
yoghurt
crisis
lamp
menu
zero
opera
problem
rouble
sport
12
taxi
street
football
ice hockey
tsar
tea
chocolate
cabbage soup
object
music
control
expert
humour
apple
The letter and the signs and are never at the beginning of a word.
In handwriting:
There are two versions of the letter - . For more practice of
the letters, use the
Some letters that are tall letters in English, for Ruslan 1 Workbook.
example k, l, are short in Russian: , .
They occupy just half the height of the line.
Some handwritten letters are quite different in upper and lower cases.
13
LESSON 1 1
Ivan and Lyudmila meet on the plane and then arrive at Moscow
Sheremetyevo airport from London.
You will meet a number of words associated with travel and arriving at
the airport, and some basic questions and answers.
14
15
1
w 6/11 Lyudmila
:
and Ivan in the plane
!
: !
: ?
: , !
: , ?
: , . ?
: ... ... .
w 8/13 Ivan
:
and Lyudmila by the luggage reclaim
?
: , .
: ?
: ?
: , .
: ?
: , , .
: ?
: , .
16
. Lyudmila notices a British visitor w 10/15
dropping some papers
: , ?
: , , . , ,
?
: , .
: -1 -2?
: -2.
irrt typical
! Hello! Englishman
this vis
Msw ! Tell (me)!
ys Shrmtyv
! Exus (m)! (irrt)
and / but n
yu or
ml turist tw
fml turist
businssmn
female journalist
n
nd
I
nt
/ yur (m. / f.)
ssrt
ls / yu r wlm
x gd
hr is
thnk yu
suits
/ my (m. / f.)
whr
bg
tikt
h / it (m.)
(customs) dlrtin
sh / it (f.)
luggg www
what Trvllrs t Russi who are
aspirin carrying more than a certain
amount of foreign currency
souvenir and valuables have to fill out
ustms dlrtin form.
www
Foreign visitors must normally
btin vis bfr ntring
the Russian Federation.
17
1
www
Over 850 years old, Moscow is the capital of the Russian Federation, and with
more than 10 million inhabitants (2005) it is the largest city in Europe. It is the
Port of Five Seas, which are linked to the city by rivers and canals. Moscow
has four major airports, nine main stations, and a metro renowned for its
efficiency, frequency, and amazing architecture.
This is th irrt. .
I m businssmn. .
This is my luggg. .
? - Is this Moscow?
18
The gender of nouns
Russin nuns can be msulin, fminin r nutr. Yu hv nly mt
th first tw s fr. Usully yu n tll th gndr by th lst lttr f th
wrd.
ssssiv rnuns
The possessive pronouns / - my, nd / - yur gr
with th nun that thy rfr t. Hr thy r ithr msulin r fminin.
Masculine Feminine
/
Ths mn h r sh fr l, nd it whn rfrring t things.
! - Hello! wwww
English speakers sometimes find this hard to pronounce.
If you have a standard English accent, try thinking of your donkey!
Say Does your ass fit yer fairly quickly and slurring the first D.
The result is often very close to !.
19
EXERCISES 1
20
! READ! 1
wwww
5. According to this list, which airport(s) would you use for the www
USA, for Western Europe, for Siberia?
-1: wwww
, , ,
-2:
, -, ,
:
, ,
:
, , ,
,
:
, ,
21
! WRITE! 1
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
22
! LISTEN! 1
! SPEAK!
? - .
? - , .
? - .
? - !
? - !
Yu r t passport control.
n rsn lys th border
guard, th thr plays a visitr.
Th visitr n did whthr
t b turist (),
businss rsn ()
or any other profession that you
know the word for.
23
! 1
3. mmunitin tivity
This is fr gru f l wh r hving thir first Russin
lssn. First choose your profession from the following:
- journalist
- musician
- engineer
Then walk round the room, using Russian only, and try to find the
people who have the same job as you, using words you have
learned in this lesson.
- , , ?
- , .
- .
- !
- , ?
- , .
4. /
Make a collection of objects or picture cards.
They should be either masculine or feminine. There are some
pictures for you to use on the next page.
Ask each other questions and point when you give the answer.
- - - -
- - - -
- ?
- !
- ?
- !
5.
Using the pictures opposite, ask and answer questions such as:
- ?
- .
- - ?
- .
24
w www
1 2
8 9
10
25
EY TO THE EXERCISES
1 -
1. ) . ) . ) . ) . ) . ) . ) .
2. ) , . ) . ) , . ) . ) , .
) . ) . ) , .
3. - ? - . - . -
1 - !
1. - Luggage reclaim, - Transit, - Flight number,
- Red channel, - No Smoking,
- Passport control, - Check in, - Toilet,
- Souvenirs, - Exit, - Perfume shop,
- No exit.
2. Suggested answers: , , , , , .
3. Dollar, Pound, Rouble, Euro, Japanese yen, Chinese yuan, Indian rupee.
4. Ford, Renault, Mercedes, Lada, Fiat, Jaguar, Moskvich, BMW, Volvo, Citroen, Volga,
Cadillac, Toyota. - Lada, Moskvich, Volga.
5. Sheremetyevo-2, Domodyedovo.
1 - ! Richard Branson, Mary Smith, John Phillip Thomas.
1 - !
1. Passport, visa, declaration. 2. Tourism. 3. London, Cambridge, Birmingham,
Manchester, Windsor, Liverpool. 4. Yes.
26
LISTENING TEXTS
These are the texts of the listening exercises from each lesson. The dialogues are intended
for general comprehension practice. They include some grammar points you will not have
met in the lessons, and some new words which you will find in the dictionary.
1. A
ae: a cop, oca.
w 16
a: o..., oca.
ae: A e a eap?
a: o.
ae: a.. xopo. pxa A?
a: a.
ae: C a A?
a: p.
ae: ae opo oc?
a: o, oo. a . ... pe oo: p,
p, acep, op, ep...
ae: o ac aa?
a: Oa, cep, ooaap...
ae: o a cop. poxoe.
129
27
28
LISTENING TEXTS
These are the texts of the listening exercises from each lesson. The dialogues are intended
for general comprehension practice. They include some grammar points you will not have
met in the lessons, and some new words which you will find in the dictionary.
1. A
ae: a cop, oca.
w 16
a: o..., oca.
ae: A e a eap?
a: o.
ae: a.. xopo. pxa A?
a: a.
ae: C a A?
a: p.
ae: ae opo oc?
a: o, oo. a . ... pe oo: p,
p, acep, op, ep...
ae: o ac aa?
a: Oa, cep, ooaap...
ae: o a cop. poxoe.
2. A
: Cae oca, o o a e?
w 26
pox: o a.
: A ep Coca oca ae?
pox: e, . . A a ?
: e a c, o .
pox: a, o o o ep Coca.
e po, a c ao.
: Caco.
pox: a o.
-
.
29
w 32 3. C
a: epa, a o o ?
. epa: ? o e. C o cecp. e Capca.
e Capce cecp. A e c.
a: pa? Capca?! A a o cecp?
. epa: E o a... a epa. e e a e ea.
a: a a e a?
. epa: a, e a.
a: a epco!
w 38 4. ?
a: a, a ae, o?
: a, op.
a: oe a ae?
: , oo, e ..., o... Capc o po...
A a ae, o a oe? Capc...
o... ec... a! a, o op!
a: A e op?
: o , oa! e e e.
e op. e ca e, e oe?
a: ... oce... oce Xo.
: o ae o pa?
a: o pe. .
w 51 5. OCA
.C.: !
: xa Cepe? pce! o o oop.
.C.: o ? oc? o pe?
: Ce.
.C.: e ocaoc?
: oce apc. ee oc? O a Ape.
.C.: , pepco! o eae. a ac pa.
ac pec ec?
: a, pec ec.
.C.: pepco! ?
: ? . . 293 2526.
.C.: ! 293 2526. . o pa.
: o pa.
w 59 6.
a: a, a ac?
a: c?
a: ?
a: , cac. . a.
a: A ?
a: c , c .
a: , , . ... a, c, ca
c , ca, . c, a a - c.
a: A c !
a: a, c , , ca, .
30
7.
a: a, ?
w 69
a: A... a aa... a.
a: a... ?
a: ?! a-a-a... ! .
- c, Caca.
a: ? c? c! acca .
a: Cc , cc . ac .
a: , a c .
a: c...
8.
: A! ?
w 77
a: a, ?
: aa ?
a: ?
: ac c a a?
a: a a? Cac c. a, c a a a
ac . a ac . a !
: a ac ? , . A a c ?
a: a Ca.
: A c?
a: .
: ac c?
a: ac.
: . a. a .
a: .
9.
aa: a a, a ?! !
w 89
a: . , .
aa: ac ?
a ?
a: ...
aa: A, a! , a.
c?
a: C.
aa: aa, a a?
a: a, . ?
aa: . .
?
a: , . .
10.
aa: A! w 96
a: .
aa: . .
a: aa aa c c ca.
aa: a.
a: ca aa, a .
aa: ?
a: .
aa: ... A ac aa?
a: c . a A.
aa: a A? c!
a: . .
aa: . a a.
a .
a: ac . : 246-89-74.
31
RUSSIAN - ENGLISH DICTIONARY
This section contains the vocabulary in this book, and additional vocabulary used in the
Ruslan 1 multimedia CD-ROM, workbook and reader. Where words have more than one
meaning, the meaning(s) used in this course have been given.
and, but free (of charge)
airline business
Australia businessman / -person
/ - an Australian ticket
self-portrait to thank
administrator form
accordion near
actor pancake
allergy blouse
! Hello! (on the phone) dish, course (of a meal)
America rich
/ - an American big
American (adj.) hospital
pineapple beetroot soup
/ - Englishman / woman botanical
English (adj.) Brazilian
England brother
anecdote / joke British
questionnaire letter (character)
interval (theatre) , etc. will be
an orange bottle
aperitif snack bar
April former
Arabian (adj.) to be
argument (reason) budget
arithmetic bureau, office
army (+ acc.) to / into
artist (performing) (+ prep.) at / in
aspirin / Welshman / -woman
Afghan (adj.) waltz
airport hard currency
grandmother for you / to you
baggage Warsaw
badminton jam
balalaika you (object)
ballet your name is
balcony / etc. your
the Baltic suddenly
banana / - vegetarian
bank (money) everywhere
cash machine bicycle
bar veranda
drum evening
basketball (f.) thing, item
to run type / view
baseball video camera
white to see
Belgium visa
dress circle visiting card
free (of charge) wine
beef Stroganoff (f.) cello
bank (river etc.) tasty
32
together state (adj.)
downstairs / - citizen
attention nationality
grandson gram
granddaughter Greece
water Greek (adj.)
vodka / - a Georgian
reflexive Georgian (adj.)
to return Georgia
station (main) yes
Volga River () ... Let's ...
volleyball for a long time
question even
gates ...! Give ... !
eighteen far
eight Denmark
eighty darts
Sunday date
here is / there is dative
! Oh, really! to give
doctor dacha, summer house
time two
everybody / all twenty
always twelve
everything / all young lady
everything is OK ninety
(perf.) to insert nineteen
(perf.) to meet Father Frost
meeting / grandfather
Tuesday / - person on duty /
second attendant
yesterday really
you (polite or plural) December
(perf.) to choose declaration
luggage reclaim to do
exhibition business
exit (pedestrian) day
day off birthday
gas money
newspaper village / countryside
(m.) harmonica wooden
where (at) dessert
generator ten
Germany children
guitar kindergarten
guitarist dialogue
main sofa, couch
verb dictatorship
to say / to speak conductor (music)
year (+ gen.) for
Dutch (+ gen.) until / as far as / up to
Holland ! Good bye!
golf ! Good morning!
hill, mountain ! Good evening!
town rather, quite
hot (of food) document
living room doctor (form of address)
hotel for a long time
(m.) guest dollar
33
house / block of flats ! Hello!
dear / expensive zebra
achievement earth
daughter acquainted
friend / - acquaintance
another that means
friends Cinderella
to think zoo
shower and
uncle .. etc.
Europe to play
euro / euros idea
Egypt ! Go! / Come!
him to go (on foot)
his yen
unity (+ gen.) from
her (possessive) well-known
her (object) ! Excuse (me)!
to go (regularly, transport) icon
to her, for her caviare
to him, for him or
if imperative
to go (transport) first name
again / else industrial
New Year tree initiative
! What a pity! engineer
roasted / - foreigner
to wait instrument
then (adds emphasis) it is interesting
wife interesting
railroad (adj.) Internet
to get married (man) intimate
women's infinitive
a token inflation
to live information
journal Ireland
(-) journalist / - Irishman / woman
(perf.) to forget Irish (adj.)
(imp.) to start (something) Spain
tomorrow Spanish (adj.)
breakfast Italy
(perf.) to ask question Italian (adj.)
(perf.) to book their
(imp.) to book July
(perf.) to complete June
closed (+ dat.) towards
starter (food) to our place
hall (large room) unfortunately
in aspic office
note every, each
to get married (woman) it seems
/ - / - / - busy how
western ? How are things?
(perf.) to write down - once (upon a time)
(perf.) to fill in what kind of / which
protector calculator
to call, to phone fireplace
building Canada
here / - a Canadian
34
Canadian (adj.) ? What's the time?
canal detached house
card / map (m.) coffee
picture beautiful
card red
(m.) potato (the plant) credit (adj.)
potato (the food) (m.) kremlin, fortress
cascade (f.) fortress
cash desk armchair
cassette cruiser
cafe crisis
qualification criterion
flat xerox
drink made from rye who
bread or black bread Cuba
paraffin (adj.) where (to)
thin yoghurt cultured / cultural
kilogram (perf.) to buy
kilometre to smoke
the cinema course
cinema critic kitchen; cuisine
a cinema fine, all right
kiosk lamp
China left
Chinese (adj.) it is easy
cemetery forest
clown summer
clarinet lemon
classical lemonade
client lemon (adj.)
club to catch
key box (theatre)
book moon
book (adj.) better
carpet skis
when to love
salami (f.) love
colleague mausoleum
a well store, shop
business trip May
committee little, not much
commentary margarine
room March
- compact disk oil; butter
computer mother
of course (f.) furniture
consultant male nurse
double bass (m.) bear
(m.) control; check; test first aid point
to finish nurse (f.)
cognac international
Korea memorandum, memo
corridor manager
(m.) king menu
cosmonaut me
space my name is
campfire method
cat seat / place
meatball month
35
metro, underground natural
dream (daydream) to be located
police national
millionaire beginning
mineral to begin
! Just a minute! , , etc. our
minus not
demonstration, rally ! Don't!
for me / to me not far
a lot, many week
plural independence
mobile phone not allowed, must not
(f.) model (of a car etc.) / - a German
perhaps German (adj.)
it is possible a little bit
, , etc. my no
good boy / girl (f.) crude oil
! Well done! nothing / all right
young but
milk /- New Zealander
monastery New Zealand
frost new
ice cream (m.) zero
Moscow (adj.) hotel room / number
bridge November
motorcycle to please
to be able to ! well! (exclamation)
husband needed
man (+ prep.) about
museum about oneself
music dinner / main meal
musical to have dinner
musician exchange
we object
(+ acc.) to / onto usual
(+ prep.) at / on vegetables
by train, rail oatmeal porridge
in fact vegetable garden
outside clothing
probably one / alone
upstairs eleven
it is necessary one-room (adj.)
! Dont! lake
(f.) sign window
(perf.) to click, to press clear soup (cold, with kvas)
(go) back October
(perf.) to find he / it
name (of towns, etc.) she / it
at last it
to the left opera
written payment
a drink to pay for
to the right optimist
for example organ (instrument)
(+ gen.) opposite organisation
drug / drugs (narcotic) sturgeon
people to stay
peoples (+ gen.) from
present (time) / real reply, answer
36
to rest while / for now
father ! So long!
fatherland to buy
open polyclinic
excellent political
departure shelf
from here Polish (adj.)
patronymic name Poland
office tomato
/ - waiter / waitress to remember
very (f.) help
park Monday
stalls (theatre) to understand
partner it's time
perfume shop Portugal
passport (m.) briefcase
passport (adj.) order
passenger (+ gen.) after
small stuffed dumplings (perf.)
to have a look
first (perf.)
to build
translation to send
transportation then
break (from work etc.) because
perestroika is buried
side street why
pedestrian crossing post, post office
(above or below ground) postman
period almost
on foot post code
(f.) stove belt / zone
upright piano right (short adj.)
beer the truth
pie ? isn't it? / right?
writing (adj.) Pravda (the newspaper)
letter (correspondance) correct (adj.)
to swim holiday
plan / map practice
planet sentence (gram.) /
nephew proposal
niece President
it is bad wonderful
bad arrival
(f.) square a greeting
plus ! Hi!
(+ dat.) along to invite
- in English arrival (by transport)
- in Russian ! Come! (by transport)
on business (perf.) to arrive (by transport)
(+ gen.) in connection with adjective
victory arriving flight, arrival
was lucky ! Bring!
a present to accept
cellar to bring
(f.) signature printer
girlfriend entrance hall
train nice, pleasant
please / youre welcome problem
late provincial
! Lets go! (on foot) programme
37
programmer (+ instr.) with
programme (theatre) garden
continuation ! Sit down!
food products saxophone
project salad; lettuce
a pass samovar
to ask (a favour) a plane
(perf.) to listen self test
avenue sled
! Im sorry! boots
professional shed
occupation light (adj.) (color)
professor free (having freedom / vacant)
(perf.) to read ones own / my own etc.
! Come through! holy
/ - passer-by a saint
percent oneself
past (adj.) (sivodnya) today
straight ahead this evening
a play (theatre) a safe
fifteen a secret
Friday (m.) secretary
five secret (adj.)
fifty herring
work seminar
to work seventeen
glad seven
radio seventy
time, occasion family
Paradise September
early certificate
before sister
(perf.) to tell Siberian
revolution (f.) Siberia
registration / check-in system
flight ! Tell!
river to say
repairs ? how much?
reporter more quickly
restaurant ! Hurry up!
river (adj.) violin
Rome sweet (adj.)
/ - relative on the left
birth to follow
Christmas (m.) dictionary
(f.) role word
romantic to listen
Russia to hear
Russian audible
(m.) grand piano to look at
(m.) rouble to start with
rupee snow
Russian the Snowmaiden
fish to gather together
market cathedral
rucksack Soviet
a row quite
nearby content
(+ gen.) from juice
38
soloist theatre
nightingale text
soup from pickled or television tower
salted vegetables TV set
forty telegraph office
mobile phone telex
sauce telephone
bedroom tennis
thank you terminal
to sleep terminology
(m.) show now
specialist aunt
! Good night! typical
sponsor then, in that case
sport also
on the right only
to ask tomato (adj.)
Wednesday traditional
stadium tractor driver
station (small) tram
old transit
status three
wall thirty
poem thirteen
one hundred three hundred
to cost three-horse sleigh
table trolleybus
small table trombone
capital city trumpet / pipe
dining room labour
taxi rank toilet
country there (to)
page tourism
student / - tourist
female student you (familiar)
chair you have / at your home
chairs I have / at my home
stewardess comfortable / convenient
Saturday convenience / facility
souvenir pleasure
handbag (perf.) to find out
soup already
noun supper
bill to have supper
USA Ukraine
son / - a Ukrainian
cheese Ukrainian (adj.)
surprise street
display board in the street; outdoors
so / in this way to smile
also universal
taxi university
taxi driver exercise
public phone tired
there (at) morning
customs in the morning
customs officer teacher
cockroach female teacher
, etc. your (familiar) Wales
39
fax fur hat
fact chess
family name, last name shish kebab
February Switzerland
federation sixteen
firm six
flag sixty
flute school
foyer chocolate
camera /- Scotsman / -woman
photograph Scotland
France driver
French piece
a fruit Nutcracker
fruit (adj.) cabbage soup
pound economy
football economist
football player expert
bread express
to go (regularly, by foot) electricity
economy email
ice hockey escalator
fridge floor (e.g. first floor)
cold (adj.) , , etc. this
choir effect
good yuan (Chinese currency)
it is good / OK humour
to wnt lawyer
temple I
art (adj.) apple
tsar berry
colour(-ed) (adj.) January
a flower Japan
(f.) purpose Japanese (adj.)
cement circle (in the theatre)
centre
central
circus
numeral
young chicken
tea
an hour / one 'clock
time zone
often
(pl.) clock, watch
person
suitcase
champion
attic
black
Thursday
four
fourteen
date / number
to read
reading
what / that
...? What is ...?
champagne
40