IAETSD JOURNAL FOR ADVANCED RESEARCH IN APPLIED SCIENCES ISSN NO: 2394-8442

ECONOMICAL CONCRETE BY UTILIZING SCBA AND

CERAMIC WASTE

Sagar W. Dhengare1, Dr. Ajay L. Dandge2, Harshal R. Nikhade3,

Monali Wagh (Nikhade) 4, Anshul R. Nikhade5
1,2,3,4 Prof.,
C.E. Dept, Yeshwantrao Chavan College of Engineering, Nagpur
5 Prof., C.E. Dept, Karmaveer Dadasaheb Kannamwar College of Engineering, Nagpur
sdhengare@gmail.com

ABSTRACT : The increasing demand and consumption of concrete led the researchers and scientist to search for
alternate components in concrete that are ecofriendly and contribute towards waste management. The utilization of
industrial and agricultural waste product in concrete has been a major step on waste reduction. Ceramicwaste and
Sugarcane bagasse ashcan by effectivilyused in concrete as partial replacement of Aggregate and Cement respectively
because of their high content of silica and pozzolanic properties which plays an important role in achieving high strength
and durability in concrete. In this paper, Sugarcane Bagasse Ash and Ceramic waste are used as partial replacement of
cement and Coarse aggregate respectively in 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% by weight in M-25 and M-35 grade concrete. Their
Compressive, Tensile and flexural strength are compared after curing for 7 and 28 days to determine the feasible extent of
their usage in concrete.

Keywords: Sugarcane Bagasse ash (SCBA), Ceramic waste, ceramic tiles, Economic concrete, waste management

1. INTRODUCTION
Lack of availibility of resources is a major threat faced in India. For the past decade, the rapid advancement of technology
and exponential growth of human population resulted into emergence of a major problem which is the proper and safe
waste management. The growing human needs have cause a vast increase in waste generated by Construction and
Demolition which contributes highest among the waste generated in the world whichis about 75% of total waste
generated. The sugarcane is one of the major cropgrown in many countries which produce sugar ultimately resulting in the
generation of sugarcane bagasse ash. Millions of tons of sugarcane bagasse ash are only used as a land filling since there is
no better alternative of their proper disposal. In the conventional-concrete, Cment, Sand and Aggregate are the main
components their for their respective prpertiesplays an important role in difining the thestrength and durability of the
concrete. For durable and high strength concrete, good quality of materials are required which contributes to their
individual properties in determination of quality of final Product
.
1.1 Sugarcane Bagasse Ash (SCBA)

Agricultural and industrial by-products are commonly used in concrete production as cement replacement materials or as
admixtures to enhance both fresh and hardened properties of concrete as well as to save the environment from the
adverse effects caused by their disposal. Approximately 1900 Million tons of sugarcane is annually produced over all the
world. Brazil being the first producing 739 million tons followed by India producing 340 million tons. Thus leaving about
40-45 % bagasse after juice crushing for sugar industry giving an average annual production of 800 Million tons of bagasse
as a waste material [2]. The proper management of industrial and agricultural waste produced by industrial processes has
been the focus of waste reduction research for economical, environmental, health and technical reasons. Sugarcane bagasse
ash (SCBA) is one of the main by product which can be used as mineral admixture in concrete due to its high content in
silica (SiO2).

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IAETSD JOURNAL FOR ADVANCED RESEARCH IN APPLIED SCIENCES ISSN NO: 2394-8442

1.2 Ceramic Waste

Construction and Demolition (C&D) wastes contribute the highest percentage of wastes worldwide (75%). Further more,
ceramic materials contribute the highest percentage of wastes within the C&D wastes (54%) [3]. Ceramic materials
Comprises of ceramictiles and other ceramic products, contribute the highest percentage of wastes with in the C&D
wastes. The current practice of disposal for the ceramic waste island filling Research conducted on the possibility of waste
clay materials being used as pozzolanic additions indicated that the activation of clay to become pozzolanic begins during
dehydration process, which initiates when heating clay from a round 500C, and the separation of amorphous and very
Active aluminum oxide. The temperature required to reach maximum concentrations of the aluminum oxide may vary
depending upon the type of minerals present in the clay. During the making of ceramics, clay is heated at relatively high
temperatures[3]. Hence it can be concluded wastes from the ceramic industry possess characteristics suitable for use in
concrete as pozzolanic materials.

2. MATERIALS USED
2.1 Cement
Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) was used in the experimental work which is conforming to I.S 4031-1988.The
O.P.C is classified into three grades, those are 33grade, 43grade and 53 grade, depending upon the strength of the cement.
In this experiment 43grade cement is used.

2.2 Fine Aggregate

Locally available sand which is free from debris is used as fine aggregate. The sand particles should also pack to
give minimum void ratio, higher voids content leads to requierment of more mixing water. In the experiment the sand
conforms to zone II asper the Indian standards. The specificgravityof sandis 2.68. The sandfrom 4.75 mm to150 micron
are termedas fine aggregate and the bulkdensityof fine aggregate (loose state) is 1493.16kg/m3and rodded state is
1598.79kg/m3.

2.3 Coarse Aggregate

The crushed aggregates used were of 20mm nominal maximum size. The specific gravity of the coarse aggregate
which were used in the experimentis 2.86 the bulkdensity of coarseaggregate (loose state) is 1687.49kg/m3 and rodded
state is 1970.46kg/m3.

2.4 Water
Clean drinkable water free from any organic or inorganic impurity which was available in college campus was used
in the experiment.

2.5 Sugarcane Bagasse Ash

The sugarcane bagasse consists of approximately 50% of cellulose, 25% of hemicelluloses and 25% of lignin. Each
ton of sugarcane generates approximately 26% of bagasse (at a moisture content of 50%) and 0.62% of residual ash [4]. The
residue ash after combustion presents a chemical composition which contains high amount of silicon dioxide (SiO2) as
shown in table 1. The SCBA used in this experiment were collected from a Purti Sakhar Karkhana, Borkhedi, Nagpur. The
sugarcane bagasse ash was sieved through 300 micron sieve before mixing.

Table 1- Composition of SCBA[4]

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IAETSD JOURNAL FOR ADVANCED RESEARCH IN APPLIED SCIENCES ISSN NO: 2394-8442

Figure 1- Sugarcane Bagasse Ash

2.6 Ceramic Waste

Clay, whichis the mostly used material in the making of ceramics products, is not naturally a pozzolanic material.
This is because it does not have silicate properties which can react with water to form calcium hydroxide in the production
of concrete. The Ceramic tile waste used in this experiment were collected from local construction Sites.

3. EXPERIMENTAL WORK
In this experiment our target was to dtermine the effects of using SCBA and Ceramic waste as a partial replacement of
Cement and Coarse Aggregate respectively in concrete. A total of 144 Concrete samples of M25 and M35 grade were made
and cured. Basedupon the quantities of ingredient of the mixes, the quantities of SCBA and Ceramicwastefor 0%, 5%,
10% and 15% replacement by weight were estimated. The ingredients of concrete were thoroughly mixed in mixer
machine uniformly till thorough consistency was achieved. Before casting, machine oil was applied on the inner surfaces of
the cast iron mould. Concrete was then poured into the moulds and compacted thoroughly using table vibrator. The top
surface was finished by means of trowel. The specimens were removed from the mould after 24 hours and then cured in
water for a period of 7 and 28 days. The specimens were taken out from the curing tank just prior to the test. The tests for
compressive, tensile strength were conducted using compression testing machine, for flexural strength 2 point load
machine was used. These tests were conducted as per the relevant Indian Standard specifications.

4. EXPERIMENT RESULTS
4.1 Compression Test
To determine the compressive strength of the M25 and M35 mix a total of 48 cubes were cast with dimension
150mm x 150mm x 150mm as per IS 516-1959. The table 2 and table 3 shows variation of compressive strength of M-25
and M-35 concrete mix.

Table 2 Compressive Strength after 7 days and 28 days

Mix Samp % of % of 7 day 28 day

le SCB Cerami Compress Compressi
Grou A c waste ive ve
p Strength Strength
(N/mm2) (N/mm2)
A-1 0 0 17.3 26.2
M- A-2 5 5 18.32 27.73
25 A-3 10 10 19.6 28.91
A-4 15 15 22.66 28.12
B-1 0 0 18.88 36.4
M- B-2 5 5 19.12 37.11
35 B-3 10 10 23.4 39.23
B-4 15 15 28.3 38.96

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IAETSD JOURNAL FOR ADVANCED RESEARCH IN APPLIED SCIENCES ISSN NO: 2394-8442

Figure 2: Comparison of FlexuralStrength

M-25 after 7
days

M-25 after 28
days

M-35 after
7days

M-35 after 28
days

4.2 Splitting Tensile strength

To determine the Split tensile strength of the M25 and M35 mix Concrete with and without partial replacements 48
concrete Cylinders were made of size 150mm x 300mm. The result of the tests are as shown in the table 3.

Table 3 Split Tensile Strength after 7 days

Mix Sample % of % of 7 day Split 28 day Split

Group SCBA Ceramic Tensile Tensile
waste Strength Strength
(N/mm2) (N/mm2)
A-1 0 0 1.98 2.79
M-25 A-2 5 5 2.19 2.82
A-3 10 10 2.40 2.95
A-4 15 15 2.54 2.86
B-1 0 0 2.37 3.21
M-35 B-2 5 5 2.41 3.37
B-3 10 10 2.63 3.53
B-4 15 15 2.81 3.41

Figure 3: Comparison of FlexuralStrength

M-25 after 7
days

M-25 after 28
days

M-35 after
7days

M-35 after 28
days

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IAETSD JOURNAL FOR ADVANCED RESEARCH IN APPLIED SCIENCES ISSN NO: 2394-8442

4.3 Flexural Strength

To determine the Flexural strength of the M25 and M35 mix Concrete with and without partial replacements 48
concrete Beams were made of size 100mm x 100mm x 500mm. Two point loading system was used for this test The result
of the tests are as shown in the table 4.

Table 4: Flexural Strength after 7 and 28 days

Mix Sampl % of % of 7 day 28 day

e SCBA Cerami flexural Flexural
Group c waste Strengt Strengt
h h
(N/mm (N/mm
2) 2)

A-1 0 0 3.2 4.1

M- A-2 5 5 3.83 5.21
25 A-3 10 10 4.8 6.12
A-4 15 15 4.16 5.45
B-1 0 0 3.8 5.38
M- B-2 5 5 4.98 6.92
35 B-3 10 10 6.51 8.27
B-4 15 15 5.57 7.48

Figure 4: Comparison of FlexuralStrength

M-25 after 7
days
M-25 after 28
days
M-35 after 7days

M-35 after 28
days

5. DISCUSSION
5.1 Compressive Strength
The compressive strength of the concrete mix for M-25 and M-35 with partial replacement of cement and Coarse
aggregate by SCBA and Ceramic waste respectively showed higher Strength after 7 and 28 days. The 7 days strength of mix
with 15% partial replacement showed higher strength compared to other mixes while the 28 days strength of the mix with
10% partial replacement showed higher compressive strength.

5.2 Split Tensile Strength

The Split Tensile strength of the concrete mix for M-25 and M-35 with partial replacement of cement and Coarse
aggregate by SCBA and Ceramic waste respectively showed higher Strength against splitting after 7 and 28 days. The 7
days Split tensile strength of mix with 15% partial replacement showed higher strength compared to other mixes while the
28 days Split tensile strength of the mix with 10% partial replacement was higher among all the mix.

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5.3 Flexural Strength

The Flexural strength of the concrete mix for M-25 and M-35 with partial replacement of cement and Coarse
aggregate by SCBA and Ceramic waste respectively showed higher Flexural Strength after 7 and 28 days. The 7 days and
28 days Flexural strength of mix with 10% partial replacement showed higher strength compared to other mixes.

6. CONCLUSIONS

1. There has been an increase in Compressive, Split Tensile and Flexural strength after partial replacement of
cement and coarse aggregate by Sugarcane Bagasse Ash and Ceramic Waste.
2. The 7 days strength of the 15% partial replacement mix showed higher strength in compression and Split
tensilestrength.
3. The 28 days Strength of the Concrete mix with 10% partial replacement showedhighest Compressive, Split
Tensile and Flexuralstrength.
4. The water requirement to produce the workable mix wasslightlyhighersinceceramictilesabsorbs water.
5. The cost of producing Concrete mix with inclusion of SCBA and Ceramicwaste as partial replacement
canbedecreased by 20-25%.
6. Since the high flexural is achieved this method can be adopted for pavement and road construction.

7. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Our sincere thanks to the Civil Dept., YCCE who have contributed immensely towards the developement of this
work.

REFERENCES
1. MdDaniyal, Shakeel Ahmad (2015). "Application of Waste Ceramic Tile Aggregates in Concrete". International Journal of Innovative
Research in Science, Engineering and Technology 2319-8753.
2. Chintan.M. Patel, Prof. N.N. Chinwala (2016). "An Experimental Study on Bagasse Ash in High Strength Concrete". International
Journal of AdvanceResearch in Engineering, Science &Technology2393-9877.
3. O. Zimbili, W. Salim, M. Ndambuki (2014). "A Review on the Usage of Ceramic Wastes in Concrete Production". World Academy of
Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Civil, Environmental, Structural, Construction and Architectural
Engineering Vol:8, No:1.
4. Mrs.U.R.Kawade1, Mr.V.R.Rathi2, Miss Vaishali D. Girge (2013). "Effect of use of Bagasse Ash on Strength of Concrete".
International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology 2319-8753
5. IS 10262: 2009, Indian Standard, recommended guidelines for concrete mix designs, Bureau of Indian Standard, New Delhi.
6. IS: 516-1959, "Method of tests for strength of concrete, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, 1959.
7. IS: 81121989, Specification for 43grade Ordinary Portland Cement, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, 1989.

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