MATH 313

Midterm 3 Practice Exam

Part I: Multiple Choice Questions: Choose the best answer for each
multiple choice question. Fill in the box completely for the the correct answer.

1. What is the dimension of the subspace spanned by the vectors

1 1 5 2

2 2 2
, , , 0 ?

3 2 10 1

4 2 8 1

(a) 0
(b) 1
(c) 2
(d) 3
(e) 4

2. If A is a 5 3 matrix, which statements below are TRUE? Mark all

that apply.

(a) The largest the rank could be is 5.

(b) The largest the dimension the row space could be is 3.
(c) The largest the dimension the null space could be is 3.
(d) The smallest the dimension the null space could be is 0.
(e) The smallest the dimension the null space could be is 2.

1
3. Let A be a real-valued 2 2 matrix with an eigenvector given by
 
1+i
v= .
2

Which of the following is also an eigenvector of A? Mark ALL that

apply.
 
1 i
(a)
2
 
1i
(b)
2
 
2
(c)
2 2i
 
1
(d)
1+i
 
1
(e)
1i

4. Find a, b if the vectors [4, 8, 8]T , [0, 5, 5]T , [4, a, b]T form an or-
thogonal set.

(a) a = 1, b = 1
(b) a = 1, b = 1
(c) a = 1, b = 1
(d) a = 2, b = 2
(e) a = 2, b = 2
(f) a = 2, b = 2

2
5. Let U be an 6 4 matrix with orthonormal columns. Which of the
following are true? Mark all that apply.

(a) The rank of U is 6

(b) Columns of U form a basis of R4
(c) U has four linearly independent rows
(d) The null space of U is the trivial subspace {0} in R4
(e) Each column of U has length 1
(f) Col(U T ) has dimension 4

6. Let U be an m n matrix with orthonormal columns and let x, y be

in Rn . Which of the following are true? Mark all that apply.

(a) (U x) (U y) = x y
(b) U x = x
(c) U U T = I
(d) U T U x = x
(e) If U x is orthogonal to U y then x is orthogonal to y
(f) Given orthogonal vectors x, y, the vectors U x and U y need not
be orthogonal to each other.

7. Find the distance from y to the subspace spanned by v1 and v2 , where

6 1 3
y = 12 , v1 = 3 , v2 = 1
8 1 0

(a) 134

(b) 110
(c) 52

(d) 646

(e) 523
(f) 13

3
  
1 1
8. Let A = . Then, the matrix P that diagonalizes A is given by
2 2
 
1 1
(a)
2 1
 
1 2
(b)
1 1
 
2 1
(c)
2 1
 
1 1
(d)
1 1
 
1 1
(e)
1 1
 
1 1
(f)
1 1
T
9. 
Find the closest
 point to y = [4, 2, 9] in the row space of U =
1 3 1
5 1 2

1
(a) [17, 13, 11]T
3
1
(b) [5, 7, 16]T
3
1
(c) [2, 6, 3]T
2
1
(d) [1, 13, 2]T
2
1
(e) [1, 1, 2]T
11
1
(f) [3, 1, 1]T
11

4
Part II: Free Response:

1. Find a basis for the Col A, Row A, and Nul A for

2 3 6 2 5
A = 2 3 3 3 4 .
2 3 3 4 1

5
2. Find all eigenvalues and a basis for each eigenspace of the matrix

4 0 1
2 1 0
2 0 1

6
3. Show that y p is orthogonal to p where p is the orthogonal projection
of y = [2, 4, 1]T onto the vector u = [1, 3, 0].

7
4. 
Findan orthogonal matrix with its first column parallel to the vector
a
where a, b are not both zero.
b

8
5. Find the best approximation to z by vectors of the form c1 v1 + c2 v2 ,
where
19 1 2
z= 3 , v1 =
0 , v2 = 1

11 1 2

9
  
1 2 0
6. Suppose that A = P DP , where P is a 2 2 matrix and D = .
0 7
Let B = 5I 3A + A2 . Show that B is diagonalizable by finding a
suitable factorization of B.

10
Part III: Proofs:

1. Suppose that T : V W is a one-to-one and onto linear transforma-

tion. Show that dim(V ) = dim(W ).

2. Let U be a square n n matrix with orthonormal columns. Prove that

det(U T ) = 1

3. Prove that if A is an m n matrix and rank A = n, then the linear

transformation x 7 Ax is one-to-one.

4. (a) If {v1 , v2 , , vn } is a set of eigenvectors of an n n matrix A

with corresponding eigenvectors 1 , 2 , n and P is the matrix
with columns v1 , v2 , vn , then show

AP = P D,

where D is a diagonal nn matrix with diagonal entries 1 , 2 , n .

(b) Use the previous part of this problem to show the following:
If an n n matrix A has n linearly independent eigenvectors then
A is diagonalizable.

5. Prove that if is an eigenvalue of the invertible matrix A with cor-

responding eigenvector v then 1/ is an eigenvalue of A1 with corre-
sponding eigenvector v.

6. Show that for a subspace W , if x is in both W and W then x = 0.

7. Let U be an m n matrix with orthonormal columns. Prove that

(U x) (U x) = kxk2 for any vector x in Rn .

8. Let v be an eigenvector of a real-valued n n matrix A corresponding

to eigenvalue . Show that v is an eigenvalue of A with eigenvalue .

11
 SOLUTIONS
Multiple Choice: 1) (d) 2) (b), (c), and (d) 3) (a),(b),(c),(d),(e) 4) (c) 5)
(c),(d), (e), and (f) 6) (a), (d), and (e) 7) (b) 8) (a) 9) (a)
Free Response: 1) Reduces to

2 3 0 0 9
0 0 3 0 4 .
0 0 0 1 3

Basis for Col A is

2 6 2
2 , 3 , 3
2 3 4

Basis for Row A is

2 0 0

3 0 0




0 , 3 , 0



0 0 1


9 4 3

Basis for Nul A is

3/2 9/2

1 0




0 , 4/3



0 3


0 1


0 1 1
2) = 1, 2, 3 with bases 1 , 2 , 1 resp.
0 2 1
3) The orthogonal projection p of y = [2, 4, 1]T onto the vector u =
[1, 3, 0] is given by

1 1
uy 10
p= u= 3 = 3
uu 10
0 0

12

3 3 1
y p = 1 , (y p) p = 1 3 = 0
1 1 0
4)  
1 a b
U=
a2 + b 2 b a
5) v1 v2 = 0 so the vectors are orthogonal. Denoting the best approxi-
mation c1 v1 + c2 v2 by z, the vector z z is orthogonal to the span of v1 , v2 ,
so the best approximation to z is

(z c1 v1 c2 v2 ) v1 = 0
8 = c1 (2) + 0 c1 = 4
(z c1 v1 c2 v2 ) v2 = 0
63 = c2 (9) c2 = 7
so

18
z = 4v1 + 7v2 = 7
10
6) Note that B = 5I 3P DP 1 + P D2 P 1 = P (5I)P

1
3P DP 1 +
3 0
P D2 P 1 = P (5I 3D + D2 )P 1 = P SP 1 where S = so that B
0 33
is similar to the matrix S.

13