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SANITATION PROBLEMS AND MITIGATION MEASURES OF

KEBENA RIVER

PROPOSAL

GROUP MEMBERS
1. TEMESGEN FETENE..ENR/6687/O4
2. YIDEG ASHAGRE..ENR/6839/04
3. NATNAEL ADUGNA.ENR/4321/04
4. TEMESGEN ALEM..ETR/2636/02
5. SHEWIT G/SILASSE.ENR/6843/04
6. SEMHA MOHAMMED.....ENR/6741/04

7. SAMSON URGESSA..ENR/5825/04

SUBMMITED TO: INSTRUCTOR

SUBMISSION DATE: DECEMBER 22, 2015


SANITATION PROBLEMS AND MITIGATION MEASURES OF KEBENA RIVER

TABLE OF CONTENT

CONTENT PAGE

1. Introduction.2
2. Statement of the problem....2
3. Objective.....3
4. Potential contribution of the proposed project...3
5. Methodology......4
6. Project plan.4
7. Study period4
8. Budget allocation....4
9. References...5

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SANITATION PROBLEMS AND MITIGATION MEASURES OF KEBENA RIVER

1. Introduction

Communicable diseases are considered as major causes of morbidity (disease) and mortality, as
well as disability in Ethiopia. The high prevalence of communicable diseases in the country is
linked to the poorly developed socio-economic and environmental factors that have been inherent
for centuries. Seventy five percent up to eighty percent of the disease burdens in Ethiopia are
assumed to be preventable using measures like improving environmental health status and
nutritional interventions. Environmental health status is mainly depending on water sanitation and
hygiene. The term sanitation in the narrower and environmental health in the broader contexts is
defined as the control of all those factors in mans physical environment which exercise or may
exercise a detrimental effect on his physical, mental, and social wellbeing. Urban and pre-urban
areas are among the worst polluted and disease ridden habitats. Much of this pollution, which leads
to high rates of disease, malnutrition and death, is caused by lack of adequate excreta disposal
facilities and inadequate solid waste collection and disposal service. Rivers, streams, canals,
gullies, and ditches are the destinations of most untreated human excrement and household waste.
Such waste accumulates on streets, in open spaces between houses, in stagnant pools of water, and
on wasteland. The inadequate disposal of human waste contaminates surface and groundwater with
organic compounds, nutrients, and solids. And it has also its own impact on the aesthetical value
of Addis Ababa which the capital of Africa. Here our study area is Kebena River which is
polluted by different sources of pollutants especially domestic wastes. We are going to be
identifying the major pollutant sources and recommend restoration mechanisms to the river.

2, Statement of the problem

It results in water borne diseases for both the upstream and downstream users.
It pollutes the environment so that its difficult for living.
It lowers the aesthetical value of the environment.

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SANITATION PROBLEMS AND MITIGATION MEASURES OF KEBENA RIVER

3. Objective

General objectives:

To reduce waterborne diseases due to contamination of the river.


To recommend possible mitigation measures.
To create awareness to the community.
To identify the major pollutant sources.
To add aesthetic value of the environment.

Specific objectives:

To assess solid waste disposal practice


To assess liquid waste disposal practice
To assess personal hygiene practice

4. Potential contribution of the proposed project

It creates awareness on the community.


It contributes for better living standards of the community.
It enumerate the possible causes and mitigation measures of the stated problems.

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5. Methodology

The methods that we are going to use for our research are:

by reading literature reviews, and research papers


Field visit.
conducting a survey,
Analysis of data

These datas will be analyzed and possible mechanisms finally will be recommend.

6. Project plan

In the first stage we are going to have field observation to identify the general status of the river.
And then we will interview some people around the river about the current condition of the river
kebena. Finally we will analyze the literature reviews and previous research paper and we will
have a recommendation about the river.

7. Study period:

ACTIVITIES TIME
Field visit December 30,2015

Conducting survey From dec30 to Jan 6,2015

Analysis of data From Jan 8 to Jan 15 2015

8. Budget allocation

Activities Budget
Transportation 120.00birr
Print out for interview papers 15.00 birr
Print out for proposal 10.00birr

Printout for final research output and 40.00 birr


documentation purpose
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Total budget is 185.00ETB

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SANITATION PROBLEMS AND MITIGATION MEASURES OF KEBENA RIVER

9. References

1. internet
2. James k. Edzward, Water Quality and Treatment
3. Mackenzie l. ,Water and Waste Water Engineering

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