Part Number: 1915

Part Title: Occup. Safety and Health Standards for Shipyard Employment
Subpart: H
Subpart Title: Tools and Related Equipment
Standard
1915.131
Number:
Title: General precautions.
GPO Source: e-CFR

The provisions of this section shall apply to ship repairing, shipbuilding and shipbreaking.

1915.131(a)

Hand lines, slings, tackles of adequate strength, or carriers such as tool bags with shoulder
straps shall be provided and used to handle tools, materials, and equipment so that employees
will have their hands free when using ship's ladders and access ladders. The use of hose or
electric cords for this purpose is prohibited.

1915.131(b)

When air tools of the reciprocating type are not in use, the dies and tools shall be removed.

1915.131(c)

All portable, power-driven circular saws shall be equipped with guards above and below the base
plate or shoe. The upper guard shall cover the saw to the depth of the teeth, except for the
minimum arc required to permit the base to be tilted for bevel cuts. The lower guard shall cover
the saw to the depth of the teeth, except for the minimum arc required to allow proper retraction
and contact with the work. When the tool is withdrawn from the work, the lower guard shall
automatically and instantly return to the covering position.

1915.131(d)

The moving parts of machinery on a dry dock shall be guarded.

1915.131(e)

Before use, pneumatic tools shall be secured to the extension hose or whip by some positive
means to prevent the tool from becoming accidentally disconnected from the whip.

1915.131(f)

The moving parts of drive mechanisms, such as gearing and belting on large portable tools, shall
be adequately guarded.

1915.131(g)
Headers, manifolds and widely spaced hose connections on compressed air lines shall bear the
word "air" in letters at least 1- inch high, which shall be painted either on the manifolds or
separate hose connections, or on signs permanently attached to the manifolds or connections.
Grouped air connections may be marked in one location.

1915.131(h)

Before use, compressed air hose shall be examined. Visibly damaged and unsafe hose shall not
be used.

[67 FR 44543, July 3, 2002]

Part Number: 1915

Part Title: Occup. Safety and Health Standards for Shipyard Employment
Subpart: H
Subpart Title: Tools and Related Equipment
Standard
1915.132
Number:
Title: Portable electric tools.
GPO Source: e-CFR

The provisions of this section shall apply to ship repairing, shipbuilding and shipbreaking except
that paragraph (e) of this section applies to ship repairing only.
1915.132(a)

The frames of portable electric tools and appliances, except double insulated tools approved by
Underwriters' Laboratories, shall be grounded either through a third wire in the cable containing
the circuit conductors or through a separate wire which is grounded at the source of the current.
1915.132(b)

Grounding circuits, other than by means of the structure of the vessel on which the tool is being
used, shall be checked to ensure that the circuit between the ground and the grounded power
conductor has resistance which is low enough to permit sufficient current to flow to cause the
fuse or circuit breaker to interrupt the current.
1915.132(c)

Portable electric tools which are held in the hand shall be equipped with switches of a type which
must be manually held in the closed position.
1915.132(d)

Worn or frayed electric cables shall not be used.

1915.132(e)

The employer shall notify the officer in charge of the vessel before using electric power tools
operated with the vessel's current.
Part Number: 1915
Part Title: Occup. Safety and Health Standards for Shipyard Employment
Subpart: H
Subpart Title: Tools and Related Equipment
Standard
1915.133
Number:
Title: Hand tools.
GPO Source: e-CFR
The provisions of this section shall apply to ship repairing, shipbuilding and shipbreaking.
1915.133(a)

Employers shall not issue or permit the use of unsafe hand tools.
1915.133(b)

Wrenches, including crescent, pipe, end and socket wrenches, shall not be used when jaws are
sprung to the point that slippage occurs.
1915.133(c)

Impact tools, such as drift pins, wedges, and chisels, shall be kept free of mushroomed heads.
1915.133(d)

The wooden handles of tools shall be kept free of splinters or cracks and shall be kept tight in the
tool.
Part Number: 1915
Part Title: Occup. Safety and Health Standards for Shipyard Employment
Subpart: H
Subpart Title: Tools and Related Equipment
Standard
1915.134
Number:
Title: Abrasive wheels.
GPO Source: e-CFR

This section shall apply to ship repairing, shipbuilding and shipbreaking.

1915.134(a)

Floor stand and bench mounted abrasive wheels used for external grinding shall be provided
with safety guards (protection hoods). The maximum angular exposure of the grinding wheel
periphery and sides shall be not more than 90 degrees, except that when work requires contact
with the wheel below the horizontal plane of the spindle, the angular exposure shall not exceed
125 degrees. In either case the exposure shall begin not more than 65 degrees above the
horizontal plane of the spindle. Safety guards shall be strong enough to withstand the effect of a
bursting wheel.

1915.134(b)

Floor and bench mounted grinders shall be provided with work rests which are rigidly supported
and readily adjustable. Such work rests shall be kept a distance not to exceed 1/8 inch from the
surface of the wheel.

1915.134(c)

Cup type wheels used for external grinding shall be protected by either a revolving cup guard or
a band type guard in accordance with the provisions of the United States of America Standard
Safety Code for the Use, Care, and Protection of Abrasive Wheels, B7.1-1964. All other portable
abrasive wheels used for external grinding shall be provided with safety guards (protection
hoods) meeting the requirements of paragraph (e) of this section, except as follows:

1915.134(c)(1)

When the work location makes it impossible, in which case a wheel equipped with safety flanges
as described in paragraph (f) of this section shall be used.

1915.134(c)(2)

When wheels 2 inches or less in diameter which are securely mounted on the end of a steel
mandrel are used.

1915.134(d)

Portable abrasive wheels used for internal grinding shall be provided with safety flanges
(protection flanges) meeting the requirements of paragraph (f) of this section, except as follows:

1915.134(d)(1)

When wheels 2 inches or less in diameter which are securely mounted on the end of a steel
mandrel are used.

1915.134(d)(2)

If the wheel is entirely within the work being ground while in use.

1915.134(e)

When safety guards are required, they shall be so mounted as to maintain proper alignment with
the wheel, and the guard and its fastenings shall be of sufficient strength to retain fragments of
the wheel in case of accidental breakage. The maximum angular exposure of the grinding wheel
periphery and sides shall not exceed 180 degrees.

1915.134(f)

When safety flanges are required, they shall be used only with wheels designed to fit the flanges.
Only safety flanges of a type and design and properly assembled so as to insure that the pieces
of the wheel will be retained in case of accidental breakage shall be used.

1915.134(g)

All abrasive wheels shall be closely inspected and ring tested before mounting to ensure that
they are free from cracks or defects.

1915.134(h)

Grinding wheels shall fit freely on the spindle and shall not be forced on. The spindle nut shall be
tightened only enough to hold the wheel in place.

1915.134(i)

The power supply shall be sufficient to maintain the rated spindle speed under all conditions of
normal grinding. The rated maximum speed of the wheel shall not be exceeded.
1915.134(j)

All employees using abrasive wheels shall be protected by eye protection equipment in
accordance with the requirements of Subpart I of this part except when adequate eye protection
is afforded by eye shields which are permanently attached to the bench or floor stand.

[61 FR 26321, May 24, 1996; 67 FR 44543, July 3, 2002]

Part Number: 1915

Part Title: Occup. Safety and Health Standards for Shipyard Employment
Subpart: H
Subpart Title: Tools and Related Equipment
Standard
1915.135
Number:
Title: Powder actuated fastening tools.
GPO Source: e-CFR

1915.135(a)

The section shall apply to ship repairing and shipbuilding only.

1915.135(b)

General precautions.
1915.135(b)(1)

Powder actuated fastening tools shall be tested each day before loading to ensure that the safety
devices are in proper working condition. Any tool found not to be in proper working order shall be
immediately removed from service until repairs are made.
1915.135(b)(2)

Powder actuated fastening tools shall not be used in an explosive or flammable atmosphere.
1915.135(b)(3)

All tools shall be used with the type of shield or muzzle guard appropriate for a particular use.
1915.135(b)(4)

Fasteners shall not be driven into very hard or brittle materials such as cast iron, glazed tile,
surface hardened steel, glass block, live rock, face brick or hollow title.
..1915.135(b)(5)
1915.135(b)(5)

Fasteners shall not be driven into soft materials unless such materials are backed by a
substance that will prevent the pin or fastener from passing completely through and creating a
flying missile hazard on the opposite side.
1915.135(b)(6)

Unless a special guard, fixture or jig is used, fasteners shall not be driven directly into materials
such as brick or concrete within 3 inches of the unsupported edge or corner, or into steel
surfaces within 1/2 inch of the unsupported edge or corner. When fastening other material, such
as 2 x 4 inch lumber to a concrete surface, fasteners of greater than 7/32 inch shank diameter
shall not be used and fasteners shall not be driven within 2 inches of the unsupported edge or
corner of the work surface.
1915.135(b)(7)
Fasteners shall not be driven through existing holes unless a positive guide is used to secure
accurate alignment.
1915.135(b)(8)

No attempt shall be made to drive a fastener into a spalled area caused by an unsatisfactory
fastening.
1915.135(b)(9)

Employees using powder actuated fastening tools shall be protected by personal protective
equipment in accordance with the requirements of subpart I of this part.
1915.135(c)

Instruction of operators. Before employees are permitted to use powder actuated tools, they shall
have been thoroughly instructed by a competent person with respect to the requirements of
paragraph (b) of this section and the safe use of such tools as follows:
..1915.135(c)(1)
1915.135(c)(1)

Before using a tool, the operator shall inspect it to determine that it is clean, that all moving parts
operate freely and that the barrel is free from obstructions.
1915.135(c)(2)

When a tool develops a defect during use, the operator shall immediately cease to use it and
shall notify his supervisor.
1915.135(c)(3)

Tools shall not be loaded until just prior to the intended firing time and the tool shall not be left
unattended while loaded.
1915.135(c)(4)

The tool, whether loaded or empty, shall not be pointed at any person, and hands shall be kept
clear of the open barrel end.
1915.135(c)(5)

In case of a misfire, the operator shall hold the tool in the operating position for at least 15
seconds and shall continue to hold the muzzle against the work surface during disassembly or
opening of the tool and removal of the powder load.
1915.135(c)(6)

Neither tools nor powder charges shall be left unattended in places where they would be
available to unauthorized persons.
[61 FR 26321, May 24, 1996]

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Part Number: 1915

Part Title: Occup. Safety and Health Standards for Shipyard Employment
Subpart: I
Subpart Title: Personal Protective Equipment
Standard
1915.151
Number:
 Title: Scope, application and definitions.
GPO Source: e-CFR

1915.151(a)
Scope and application. This subpart applies to all work in shipyard employment
regardless of geographic location.
1915.151(b)
Definitions applicable to this subpart.
"Anchorage" means a secure point of attachment for lifelines, lanyards, or deceleration
devices.
"Body belt" means a strap with means for both securing it about the waist and attaching it
to a lanyard, lifeline, or deceleration device.
"Body harness" means straps which may be secured about the employee in a manner
that will distribute the fall arrest forces over at least the thighs, shoulders, chest and
pelvis with means for attaching it to other components of a personal fall arrest system.
"Connector" means a device which is used to couple (connect) parts of a personal fall
arrest system or parts of a positioning device system together. It may be an independent
component of the system, such as a carabiner, or it may be an integral component of part
of the system (such as a buckle or D-ring sewn into a body belt or body harness or a
snaphook spliced or sewn to a lanyard or self-retracting lanyard).
"Deceleration device" means any mechanism, such as a rope grab, ripstitch lanyard,
specially woven lanyard, tearing or deforming lanyard, or automatic self-retracting
lifeline/lanyard, which serves to dissipate a substantial amount of energy during a fall
arrest, or otherwise limit the energy imposed on an employee during fall arrest.
"Deceleration distance" means the additional vertical distance a falling employee travels,
excluding lifeline elongation and free fall distance, before stopping, from the point at
which the deceleration device begins to operate. It is measured as the distance between
the location of an employee's body belt or body harness attachment point at the moment
of activation (at the onset of fall arrest forces) of the deceleration device during a fall, and
the location of that attachment point after the employee comes to a full stop.
"Equivalent" means alternative designs, materials, or methods to protect against a
hazard which the employer can demonstrate will provide an equal or greater degree of
safety for employees than the method or item specified in the standard.
"Free fall" means the act of falling before a personal fall arrest system begins to apply
force to arrest the fall.
"Free fall distance" means the vertical displacement of the fall arrest attachment point on
the employee's body belt or body harness between onset of the fall and just before the
system begins to apply force to arrest the fall. This distance excludes deceleration
distance, and lifeline/lanyard elongation, but includes any deceleration device slide
distance or self-retracting lifeline/lanyard extension before the device operates and fall
arrest forces occur.
"Lanyard" means a flexible line of rope, wire rope, or strap which generally has a
connector at each end for connecting the body belt or body harness to a deceleration
device, lifeline, or anchorage.
"Lifeline" means a component consisting of a flexible line for connection to an anchorage
at one end to hang vertically (vertical lifeline), or for connection to anchorages at both
ends to stretch horizontally (horizontal lifeline), and which serves as a means for
connecting other components of a personal fall arrest system to the anchorage.
"Lower levels" means those areas or surfaces to which an employee can fall. Such areas
or surfaces include but are not limited to ground levels, floors, ramps, tanks, materials,
water, excavations, pits, vessels, structures, or portions thereof.
"Personal fall arrest system" means a system used to arrest an employee in a fall from a
working level. It consists of an anchorage, connectors, body belt or body harness and
may include a lanyard, a deceleration device, a lifeline, or a suitable combination of
these. As of January 1, 1998, the use of a body belt for fall arrest is prohibited.
 "Positioning device system" means a body belt or body harness system rigged to allow
an employee to be supported at an elevated vertical surface, such as a wall or window,
and to be able to work with both hands free while leaning.
"Qualified person" means a person who by possession of a recognized degree or
certificate of professional standing, or who, by extensive knowledge, training, and
experience, has successfully demonstrated the ability to solve or resolve problems
related to the subject matter and work.
"Restraint (tether) line" means a line from an anchorage, or between anchorages, to
which the employee is secured in such a way as to prevent the employee from walking or
falling off an elevated work surface. Note: A restraint line is not necessarily designed to
withstand forces resulting from a fall.
"Rope grab" means a deceleration device which travels on a lifeline and automatically, by
friction, engages the lifeline and locks so as to arrest the fall of an employee. A rope grab
usually employs the principle of inertial locking, cam/level locking or both.
[61 FR 26321, May 24, 1996]
Part Number: 1915
Part Title: Occup. Safety and Health Standards for Shipyard Employment
Subpart: I
Subpart Title: Personal Protective Equipment
Standard
1915.152
Number:
Title: General requirements.
GPO Source: e-CFR

1915.152(a)
Provision and use of equipment. The employer shall provide and shall ensure that each
affected employee uses the appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) for the
eyes, face, head, extremities, torso, and respiratory system, including protective clothing,
protective shields, protective barriers, personal fall protection equipment, and life saving
equipment, meeting the applicable provisions of this subpart, wherever employees are
exposed to work activity hazards that require the use of PPE.
1915.152(b)
Hazard assessment and equipment. The employer shall assess its work activity to
determine whether there are hazards present, or likely to be present, which necessitate
the employee's use of PPE. If such hazards are present, or likely to be present, the
employer shall:
1915.152(b)(1)
Select the type of PPE that will protect the affected employee from the hazards identified
in the occupational hazard assessment;
1915.152(b)(2)
Communicate selection decisions to affected employees;
1915.152(b)(3)
Select PPE that properly fits each affected employee; and
1915.152(b)(4)
Verify that the required occupational hazard assessment has been performed through a
document that contains the following information: occupation, the date(s) of the hazard
assessment, and the name of the person performing the hazard assessment.

Note 1 to paragraph (b): A hazard assessment conducted according to the trade or

occupation of affected employees will be considered to comply with paragraph (b) of this
section, if the assessment addresses any PPE-related hazards to which employees are
exposed in the course of their work activities.
 Note 2 to paragraph (b): Non-mandatory Appendix A to this subpart contains examples of
procedures that will comply with the requirement for an occupational hazard assessment.
1915.152(c)
Defective and damaged equipment. Defective or damaged PPE shall not be used.
1915.152(d)
Reissued equipment. The employer shall ensure that all unsanitary PPE, including that
which has been used by employees, be cleaned and disinfected before it is reissued.
1915.152(e)
Training.
1915.152(e)(1)
The employer shall provide training to each employee who is required, by this section, to
use PPE (exception: training in the use of personal fall arrest systems and positioning
device systems training is covered in Sections 1915.159 and 1915.160). Each employee
shall be trained to understand at least the following:
1915.152(e)(1)(i)
When PPE is necessary;
1915.152(e)(1)(ii)
What PPE is necessary;
1915.152(e)(1)(iii)
How to properly don, doff, adjust, and wear PPE;
1915.152(e)(1)(iv)
The limitations of the PPE; and,
1915.152(e)(1)(v)
The proper care, maintenance, useful life and disposal of the PPE.
1915.152(e)(2)
The employer shall ensure that each affected employee demonstrates the ability to use
PPE properly before being allowed to perform work requiring the use of PPE.
1915.152(e)(3)
The employer shall retrain any employee who does not understand or display the skills
required by paragraph (e)(2) of this section. Circumstances where retraining is required
include, but are not limited to, situations where:
1915.152(e)(3)(i)
Changes in occupation or work render previous training obsolete; or
1915.152(e)(3)(ii)
Changes in the types of PPE to be used render previous training obsolete; or
1915.152(e)(3)(iii)
Inadequacies in an affected employee's knowledge or use of assigned PPE indicate that
the employee has not retained the requisite understanding or skill.
1915.152(f)
Payment for protective equipment.
1915.152(f)(1)
Except as provided by paragraphs (f)(2) through (f)(6) of this section, the protective
equipment, including personal protective equipment (PPE), used to comply with this part,
shall be provided by the employer at no cost to employees.
1915.152(f)(2)
The employer is not required to pay for non-specialty safety-toe protective footwear
(including steel-toe shoes or steel-toe boots) and non-specialty prescription safety
eyewear, provided that the employer permits such items to be worn off the job-site.
1915.152(f)(3)
When the employer provides metatarsal guards and allows the employee, at his or her
request, to use shoes or boots with built-in metatarsal protection, the employer is not
required to reimburse the employee for the shoes or boots.
1915.152(f)(4)
The employer is not required to pay for:
1915.152(f)(4)(i)
Everyday clothing, such as long-sleeve shirts, long pants, street shoes, and normal work
boots; or
 1915.152(f)(4)(ii)
Ordinary clothing, skin creams, or other items, used solely for protection from weather,
such as winter coats, jackets, gloves, parkas, rubber boots, hats, raincoats, ordinary
sunglasses, and sunscreen.
1915.152(f)(5)
The employer must pay for replacement PPE, except when the employee has lost or
intentionally damaged the PPE.
1915.152(f)(6)
Where an employee provides appropriate protective equipment he or she owns, the
employer may allow the employee to use it and is not required to reimburse the
employee for that equipment. The employer shall not require an employee to provide or
pay for his or her own PPE, unless the PPE is excepted by paragraphs (f)(2) through
(f)(5) of this section.
1915.152(f)(7)
This paragraph (f) shall become effective on February 13, 2008. Employers must
implement the PPE payment requirements no later than May 15, 2008.

Note to 1915.152(f): When the provisions of another OSHA standard specify whether
or not the employer must pay for specific equipment, the payment provisions of that
standard shall prevail.

[61 FR 26321, May 24, 1996; 61 FR 29957, June 13, 1996; 67 FR 44543, July 3, 2002;
72 FR 64428, Nov. 15, 2007; 76 FR 33610, July 8, 2011]

Part Number: 1915

Part Title: Occup. Safety and Health Standards for Shipyard Employment
Subpart: I
Subpart Title: Personal Protective Equipment
Standard
1915.153
Number:
Title: Eye and face protection.
GPO Source: e-CFR

1915.153(a)
General requirements.
1915.153(a)(1)
The employer shall ensure that each affected employee uses appropriate eye or face
protection where there are exposures to eye or face hazards caused by flying particles,
molten metal, liquid chemicals, acid or caustic liquids, chemical gases or vapors, or
potentially injurious light radiation.
1915.153(a)(2)
The employer shall ensure that each affected employee uses eye or face protection that
provides side protection when there is a hazard from flying objects. Detachable side
protectors (e.g., a clip-on or slide-on side shield) meeting the pertinent requirements of
this section are acceptable.
1915.153(a)(3)
The employer shall ensure that each affected employee who wears prescription lenses
while engaged in operations that involve eye hazards wears eye protection that
incorporates the prescription in its design, unless the employee is protected by eye
 protection that can be worn over prescription lenses without disturbing the proper position
of either the PPE or the prescription lenses.
1915.153(a)(4)
The employer shall ensure that each affected employee uses equipment with filter lenses
that have a shade number that provides appropriate protection from injurious light
radiation. Table I-1 is a listing of appropriate shade numbers for various operations. If
filter lenses are used in goggles worn under a helmet which has a lens, the shade
number of the lens in the helmet may be reduced so that the shade numbers of the two
lenses will equal the value as shown in Table I-1, 1915.153.
As a rule of thumb, start with a shade that is too dark to see the weld zone. Then go to a
lighter shade which gives sufficient view of the weld zone without going below the
minimum. In oxyfuel gas welding or cutting where the torch produces a high yellow light,
it is desirable to use a filter lens that absorbs the yellow or sodium line in the visible light
of the (spectrum) operation.
1915.153(b)
Criteria for protective eye and face devices.
1915.153(b)(1)
Protective eye and face protection devices must comply with any of the following
consensus standards:
1915.153(b)(1)(i)
ANSI/ISEA Z87.1-2010, Occupational and Educational Personal Eye and Face
Protection Devices, incorporated by reference in 1915.5;
1915.153(b)(1)(ii)
ANSI Z87.1-2003, Occupational and Educational Personal Eye and Face Protection
Devices, incorporated by reference in 1915.5; or
1915.153(b)(1)(iii)
ANSI Z87.1-1989 (R-1998), Practice for Occupational and Educational Eye and Face
Protection, incorporated by reference in 1915.5;
1915.153(b)(2)
Eye and face protection devices that the employer demonstrates are at least as effective
as protective as eye and face protection devices that are constructed in accordance with
one of the above consensus standards will be deemed to be in compliance with the
requirements of this section.
[61 FR 26321, May 24, 1996; 74 FR 46358, Sept. 9, 2009; 81 FR 16091, March 25,
2016]

Part Number: 1915

Part Title: Occup. Safety and Health Standards for Shipyard Employment
Subpart: I
Subpart Title: Personal Protective Equipment
Standard
1915.154
Number:
Title: Respiratory protection.
GPO Source: e-CFR

Respiratory protection for shipyard employment is covered by 29 CFR 1910.134.

[61 FR 26321, May 24, 1996]
Part Number: 1915
Part Title: Occup. Safety and Health Standards for Shipyard Employment
Subpart: I
Subpart Title: Personal Protective Equipment
Standard
1915.155
Number:
Title: Head protection.
 GPO Source: e-CFR

1915.155(a)
Use.
1915.155(a)(1)
The employer shall ensure that each affected employee wears a protective helmet when
working in areas where there is a potential for injury to the head from falling objects.
1915.155(a)(2)
The employer shall ensure that each affected employee wears a protective helmet
designed to reduce electrical shock hazards where there is potential for electric shock or
burns due to contact with exposed electrical conductors which could contact the head.
1915.155(b)
Criteria for protective helmets..
1915.155(b)(1)
Head protection must comply with any of the following consensus standards:
1915.155(b)(1)(i)
American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Z89.1-2009, "American National Standard
for Industrial Head Protection," incorporated by reference in Sec. 1915.5;
1915.155(b)(1)(ii)
American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Z89.1-2003, "American National Standard
for Industrial Head Protection," incorporated by reference in Sec. 1915.5; or
1915.155(b)(1)(iii)
American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Z89.1-1997, "American National Standard
for Personnel Protection--Protective Headwear for Industrial Workers--Requirements,"
incorporated by reference in Sec. 1915.5.

1915.155(b)(2)

Head protection devices that the employer demonstrates are at least as effective as head
protection devices that are constructed in accordance with one of the above consensus
standards will be deemed to be in compliance with the requirements of this section.

[61 FR 26321, May 24, 1996; 74 FR 46358, Sept. 9, 2009; 77 FR 37599, June 22, 2012]