Use of Automated Water Pump as an Alternative Instrument in decreasing the level of

Flood Water in Sta. Catalina College-Bian, Laguna S.Y 2017-2018

Researchers:

Juan Paolo A. Baiza

Luke Andrew Francis B. Pampolina

Virgilio R. Parate Jr.

Paul Dominic P. Sagun

 Chapter I

I. Introduction

A pump is a device that moves fluids (liquids or gases), or sometimes slurries, by

mechanical action. Pumps can be classified into three major groups according to the

method they use to move the fluid: direct lift, displacement, and gravity pumps.

Pumps operate by some mechanism (typically reciprocating or rotary), and consume

energy to perform mechanical work by moving the fluid. Pumps operate via many

energy sources, including manual operation, electricity, engines, or wind power,

come in many sizes, from microscopic for use in medical applications to large

industrial pumps. Mechanical pumps serve in a wide range of applications such as

pumping water from wells, aquarium filtering, pond filtering and aeration, in the car

industry for water-cooling and fuel injection, in the energy industry for pumping oil

and natural gas or for operating cooling towers. In the medical industry, pumps are

used for biochemical processes in developing and manufacturing medicine, and as

artificial replacements for body parts, in particular the artificial heart and penile

prosthesis.

Pump Types

Pumps are initially distinguished into types based on their method of operation. The

two primary pumping mechanisms are kinetic (dynamic) and positive displacement.

1. Kinetic Pumps - Kinetic or dynamic pumps include all pumps that use fluid

velocity and the resulting momentum to generate pumping power and move fluid

through the system.

2. Centrifugal Pumps - Most dynamic pumps are designated as centrifugal pumps,

those which use an impeller to accelerate fluids. Centrifugal pumps are the most

common type of pump used in industry. There are three basic sub-types of

centrifugal pumps:

Axial Flow Pumps are high flow, low pressure pumps which lift fluid in a

direction parallel to the impeller shaft.

Mixed Flow Pumps are medium flow, medium pressure pumps which push

fluid out away from the pump shaft at an angle greater than 90.

Radial Flow Pumps are high pressure, low flow pumps which accelerate

fluid along the impeller blades perpendicular to the shaft.

3. Specialty Pumps - There are also a number of special types of dynamic pumps

which are defined by certain characteristics.

Cantilever Pumps are centrifugal pumps with long cantilever design used in

sump pump applications.

Jet Pumps are kinetic pumps with an ejector attached at the discharge outlet,

utilizing the Venturi effect and motive fluid to generate pumping pressure.

Turbine Pumps are centrifugal pumps that use pressure in combination with

a rotary mechanism with numerous small impellers and vanes to transfer

energy to a fluid.

4. Positive Displacement Pumps - Positive displacement pumps include all pumps

which use fixed volume cavities displaced using a mechanical force to move fluid
 through the system. These pumps differ based on whether the motion used to

displace the chamber is reciprocating or rotary.

5. Reciprocating Pumps - Reciprocating pumps use linear rather than rotary motion

to move fluids. They utilize a piston or diaphragm which draws fluid in (upstroke)

and pushes it out (downstroke), using check valves to regulate and direct flow

through the system.

Bladder Pumps consist of a flexible, squeezable bladder encased in a rigid

outer casing. They are low-flow pneumatic devices for sampling applications.

Diaphragm Pumps use a diaphragm that moves back and forth to transport

liquids from one place to another.

Double Diaphragm Pumps use two reciprocating diaphragms to compress

and pump fluid.

Peristaltic Pumps use rotating rollers pressed against flexible tubing to create

a pressurized flow.

Piston Pumps and Plunger Pumps use plungers or pistons to push media

through a cylinder chamber.

Triplex Pumps are plunger pumps configured with three plungers for higher

pumping power and efficiency.

 6. Rotary Pumps - Rotary pumps move fluid using rotating mechanical motion. As

the rotor of the pump spins in a circular motion, liquid is drawn into and forced out

of spaces created by the moving parts.

Gear Pumps use rotating, intermeshing gears to compress fluids and generate

flow.

Progressing Cavity Pumps use rotating mechanisms to push fluids through

continuously moving open cavities.

Rotary Lobe Pumps use rotating lobes to direct flow.

Rotary Vane Vacuum Pumps use two or more rotating vanes to move media

from inlet to outlet generating a region of low pressure.

Screw Pumps use one or more screws to transfer fluids or materials along an

axis.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pump

http://www.globalspec.com/pfdetail/pumps/types

A flood is an overflow of water that submerges land that is usually dry. The European Union

(EU) Floods Directive defines a flood as a covering by water of land not normally covered by

water. In the sense of "flowing water", the word may also be applied to the inflow of the tide.

Flooding may occur as an overflow of water from water bodies, such as a river, lake, or ocean, in

which the water overtops or breaks levees, resulting in some of that water escaping its usual

boundaries, or it may occur due to an accumulation of rainwater on saturated ground in an areal

flood. While the size of a lake or other body of water will vary with seasonal changes in
precipitation and snow melt, these changes in size are unlikely to be considered significant

unless they flood property or drown domestic animals. Floods can also occur in rivers when the

flow rate exceeds the capacity of the river channel, particularly at bends or meanders in the

waterway. Floods often cause damage to homes and businesses if they are in the natural flood

plains of rivers. While riverine flood damage can be eliminated by moving away from rivers and

other bodies of water, people have traditionally lived and worked by rivers because the land is

usually flat and fertile and because rivers provide easy travel and access to commerce and

industry. Some floods develop slowly, while others such as flash floods can develop in just a few

minutes and without visible signs of rain. Additionally, floods can be local, impacting a

neighborhood or community, or very large, affecting entire river basins.

Types of floods

Flash floods - This kind occurs within a very short time (2-6 hours, and

sometimes within minutes) and is usually as a result of heavy rain, dam break

or snow melt. Sometimes, intense rainfall from slow moving thunderstorms

can cause it. Flash floods are the most destructive and can be fatal, as people

are usually taken by surprise. There is usually no warning, no preparation and

the impact can be very swift and devastating.

Rapid on-set floods - Similar to flash floods, this type takes slightly longer to

develop and the flood can last for a day or two only. It is also very destructive,

but does not usually surprise people like Flash floods. With rapid on-set

floods, people can quickly put a few things right and escape before it gets very

bad.
 Slow on-set floods - This kind is usually as a result of water bodies over

flooding their banks. They tend to develop slowly and can last for days and

weeks. They usually spread over many kilometers and occur more in flood

plains (fields prone to floods in low-lying areas). The effect of this kind of

floods on people is more likely to be due to disease, malnutrition or

snakebites.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flood

http://eschooltoday.com/natural-disasters/floods/types-of-floods.html

Background of the Study