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PHYSICS PROJECT
Topic: Laser .
Submitted To : Shweta Mishra.
Submitted By : Vishwa Rana.
Class : 12th- A.
Roll No. : 14.
certificate
Teacher Signature
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all , I heartily thank my physics Teacher ,
_________________for her incomparable efforts,
support and constant cooperation indeed towards me
in the completion of this project. He has also been
the vital source of encouragement for me through the
working of this project. Finally I would also grateful
to my friends and parents who devoted their
auspicious time in completion of this project.
5)Laser Pointer:A laser pointer or laser pen is a small handheld device with a power
source (usually a battery) and a laser diode emitting a very narrow coherent low-
powered laser beam of visible light, intended to be used to highlight something of
interest by illuminating it with a small bright spot of colored light.
6)LED :A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor device that emits visible light
when an electric current passes through it.
7) Battery :A container consisting of one or more cells, in which chemical energy is
converted into electricity and used as a source of power.
co .
8) Wire : Metal drawn out into the form of a thin flexible thread or rod. That
connects
different components in a circuit .
9) Buzzer : An electrical device that makes a buzzing noise and is used for
signalling.
10) Battery Clip: It is the thing with two studs on it, it provides an electrical
11)CAPACITOR : A device used to store an electric charge, consisting of one or
more pairs of conductors separated by an insulator.
I
NTRODUCTION
We know laser light goes through long distancewithout scattering effect. Its
also visible only at sourceand incident point, otherwise invisible.
When any personor object crossover the laser line the security alarm
willringing and also the focus light will on to focus the
Experimental Setup
1) Connect a photocell to a 5K resistor. This will pick up the laser
light and enable the alarm.
2) Use a 2N7000 transistor to link the resistor, a 1uF 63v capacitor,
a
5v siren and a 9v battery clip. The attached schematic should
demonstrate how the parts come together. Use an breadboard to
hold them in place and make sure the board is small enough to fit
into a project box. Do not connect the battery yet.
3) Use tape, glue, or strips of velcro to mount the two project boxes
on either side of the door you wish to protect.
5) Turn the laser on with the toggle switch and make sure it lines up
perfectly with the photo cell. The alarm is now activated. If
anything breaks the beam, the siren will go off.
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Working
1) This circuit is based on LDR (Light Depended
Resistor), a variable resistor in which the resistance
varies according to the light intensity falling on it.
2) The LDR and resistor R1 forms a potential divider
network, which is the main part of our security alarm
circuit.
3) We have already discussed about how transistor acts
as a switch, the same principle is used here.
4) The voltage drop across the LDR is used to drive the
transistor switch. When the voltage drop is above
cut in voltage (0.6V), the transistor is turned ON.
5) LDR has low resistance (m range) in the presence
of light and high resistance (M range) in the
absence of light.
6) In our security alarm, a LASER light is allowed to fall
on the LDR continuously using 3 mirrors (see the
project arrangement figure).
7) Light from other sources should not be allowed to
fall on the LDR, so place the LDR in a box with a
single hole to pass LASER.
8) In this situation, the resistance offered by LDR is
too low, since the LASER light is continuously allowed
to fall on the LDR surface.
9) Thus the voltage drop across the LDR is also low
[V=IR (Ohms law)] which is insufficient to turn ON
the transistor, so the transistor remains in OFF
state.
10) When a person (eg: thief) makes a block to the
continuous flow of LASER beam, then the light
falling on the LDR gets blocked. Thus its resistance
increases to a high value in the order of M range
(According to Ohms law V=IR).
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The laser
security
systems are
not strong
beam widths.
Which are
used in the
cutting
devices.
4)Other Uses Of Laser Security Systems :
The Laser security systems are high tech
innovations that have gained popularity in
home and office
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Conclusion
Home security is rapidly growing field
and there are new & improved burglar
alarms popping up everyday.
With rapid advancement of technology
the filled is turning out to be an area
full of scope and new changes can be
made to make its more efficient.
It has years to come, because security
is of prime
importance to one
and all.
Thank you